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Topic: Em (typography)

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	Digital Web Magazine - CSS Typography
		Traditional typography is a very subtle and beautiful form of design, with thousands of variations and choices.
		With ems, it’s important to remember that you’re dealing with relative font sizes, and nested elements will be relative to their parent elements.
		In this case, “beautiful” is.9 ems relative to the.9-em paragraph tag, and the paragraph tag is.9 ems relative to the default body text size.
	www.digital-web.com /articles/css_typography (1701 words)

	Five simple steps to better typography : Journal : Mark Boulton
		An em is not the size of a capital M. It is a square of the point size.
		Of course with the advent of CSS the Em was perfect for creating relationships, between type size and leading for example, which need to be retained when the type was resized.
		The typographer’s ‘em square’ was a square, blank type where each side was the width of a capital M in that font.
	www.markboulton.co.uk /journal/comments/five_simple_steps_to_better_typography (3660 words)

	Definition of Em (typography)
		An em is a unit of measurement in the field of typography.
		1 em is sometimes said to be equal to the width of a capital "M" in a particular typeface.
		The width of the em space ( ;) is defined to be 1 em, as is the em dash (—) (more commonly used in American texts).
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Em_(typography) (362 words)

	» Typography tips: Em, En and Hyphens
		While these things will most likely go unnoticed by 95% of people, it’s the 5% who do notice that may be the deciding factor in you getting that next job or assignment.
		You should use an em dash, which is the width of an em space, as punctuation — usually as a pause in your text and a change of topic.
		Having an easy way to type em dashes is one of the things I miss the most about not having a Mac any more.
	www.jdempsey.com /typography-tips-em-en-hyphens-and-caps (362 words)

	learn free Typography and Page Layout - Typography Terminolgy
		In 18-pt type the em is 18 points wide and 18 points high; in 12-pt type it is 12 points square.
		A dash centred on the x-height of characters, one em long, used to indicate a pause in the sentence.
		A style of typography which allows certain punctuation characters to `hang' or extend beyond the left and/or right margins giving a much sharper line to the margins.
	www.typography-1st.com /typo/typterm.shtml (3891 words)

	Friendly HTML (typography)
		The and tags are used to add different degrees of emphasis to words or sentences in your page.
		You may ask what is the point in using , and tags in an HTML document if they are all going to look the same in the browser.
		The answer is that even if present-day browsers treat them all alike the browsers of the future may distinguish between them, and it does no harm to include information in the HTML that future browsers may be able to use.
	bip.cnrs-mrs.fr /bip10/typog.htm (2108 words)

	CSS Font Size Explained
		The exception is when 'em' occurs in the value of the 'font-size' property itself, in which case it refers to the font size of the parent element.
		The "1 em" spatial representation of an upper case letter X of the Courier font will be decidedly different from the rendering of the same upper case letter X of the Verdana font.
		An "em" unit or "1 em" displays at the default or "base" size for a rendered font glyph as contained within an HTML element where the default display is assigned by the user agent.
	www.bigbaer.com /css_tutorials/css_font_size.htm (1116 words)

	\| The Em \| Typophile
		All “That” uses the term “em” in the context of a given size during composition, and there it means “whatever the point size is times X”, so yes, “an em” is a sliding measure, but it is so because of the shorthanded nature of the command, and… it is not The Em.
		In metal foundry type the EM is the body size (height) of a piece of type in a font, and is also normally approximately equal to the width of a cap M. In digital type the EM is the square grid upon which glyphs are drawn and encoded.
		The em is not equal to each em-dash, but in approximation, or in many cases, it is. Similarly, the mechanical horsepower as a measurement unit does not equal the operating power of every horse in the world, but it is an approximation.
	typophile.com /node/27742 (5716 words)

	RichInStyle.com - Style sheet master class: part 4 - lengths
		Without doubt, the em is one of the best of all the CSS units.
		As a result, the em is most useful of all the units.
		It is the only unit that should be used on font-size (% is equally acceptable, but is not a unit), because it ensures that everything is in proportion, and, just as crucially, that everything relates to the size with which the user is comfortable.
	www.richinstyle.com /masterclass/lengths.html (2115 words)

