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Topic: Em dash

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	Dash - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The em dash is used in much the way a colon or set of parentheses is used: it can show an abrupt change in thought or be used where a period is too strong and a comma too weak.
		The width of the en dash was originally the width of the typeset letter "N", while the width of the em dash was the width of "M"; hence the names.
		A spaced en dash is commonly used for this purpose in British publications, whereas in the USA the tendency is to use the unspaced em dash.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ndash (2119 words)

	Dash -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The em dash is defined as one (A linear unit (1/6 inch) used in printing) em in width.
		Em dashes are sometimes used in lists of definitions, but this is not considered correct usage: a (The part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted) colon should be used instead.
		The width of the en dash was originally the width of the typeset letter " (The 14th letter of the Roman alphabet) N", while the width of the em dash was the width of " (The 13th letter of the Roman alphabet) M"; hence the names.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/da/dash.htm (2029 words)

	Dash Away, Dash Away (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The em dash is the longest dash, double the length of the en dash.
		Use em dashes instead of a comma to set off a phrase for more emphasis, when the phrase is long, to show a definite interruption, or when using a comma might make the reading confusing.
		Em dashes create a greater pause in reading than commas and, therefore, should be used sparingly to avoid a halting, jarring flow to the text.
	www.lifeway.com /lwc/lwc_cda_article/0,1643,A=152787&X=1&M=50088,00.html (572 words)

	En Dashes and Em Dashes
		The em dash is the mark of punctuation most of us think of when we hear the term "dash" in regard to a sentence.
		Dashes can be used in pairs like parentheses—that is, to enclose a word, or a phrase, or a clause—or they can be used alone to detach one end of a sentence from the main body.
		Dashes are particularly useful in a sentence that is long and complex or in one that has a number of commas within it.
	www.getitwriteonline.com /archive/091502.htm (884 words)

	Dashes and hyphens
		One might conclude from this that if the minus sign cannot be used but the en dash is available (e.g., when the character repertoire is limited to the so-called Windows character set), the en dash is a better surrogate for the minus sign than the hyphen-minus or the em dash.
		The em dash is a multiple-use punctuation symbol, but it basically separates major parts of a statement, as opposite to the hyphen and the en dash, which have more “local”, separative functions.
		In some usage, “long dashes” are used: “a two em dash” might indicate missing letters in a word (or sometimes a missing word); whereas “a three em dash” might indicate that a word or phrase has been left out.
	www.cs.tut.fi /~jkorpela/dashes.html (3124 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Em An em is a unit of measure equal to the size of the typeface.
		Type artists use ems to indent lines, to determine the lengthh of a dash (the em dash), and to add a space (an em space) between words.
		If the type artrist uses an em dash to set off a parenthetical phrase in a sentence of 11-point type, the em dash is 11 points in lenth.
	www.rit.edu /~kab1842/measurement.html (455 words)

	Biocrawler:Manual of Style (dashes) - Biocrawler definition:Biocrawler:Manual of Style (dashes) - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Dashes have been implemented in various ways that do not display consistently in all software, leading the hyphen to be used in place of dashes.
		The Em Dash (—, —) is twice as long as the en dash, and about the length of the capital M in any particular font.
		The em dash is used in much the same way as a colon or set of parentheses: it can show an abrupt change in thought or be used where a period is too strong and a comma too weak.
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Biocrawler:Manual_of_Style_(dashes) (1175 words)

	Dashes And Hyphens
		En dash ("–"): The en-dash is named because it is the same width as a lower case letter "n".
		Em dash ("—"): The em-dash (also called just "dash") is named because it is the same width as a lower case letter "m".
		Em dashes are longer than both hyphens and en-dashes.
	www.ross.net /notes/dashes.shtml (372 words)

