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Topic: Embryophyte

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	embryophyte \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		The embryophytes are the most familiar group of plants.
		With very few exceptions, embryophytes obtain their energy through photosynthesis (that is, by absorbing light); and they synthesize their food from carbon dioxide.
		Furthermore, embryophytes are primarily adapted for life on land, although some are secondarily aquatic.
	www.babylon.com /definition/embryophyte (101 words)

	Plants - Groups : Embryophyte - HydroponicSearch.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The embryophytes are the most familiar group of plants, including trees, flowers, ferns, mosses, and various others.
		Further, embryophytes are primarily adapted for life on land, although some are secondarily aquatic.
		In the first embryophytes, however, the sporophytes became very different in structure and function, remaining small and dependent on the parent for their entire brief life.
	www.hydroponicsearch.com /Explore_the_Science_of_Hydroponics/Plants/Plants_-_Groups_:_Embryophyte (0 words)

	PALYNOLOGY DEFINITIONS
		In embryophyte spores these are the monolete or trilete laesura.
		SCULPTURE: the external texture or pollen grains and spores.
		EMBRYOPHYTE SPORES: A wide variety of microscopic unicellular reproductive cells developing into gametophytes.
	www.geo.arizona.edu /palynology/ppalydef.html (0 words)

	Palaeos Plants: Plants p.2
		Embryophytes are mostly land plants, and it was the ability of plants to live on land that allowed all the other branches of life to live on land as well.
		Embryophytes (including liverworts) have the following synapomorphies: 1) a life cycle with alternation of generations 2) apical cell growth (some kind of meristem-like growth organization), 3) cuticle (needed to control water loss on land), 4) antheridia (male gametophyte organs), and 5) archegonia (female gametophyte organs).
		The Embryophytes, then, are plants with an alternation of generations and some ability to live on land.
	www.palaeos.com /Plants/default.2.htm (2448 words)

	Charales
		The Charales are an order of green algae, and are believed to be the closest relatives of the embryophyte plants.
		They are branched, multicellular green algae that grow in fresh water.
		Its antheridia[?] and oogonia[?] are protected by a layer of sterile cells when mature, and have the most complex structure of all green algae.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ch/Charales.html (89 words)

	Botany 2004 - Abstract Search
		These spores of cryptic parentage are called cryptospores, and the definition of this term has become controversial with the discovery of Middle Cambrian terrestrial microfossil assemblages from across North America.
		Some would choose to limit the term to embryophyte spores of uncertain affinities, while others would prefer to include spores whose placement on either side of the algal/embryophyte is equivocal.
		The growing ultrastructural record of modern embryophytes and cryptospores is beginning to shed some light on just how far back it might be possible to trace embryophyte spores based on ultrastructure, and this talk will summarize this evidence and place it in a phylogenetic context.
	www.2004.botanyconference.org /engine/search/index.php?func=detail&aid=240 (181 words)

	Embryophyte - CreationWiki, the encyclopedia of creation science
		All embryophytes grow in moist environments, water to disperse their spores.
		Because this group is a big part of plant, so it lives almost everywhere.
		They have vascular tissues, they can live everywhere if there is water.
	creationwiki.org /Embryophytes (0 words)

	Lee, Jungho* and J.R. Manhart. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		We have characterised the chloroplast genomes of green plants (an ulvophyte, a prasinophyte, charophyte lineages, and embryophyte lineages), and we found that known embryophyte unique operons and introns originated not from early embryophytes but from a charophyte ancestor (The chloroplast genomic maps of Coleochaete and Spirogyra will be presented).
		In a phylogeny produced from the evolution of operons, genes, and introns, basal charophytes do not contain introns found in the more derived charophytes, and the most derived charophytes and all embryophytes are defined by the presence of clpP and 3’ rps12 operons containing trans-splicing rps12.
		We discuss here the likely charophyte sister to embryophytes and the Antithetic hypothesis of embryophyte origin.
	www.botany2001.org /section5/abstracts/34.shtml (162 words)

	Embryophyte at AllExperts
		Embryophytes developed from complex green algae (Chlorophyta) during the Paleozoic era.
		All of the above 'bryophytes' are relatively small and are usually confined to moist environments, relying on water to disperse their spores.
		Some authors have restricted the kingdom Plantae to include only embryophytes, others have given them various names and ranks.
	en.allexperts.com /e/e/em/embryophyte.htm (705 words)

