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Topic: Elwha River

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	Puget Sound Rivers:
		The Elwha is a short, steep river, tumbling 45 miles from the mountainous heart of Olympic National Park down to the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
		The Elwha Report, submitted by the Secretary of the Interior, determined that removing the dams was feasible and necessary to fully restore the fisheries and ecosystem.
		The restored, free-flowing river is estimated to produce approximately 390,000 salmon and steelhead in about 30 years, compared with less than 50,000 fish if the dams were fitted with upstream and downstream fish passage facilities.
	www.americanrivers.org /site/PageServer?pagename=ps_content_c420 (1617 words)

	USGS - Elwha River - Project Summaries
		Objective(s) - A 3-year intensive study of sediment transport in the Elwha River is proposed to assess the increase in suspended-sediment concentrations during dam removal and resulting changes in the particle-size distribution of bed material.
		In order to manage the Elwha River during the process of restoration and evaluate the eventual success of the restoration effort, it is important to evaluate its present ecological status.
		The adjacent Dungeness River basin is a free-flowing system with remaining runs of salmon and serves as a reference basin for comparison with the Elwha River.
	wa.water.usgs.gov /projects/elwha/summary.htm (1479 words)

	Friends of the Earth - Campaigns
		The Elwha River on the Olympic Peninsula has been the focus of intensive efforts to restore the river by removing two environmentally destructive dams.
		While salmon and trout populations are endangered on numerous streams and rivers, several scientific studies have concluded that removal of the two Elwha River dams offers the single best opportunity to restore salmon anywhere on the West Coast.
		Removing the Elwha dams will rebuild endangered chinook and other salmon runs in the river from their current level of less than 3,000 fish to historic levels of almost 400,000 adult fish in the river each year.
	www.foe.org /camps/reg/nw/river/elwha.html (392 words)

	USGS - Elwha River
		The formerly free-flowing Elwha River was famous for the diversity and size of its salmon runs.
		After the construction of the Elwha Dam (1912) and the Glines Canyon Dam (1927), fish lost access to more than 70 miles of mainstem river and tributary habitat.
		Restoration of the Elwha River ecosystem will be accomplished primarily through the removal of the two dams.
	wa.water.usgs.gov /projects/elwha (117 words)

	Home
		The river's Chinook run was famous for the size and vitality of the adults returning to spawn.
		The Elwha's, when they finally obtained their reservation at the mouth of the river, came into possession of flood plain lands on a largely sterile stream.
		That act directed the Secretary of the Interior to study and report to Congress on river restoration alternatives and authorized him to acquire and remove the dams if he found it necessary in 1994 the Secretary reported to Congress that dam removal was necessary to restore the river to its natural, self-regulating state.
	www.elwha.org /hist.htm (2099 words)

	American Whitewater - River (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Note that private access points that were once used on river right to gain access to the surf at Angeles Point are now closed to the public.
		Just downstream of the dam the river flows through scenic gorge with some class II rapids (scenic overlook on river right just upstream of the Highway 112 bridge).
		Be warned that the lower reach of the river is popular with fishermen and the surf at the mouth is popular with local surfers.
	www.americanwhitewater.org /rivers/id/2113 (805 words)

	Press Releases 2000 - Trout Unlimited
		The Park Service's 1995 EIS concluded that "On the Elwha River, the dams have completely blocked upstream passage to 93% of the salmon and steelhead spawning and rearing habitat." Additionally, 83 percent of the pristine habitat of the Elwha River watershed lies within Olympic National Park.
		Tribal efforts to maintain a salmon hatchery on the Elwha River produce a catch that is only a fraction of the total produced by the river before the dams.
		Perhaps most critical to surviving salmon is the estuary at the mouth of the river which is used by all juvenile native anadromous fish during their transition form fresh water to salt water.
	www.tu.org /site/apps/nl/content2.asp?c=7dJEKTNuFmG&b=280766&ct=329959 (1418 words)