	Basic "old timers" typesetting practices, ch.1
		The size of the square, and hence even the em, increased to cover both descenders and diacritical marks, while the letter M still had to maintain readable proportions in relation to the height of capital letters in the set of types.
		The relative units 'em' and 'ex' are relative to the font size of the element itself.
		The em length has a long history and has proven it self to be the best base unit of all for typographical layout purposes.
	css.nu /articles/typograph1-en.html (4318 words)

	DesignWritings
		If you appreciate new typography and follow the release of new typefaces, want to read interesting articles about design, and have a penchant for new musical talent then the online magazine Jazz is for you.
		Although proceedings from the conference don't appear to be online, brief synopses of the speaker presentations are available as are PDF versions of the conference newsletter.
		EM Design is home to the resume and portfolio of Erin Malone.
	www.emdezine.com /designwritings/archives/cat_typography.shtml (953 words)

	Chapter 4 The amazing em unit and other best practices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In CSS, the em unit is a general unit for measuring lenghts, for example page margins and padding around elements.
		Designers who come from desktop publishing may be inclined to skip the indirection that em introduces and specify directly that the font size should be 20 points.
		By specifying the padding width in ems, the width of the padding is relative to the font size of the div element.
	www.w3.org /WAI/GL/css2em.htm (2101 words)

	[No title]
		The text formatting language is a dialect of {\em troff}, and the vast majority of subscribers use a special set of {\em troff\/} macros to do the formatting.
		A course on the theory of electronic publishing given to typography students is used as an example of the type of material that might be covered and how it may be structured.
		For this reason, it is regrettable that the advent of laser-driven imaging devices has brought with it an `anglicization' of many fonts, via an increase in x-height, and a reluctance to countenance a non-linear variation of letterforms and set-width with point size \emdash{} a characteristic so crucial to the readability of classic texts.
	elib.cs.sfu.ca /Collections/CMPT/MajorBibs/beebe-bib/epodd.bib (6676 words)

	The Classified Page
		Because most keyboards lack a key for the em dash (-), it must usually be created with a special key combination specific to the program being used.
		EM space - Represents a space between letters or words that is the width of the point size.
		It requires additional hardware, in the form of an expansion memory board, to use the expanded memory manager in 8088-, 8086, and 286 based systems, although 386-based systems and higher simply require the memory managers to tun extended memory into expanded memory.
	www.wolfree.com /dictionary/dic-e.htm (4703 words)

	digitalwaffle: When Is A Quote Not A Quote?
		An Em is described as the width of a capital M. In practice that may vary a bit depending on the font, so it is more standard for the Em to be the same width as the number of points it is being displayed as—so it is 12 points wide when displayed at 12pt.
		The most common uses of an Em dash however are to show a break in thought, or a parenthetical statement that is more significant than regular brackets would indicate.
		The En is the half the size of an Em (in theory the width of a N).
	digitalwaffle.livejournal.com /2496.html (1788 words)

	University Publications -- Typography Guide
		Historically the setting of type for printing, known as typesetting, was a craft performed by experts trained in the rules of typography.
		An em dash (—) is used to indicate a change in thought, or a break or interruption in a sentence.
		An en dash (–) is used between paired numbers or words depicting a range, usually with a thin space on either side of it.
	www.montana.edu /commserv/cspublications/upubstypography.html (748 words)

	Adobe Fonts - Type topics: Glossary
		Em is traditionally defined as the width of the uppercase M in the current face and point size.
		A dash the length of an em is used to indicate a break in a sentence.
		En is traditionally defined as the width of the uppercase N in the current face and the current point size.
	www.adobe.com /type/topics/glossary.html (2609 words)

	sane css typography
		Ems worked, but only down to 1.0 in IE PC, and 1.0 is the big default again.
		ALA did a nice article on how to use keywords, which was great but didn't work for Opera 6 PC.
		Anyhow, I played about and found you can make a nice ems stylesheet with P text at 1.0 em, and then downsize the whole thing by selecting size in BODY with %, like 76%.
	www.thenoodleincident.com /tutorials/typography/index.html (293 words)