	Liverworts on the Green Tree of Life
		The three bryophyte groups (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) share a haploid-dominant life and unbranched sporophytes, traits that appear to be plesiotypic within the land plants (embryophytes).
		Early phylogenetic studies of this problem converged on liverworts as the sister group to the rest of the embryophytes (Mishler and Churchill, 1984 [morphology], Mishler et al., 1994 [nuclear DNA and morphology], Lewis et al., 1997 [chloroplast DNA]).
		The placement of bryophytes in the embryophyte phylogeny is important for interpreting the evolution of many important and fundamental plant characteristics including stomata, IAA (auxin) conjugation, chloroplast morphology, and sperm morphology.
	www.biology.duke.edu /bryology/LiToL/LwtsonGreenTree.html (664 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| A systematic search for positive selection in higher plants (Embryophytes)
		The 10 most populated nodes in the Embryophyte tree of life are shown together with the fraction of identical four- fold degenerate codons for all pairwise comparisons linked by that speciation node and also with the number of species in TAED under that node.
		In Table 2 we show ratios of identical four- fold degenerate codons for the 10 most populated nodes in the embryophyte tree of life in a pairwise analysis.
		In the future, more embryophyte genomes will be fully sequenced and this will be reflected in the database that was used for this study.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2229/6/12 (6703 words)

	GEOL 331
		In more primitive embryophytes, regions of the gametophyte known as antheridia and archegonia produce sperm and ova respectively.
		The need for the sperm to reach the ova under their own power imposed a powerful constraint on the earliest embryophytes: Their gametophyte generation had to grow in moist environments.
		Apparently, in the ancestral embryophyte, the gametophyte generation was emphasized and the sporophyte generation was relatively ephemeral.
	www.geol.umd.edu /~tholtz/G331/lectures/331plant.html (1980 words)

	The Adaptive Evolution Database (TAED): a phylogeny based tool for comparative genomics -- Roth et al. 33 (Supplement ...
		The embryophyte families vary in size from 2 to 1701 members,
		>> 1 in embryophytes and 505 branches of 381
		embryophytes and olfactory receptors (16), primate leptin (13),
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/33/suppl_1/D495 (0 words)

	Green plants
		Specifically, Chara and related algae (Order Charales) and Coleochaete and related algae (Order Coleochaetales) are probably the closest living "green algal" relatives of land plants.
		Ultrastructural and morphological studies were the first to support the relationship of these orders of green algae to land plants (embryophytes) (Pickett-Heaps, 1975; Mishler and Churchill, 1985; Graham et al., 1991).
		The orders were all placed in the class Charophyceae (Mattox and Stewart, 1984) and retained within the green algae (Division Chlorophyta in the classical sense [Bold and Wynne, 1985].
	tolweb.org /Green_plants/2382 (0 words)

	Definition of embryophyte - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Learn more about "embryophyte" and related topics at Britannica.com
		Find more about "embryophyte" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "embryophyte" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.merriamwebster.com /dictionary/embryophyte (50 words)

	Plants delivered to St. Louis city and Saint Louis county (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Informally, other creatures that carry out photosynthesis are called plants as well, but they do not constitute a formal taxon.
		The embryophytes developed from green algae; the two groups are collectively referred to as the green plants or Viridiplantae.
		Unlike embryophytes and algae, fungi are not photosynthetic, but are saprotrophs: obtaining food by breaking down and
	www.stlouisflorist.net /plants-2.html (2040 words)

	Abstract 3537 from Intl. Bot. Congress 1999
		We here describe a new fossil embryophyte of Emsian age (ca.
		The axes are cuticularized, but lack recognizable vascular tissue and stomata.
		Regardless of precise interpretation, these fossils represent a major new embryophyte clade.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/ibc99/ibc/abstracts/listen/abstracts/3537.html (147 words)

	Review of Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes- Common Links between each groupof Plants
		The embryophytes and one group of algae, the green algae (the chlorophyta) share the same characteristics: Chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids as photosynthetic pigments, starch as a storage product, cellulose cell walls, and whiplash flagella in pairs which are apical or sub-apical.
		Within the green algae, there is a class called the Charophyceae which is believed to be closely related to the embryophytes because they tend to be oogamous and have phragmoplastic cell division which are also traits found in the embryophytes.
		The Bryophytes are non-vascular embryophytes, meaning that they have true archegonia, alternation of Generations, and true parenchyma.
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /courses/biopl241/real.html (675 words)

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