	EyeWire: Magazine: Columns: Robin Williams: Dash To The Rescue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Then there's the en dash (typesetters used to call it a "nut"), which is a little longer than a hyphen, and the em dash (a "mutton"), which is the longest.
		Technically, an em dash is as long as the point size of the type; that is, if your type is 12 point, the em dash is 12 points long; if your type is 36 points, the em dash is 36 points long.
		The en dash (the "nut") is half the width of the em dash.
	www.eyewire.com /magazine/columns/robin/dash (364 words)

	Deco fonts, Grunge fonts, Script fonts, Monster fonts for Mac, PC, TrueType & PostScript - TypeArt Foundry Inc.
		Type is normally measured in picas and points, but horizontal spacing is measured in ems, and the em is a sliding measure.
		In 6 point type, an em is 6 points; in 12 pt type it is 12 points, and in 60 pt type it is 60 points.
		An em dash, therefore, will be equal in length to the point size that you are setting the type in, and an en dash will be half as long.
	www.typeart.com /using_dashes.asp (684 words)

	The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation
		An en dash, which is a little longer than a hyphen, is used for periods of time when you might otherwise use to.
		On a PC, an em dash is made by using ALT + 0150 (hold down the ALT key and type 0150 on the numeric keypad), with a space before and after it.
		On a PC, an em dash is made by using ALT + 0151 (hold down the ALT key and type 0151 on the numeric keypad), with no spaces before or after.
	www.grammarbook.com /punctuation/dashes.asp (328 words)

	Textism: An en is half an em
		It’s useful to remember the em quad, a frequent measure of indentations in body text: in 12 pt type, the em quad is 12 pts wide by 12 high, when using 18 pt type it is 18×18.
		An em dash is one em long, so in 10 pt text it measures 10 pts, but some sloppy font vendors dick around with that.
		The em is absolutely not the width of the capital letter M of its font.
	www.textism.com /article/414 (188 words)

	. : P22 Terminal - Why all the dashes?: .
		These dashes are the hyphen, minus sign, en dash, em dash, macron and underscore.
		As a rule, the em dash is twice as long as the en dash.
		An em dash should never be used with spaces on either side although, clearly, many people are unaware of this rule.
	www.p22.com /terminal/dash.html (488 words)

	Photo Matt » Em and En Dashes in Movable Typo
		For those who aren’t familiar with the proper usage of em and en dashes, here’s a quote from the ALA article, which I think is the best summary of the matter on the net, by Peter K. Sheerin.
		Two adjacent em dashes (a 2-em dash) are used to indicate missing letters in a word (”I just don’t f——ing care about 3.0 browsers”;).
		Three adjacent em dashes (a 3-em dash) are used to substitute for the author’s name when a repeated series of works are presented in a bibliography, as well as to indicate an entire missing word in the text.
	photomatt.net /2002/09/26/em-and-en-dashes-in-movable-typo (675 words)

	Garbl's Editorial Style Manual: D (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In these uses, em dashes are usually less formal but more emphatic substitutes for other typical punctuation marks.
		Third, use a pair of em dashes to set off a phrase that has a series of words separated by commas: Leif Nelson described the qualities--intelligence, a sense of humor and compassion--he wants in a manager.
		A short dash, called en dash, may be used to mean up to and including when placed between numbers, times, dates and other uses that show range: 1993-96, $25-50, $432,000-$560,000 (but $25 million to $50 million), 55-65 years, 7:15-7:30 a.m.
	garbl.home.comcast.net /stylemanual/d.htm (3508 words)

	Punctuation handout.html
		The em dash is a long horizontal mark separating words--referred to by nonprofessionals as simply a "dash." It also marks a suspension of sense, a faltering in speech, a sudden change in construction, or an unexpected turn of thought.
		Em dashes may be used to introduce items in a list, but numbers or bullets are better.
		The en dash is midway in length between a hyphen and an em dash.
	www.nyu.edu /classes/copyXediting/Punctuation.html (4325 words)