	IS 561: Typography Lecture Notes
		A popular definition is that the em is a constant width blank space as wide as the letter m in whatever typeface is used.
		A more authoritative one is that the em is the square of the body in any size of type.
		Both ems and ens are used for blank spaces such as indentations when setting type.
	web.utk.edu /~wrobinso/561_lec_type.html (3606 words)

	Effective Style with em - Monday By Noon
		When first using em, it is sometimes difficult to determine why a font is represented in a particular size.
		Had you styled your document using em font units, you would be able to increase the font size of the browser which would in turn scale all of the text within your document, enabling this particular board member to read the text.
		When trying to determine em units for fonts based on a 16px font size can be difficult and might even require the use of a calculator from time to time.
	mondaybynoon.com /2006/03/13/effective-style-with-em (11178 words)

	Designorati : Considering the Dash (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		An intriguing thing to find, once one is introduced to typography, whether or not one comes from a typists’ background, is that there are a handful of different forms of the dash.
		Flanking the em dashes with spaces, however — like this — creates too much of a separation—a near disconnect—and often creates a distraction large enough that the user’s eye is drawn out of surrounding lines of text toward the oddly oversized gap.
		In regard to em dash spaces, I have found spaces between words and em dashes tend to be used in the UK and Australia, whereas no spaces are used in the American market.
	designorati.com /typography/how-to-5/2005/considering-the-dash (1911 words)

	cars - EM
		An EM (major chord) or Em (minor chord) used in musical notation for string instruments or 'Chordophones'.
		The em dash (—) is defined as one Em in width in orthography or typography.
		Expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is an algorithm used for statistical computing.
	www.carluvers.com /cars/Em (90 words)

	Rules of Typography: Part I
		An em is a unit of measure equal to the point size you are using.
		A dash, more specifically, an em dash, is a form of punctuation used to offset clauses in a sentence.
		That is, most em dashes are not one em in width, and depend on the individual typeface.
	www.fontsite.com /Pages/RulesOfType/ROT0997.html (1016 words)

	A List Apart: Articles: The Trouble With EM ’n EN (and Other Shady Characters)
		First, neither an em dash nor an en dash should be confused with the hyphen (-), which is used to join compound words together.
		Two adjacent em dashes (a 2-em dash) are used to indicate missing letters in a word (“I just don’t f——ing care about 3.0 browsers”).
		Three adjacent em dashes (a 3-em dash) are used to substitute for the author’s name when a repeated series of works are presented in a bibliography, as well as to indicate an entire missing word in the text.
	www.alistapart.com /stories/emen (2410 words)

	The NetPlace - Typography resources, tutorials and articles for webmasters.
		The Trouble with EM 'n EN - Peter K. Sheerin.
		Typography I - Patrick J. Lynch and Sarah Horton.
		Typography II - Patrick J. Lynch and Sarah Horton.
	www.thenetplace.com /typography.php (868 words)

	The `include` command
		The popularity of {\em word processing} has led to the development of many software tools which are based upon {\em wysiwyg} techniques (what you see is what you get).
		Another reason for the lack of `perfect' {\em wysiwyg} packages is that while printer technology involving resolutions in hundreds of pixels per inch is standard, display screen technology is still limited to less than 100 pixels per inch, except in very specialised (and very expensive) areas.
		The idea in \LaTeX\ is that the designer of a document should specify their layout requirement in an {\em abstract} manner, and that the program should then translate these into the necessary details of typeface, font and size, making use of a set of rules of `style' that have been derived from type-setting experience.
	www.cs.stir.ac.uk /guides/latex/subsubsection2_5_2_2_1.html (1425 words)

	em - OneLook Dictionary Search
		EM, 'em, em, em- : Encarta® World English Dictionary, North American Edition [home, info]
		E.M, EM, 'em, em- : Dictionary.com [home, info]
		EM, EM, em : Stammtisch Beau Fleuve Acronyms [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=em&ls=a (453 words)

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