	Elwha
		The salmon return from the sea to spawn and die, carrying back to the upper reaches of our rivers the richness of their bodies, ions of metals not found in the rocks of our mountains, proteins built from nitrogen and carbon, all collected during the years they spend foraging in the estuaries and oceans.
		The Elwha is only 45 miles long, the shortest, steepest of the radial rivers draining the central Olympics, and it carried much of the sediment away.
		In 1970's the Lower Elwha Tribe, recognizing that the 50 year permit for the Glines Canyon dam would expire in 1976, went to Congress to seek Intervenor status in the relicensing procedure, and carried the issue thru committees and subcommittees.
	www.breskin.com /writing/elwha.htm (2608 words)

	Shared Strategy for Puget Sound
		The Elwha and Dungeness River are home to threatened summer/fall Elwha Chinook, threatened spring/summer Dungeness Chinook, threatened Hood Canal/Strait of Juan de Fuca summer chum, threatened bull trout, and populations of Coho, chum, pink, summer and winter steelhead, rainbow trout and sea-run and resident cutthroat.
		Some adults remain in fresh water all their lives (particular in the Elwha River, where migration has been interrupted by the presence of the two dams), while others migrate to the estuary in spring and summer and return upstream to spawn in the fall.
		Diminished river flows common in the Dungeness during late summer and early fall, hamper the migrations of returning adults and steal usable habitat from young salmon preparing for life in the ocean.
	www.sharedsalmonstrategy.org /watersheds/watershed-elwah.htm (1449 words)

	Elwha and Glines Canyon Dams, Elwha River near Port Angeles, Washington
		The Elwha River flows northward from the Olympic Mountains of northwest Washington State to the Straight of Juan de Fuca near the town of Port Angeles, Washington.
		The upper watershed of the Elwha River is located within Olympic National Park and within a Wilderness Area (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1996).
		Elwha Dam, constructed during the period 1910-13, is a 105-foot high concrete gravity dam that forms Lake Aldwell 8 miles upstream from the river's mouth.
	www.usbr.gov /pmts/sediment/projects/ElwhaRiver/ElwhaGlinesCanyon.htm (951 words)

	Handbook Sampler
		The Elwha Act voids FERC’s authority to issue long-term licenses for either dam, and it confers upon the Secretary of the Interior the authority to remove both dams if that action is needed to fully restore the Elwha River ecosystem and native anadromous fisheries.
		The foundation of the Elwha Dam failed during reservoir filling in 1912, flooding downstream areas such as the Tribe’s reservation at the mouth of the river.
		The silt- and clay-sized particles are also reduced in the lower river, but resuspension of this material may cause the loss of aquatic life and adversely affect water users downstream for the approximately two to three years this process is expected to last (NPS 1996).
	www.nrcs.usda.gov /Technical/stream_restoration/case2.htm (1002 words)

	Flytalk - View Single Post - Elwha Dams
		For those of you that don't know this river, it is born in the high country of the Olympic National Park of Wasington's Oluypmpic Peninsula.
		The river used to have chinook of over 100 pounds until the lower dam (the Elwha Dam) was built in the early years of the 20th century at river mile 5.
		This dam made a fish ladder useless on Elwha Dam because it took so long for the wter and fish to get throught Glines Canyon Dam that smolt rarely made it through and into the midle river on their downstream migration.
	www.flyfishingforum.com /flytalk4/showpost.php?p=46724&postcount=1 (300 words)

	The Elwha River
		Dam removal presents a coupled upstream-downstream problem, in which the magnitude of the downstream impacts on channel morphology, habitat and human infrastructure is governed largely by the volume and rate at which sediment is mobilized from the former impoundment area.
		In April 1994 a drawdown of Lake Mills, the reservoir behind Glines Canyon Dam on the Elwha River in Washington, was performed in order to gain an insight into how the sediment accumulated in the reservoir’s delta would respond to a dam decommissioning scenario.
		Analysis of the data collected reveals that the bulk of the morphological adjustment is concentrated in the finer sediments of the lower half of the delta, and that the delta channels exhibit a complex response that is primed by the drop in baselevel and driven by a relatively low discharge.
	www.fsl.orst.edu /wpg/research/elwha.htm (348 words)