	Judy Vorfeld's Editing and Writing Services
		Since a dash is versatile, people tend to use it to punctuate almost any break in a sentence.
		Regardless of whether you use an "em" dash or two hyphens, don't leave any space before or after the dash.
		Because this dash represents a complete word, leave a space before and after unless punctuation is needed.
	www.editingandwritingservices.com /Dashes.html (583 words)

	Dash: Punctuation: Guide to Authors: Scientific and Technical Publishing: ESS Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		There are two kinds of dashes: the en dash, which is longer than the hyphen, and the em dash (space-long dash-space), which is twice as long as an en dash:
		This is usually referred to as the dash, and is a useful, but overworked, punctuation mark.
		The em dash is not used immediately after a colon, semicolon, or comma.
	www.nrcan.gc.ca /ess/pubs/guide/punct/dash_e.html (271 words)

	SparkNotes: Ultimate Style: Dashes
		Dashes shouldn’t be confused with Hyphens, which are shorter and have a different function.
		The technical name for a dash is em dash, to distinguish it from the shorter en dash.
		En dashes are used to indicate a stretch of time between dates.
	www.sparknotes.com /writing/style/topic_55.html (444 words)

	Works: How to Create Em Dash or En Dash in Word Processor (76985) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Em and en dashes denote a sudden break in a writer's sentence that causes an abrupt change in the sentence structure.
		An en dash is slightly longer than a hyphen, and an em dash is twice as long as an en dash.
		The em dash and en dash are available in most typefaces as an extended character.
	www.it-faq.pl /mskb/76/985.HTM (173 words)

	PainInTheEnglish.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Visually, the difference is that a hyphen is short (long enough that it isn't confused with a period or comma), the en dash is longer (by convention, the width of the capital N), and the em dash is the longest (the width of the capital M).
		An em dash is best typed as two hyphens--you might sometimes also see a hyphen with spaces around it.
		S-- hit her thumb with the hammer and said 'D-- it!'" The proofreaders' mark for the em dash is like a fraction with "1" over "m".
	www.painintheenglish.com /post.asp?id=145 (431 words)

	em-dash replacement « WordPress Support
		Em dashes indicate related but separate thoughts and clauses from the surrounding sentence.
		I too am annoyed by WordPress making the assumption that a double-hyphen should be an en dash and a triple-hyphen an em dash.
		8212 is the entity for em dashes, 8211 the entity for en dashes.
	wordpress.org /support/topic/5372 (352 words)

	Rules of Typography: Part I
		A dash, more specifically, an em dash, is a form of punctuation used to offset clauses in a sentence.
		En dashes are primarily used to denote duration, as in 8:00–5:00, or August 12–14, or Aardvark–Adelaide.
		That is, most em dashes are not one em in width, and depend on the individual typeface.
	www.fontsite.com /Pages/RulesOfType/ROT0997.html (1016 words)

	Chapter 4 The amazing em unit and other best practices
		In CSS, the em unit is a general unit for measuring lenghts, for example page margins and padding around elements.
		Designers who come from desktop publishing may be inclined to skip the indirection that em introduces and specify directly that the font size should be 20 points.
		By specifying the padding width in ems, the width of the padding is relative to the font size of the div element.
	www.w3.org /WAI/GL/css2em.htm (2101 words)

	Font-rendering question. « WordPress Support
		Arial doesn't seem to have an en or em dash.
		em dash — (a harder break than a comma but less than a period)
		However, a keyboard doesn't have an en-dash or em-dash, it only has a hyphen, and others may not know what they are.
	wordpress.org /support/topic/27265 (428 words)

	Dashing Through the Snow
		I have received several questions regarding the ubiquitous dash, and have decided to devote an entire article on the topic.
		Dashes and hyphens are two different little lines.
		A hyphen links the parts of a compound word, separates syllables at the end of a typed line, and separates groups of digits in a phone number or Social Security number.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/english_grammar_style/86034 (354 words)

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