	Elwha River Recovery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Long ago, the powerful Elwha River ran freely, from the mountains to the sea.
		September 2002: Notice of Intent to Prepare a Supplemental EIS on Elwha Ecosystem Restoration Implementation.
		Elwha Restoration Project Office, 826 E Front Street, Suite A
	www.nps.gov /olym/elwha/home.htm (82 words)

	Elwha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		After 80 years and severe habitat restriction, the effects on anadromous fish include the extinction of Elwha River sockeye salmon, possible extinction of spring chinook and sockeye salmon, and depressed rns of summer steelhead and sea-run cuthroat.
		Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act (Public Law 102-495): U.S. Congress passed law in 1992 authorizing Dept. of Interior to acquire dams and conduct an EIS to determine best course of action for restoring anadromous fish runs.
		Senator Gorton has proposed legislaton linking the Elwha River project to actions that may be taken on the Federal dams on the Columbia and Snake Rivers.
	www.lib.washington.edu /Fish/subjects/elwha.html (615 words)

	American Whitewater - River
		The river has been run higher too, but normally be veterans who know the lines and are familiar with the drops.
		This river is a class V expedition trip--an 8.5 mile hike in to the put-in and two canyons with must-run class IV and V rapids.
		If you stay with the current, you'll tumble into the hole on far river left and although you can expect to get a good ender or disappear completely, there is a nice recovery pool at the bottom (photo of final chute).
	www.americanwhitewater.org /rivers/id/2111 (1804 words)

	US EPA Recovery and Restoration of the Elwha River Ecosystem Following Dam Removal: Evaluation of Changes in Riverine ...
		The dams have significantly reduced the river sediment flux to the coast, removed more than 95 percent of the historic spawning habitats of native salmonids and altered riverine water quality.
		In 2008 the dams are scheduled to be removed in an effort to restore the Elwha R. Salmonid fisheries which are an important resource to members of the Jonestown Klallam Tribe, the Lower Elwaha Klallam Tribe, and the Makah Tribe.
		It is estimated that 13 million cubic meters of sediment will be released by this process (the current average annual flux to the coast is about 4,000 cubic meters) and that this material will be deposited in fluvial, littoral, and nearshore systems downstream from the dams.
	www.epa.gov /ORD/NRMRL/lrpcd/esm/projects/136284s.htm (501 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Elwha Ecosystem Restoration Implementation; Olympic National Park; Clallam and Jefferson ...
		The 1996 EIS is the second of two environmental impact statements that examined how best to restore the Elwha River ecosystem and native anadromous fishery in Olympic National Park.
		Background Elwha Dam was built in 1911, and Glines Canyon Dam in 1925, limiting anadromous fish to the lowest 4.9 miles of river (blocking access to more than 70 miles of Elwha River mainstream and tributary habitat).
		In 1992, Congress enacted the Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act (PL 102-495) directing the Secretary of the Interior to fully restore the Elwha river ecosystem and native anadromous fisheries, while at the same time protecting users of the river's water from adverse impacts associated with dam removal.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2002/September/Day-12/i23124.htm (1898 words)

	FOE: Elwha River Restoration Project Action Alert
		The broad sandy beaches at the mouth of the river, which were prime shellfish beds, have washed away due to the lack of replenishing materials from upstream.
		This is critical to move the Elwha project from the planning and design stage to the on-the-ground work of restoring the river.
		There is a growing recognition of the importance of restoring the Elwha River as part of the larger efforts to rebuild threatened and endangered fish runs across the Northwest.
	www.irn.org /revival/decom/001102.elwha.html (975 words)

	Dam Removal on the Elwha River in Washington - Nearshore Impacts of Released Sediment
		The Elwha River drains the rugged Olympic Mountains of Washington, flowing northward to the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
		In 1992, the Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act was enacted by Congress to authorize removal of the dams in order to restore the once-plentiful salmon runs in the river.
		Preliminary results show that the substrate from the river mouth out to approximately 30-m water depth consists of mixed sand and gravel, with areas of large sand waves (approx 10 m high) and some boulder fields.
	soundwaves.usgs.gov /2005/02/research.html (965 words)

	Study the Elwha River — Elwha Science Education Project
		The Elwha River watershed is the largest in Olympic National Park, and historically the largest producer of salmon and steelhead on the Olympic Peninsula.
		Our Elwha Science Education Project for middle and high school groups runs between February and November. The majority of programs are run in partnership with students' schools during the academic year. Read the latest seasonal story in which students share their recent field work and get involved too.
		Located just 12 miles from the Elwha River, Olympic Park Institute's campus is a perfect place to come for your studies. We are located in an old growth forest on the shore of scenic Lake Crescent. See a Map of OPI's campus and Olympic Peninsula.
	www.elwhascienceed.org (305 words)

	The Center of Excellence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In 1992, Congress mandated removal of the Elwha dams and restoration of the river’s fisheries; the two dams will be removed in 2009.
		The combination of the shrinkage in habitat and reduction in nutrients in the Elwha River watershed due to damming is thought to have also caused declines in at least 22 species of terrestrial mammals and birds.
		Four students are gathering baseline data on the genetic and functional diversity of the microbial communities of the soils and periphyton of the Elwha watershed.
	www.pc.ctc.edu /coe/elwha.htm (1439 words)

	ELWHA RIVER TRAIL REVIEWS - ( PRESS EXPEDITION ) - Olympic National Park
		Christie had planned to follow the Elwha River into the heart of the mountains, transporting supplies on a large flat-bottomed boat, Gertie, which the men built.
		The boat leaked and had to be hauled over log jams and towed through rapids by the men, wading through deep snow along the banks or in icy water sometimes up to their chins.
		The path follows the river almost to its source at the Elwha Snowfinger, more than 25 miles upstream, then crosses Low Divide to link with the North Fork of the Quinault River Trail.
	www.windsox.us /ELWHA/elriver.html (532 words)

	Restoring the Elwha River could change public thinking about America's rivers
		The Elwha restoration -- like other imperiled species recovery efforts that are proving successful -- aims to return a threatened species to habitat it once occupied and without which it cannot thrive.
		The Elwha dams were built solely to generate hydropower for Port Angeles lumber mills.
		The Elwha River restoration plan is the product of arduous negotiations among government agencies, private industry, Native American tribes and conservation groups.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /opinion/202731_focus12.html (1450 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Elwha offers a unique opportunity to fully restore a river since nearly all of the river's watershed is preserved in Olympic National Park, free from human impacts.
		Brenkman's team is one of many working on the river to document pre-dam removal fish populations and habitat conditions.
		Before the dams went in, mature salmon and steelhead spawned and died in the upper river, serving as a major source of nitrogen and phosphorus for the entire river basin ecosystem.
	www.fwee.org /news/getStory?story=1267 (1680 words)

	Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act -- Public Law 102-495, signed October 24, 1992 (106 Stat.
		Effective 60 days after submission of a report to Congress, the Secretary of the Interior is authorized to acquire the Elwha and Glines Canyon hydroelectric power projects for $29.5 million.
		Authorization for acquisition of the projects is conditioned upon determinations by the Secretary that removal of the dams is necessary for full restoration of the Elwha River ecosystem and fisheries, and that funding for that purpose will be available within 2 years after acquisition.
	www.fws.gov /laws/lawsdigest/elwha.html (485 words)

	OLYMPIC PENINSULA POINTERS: Dungeness River, Elwha River, Salmon
		The results achieved in mid-September is 13 to 16 million gallons per day left in the Elwha, an amount important in low flow, hot summer weather when high river temperatures sustain disease organisms which have been responsible for death of as much as 70% of adult salmon returning to spawn.
		Large rivers typically deposit about 3/4 of the sediment carried down from mountains on to their flood plain; 1/4 is carried to sea.
		Furthermore removal of the return flow from the creek back to the river would reduce the energy absorption which occurs because flow from the creek exits at a sharp angle to the main river flow.
	www.olympus.net /community/oec/ppntr8.htm (5456 words)

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