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Topic: Emergent behavior

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	Emergent Behavior
		Behavior of a system that is not explicitly described by the behavior of the components of the system, and is therefore unexpected to a designer or observer.
		The book TurtlesTermitesAndTrafficJams is about emergent behavior, and studies of it using a parallel logo implementation called StarLogo.
		The "summed" flight behavior of 100 birds held in isolation from one another is different from their behavior when they're together in a flock because the behavior of each bird in the latter case is interdependent on the state of the others.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?EmergentBehavior (3351 words)

	Emergence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One reason why emergent behaviour occurs is that the number of interactions between components of a system increases combinatorially with the number of components, thus potentially allowing for many new and subtle types of behaviour to emerge.
		Emergent structures are a favorite strategy found in many animal groups: colonies of ants, piles of termites, swarms of bees, flocks of birds, herds of mammals, shoals/schools of fish, and packs of wolves.
		Emergent processes or behaviours can be seen in many places, from any multicellular biological organism to traffic patterns, cities or organizational phenomena in computer simulations and cellular automata.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emergence (2528 words)

	Learn more about Cognition in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This is a force for self-organizing behavior; thus we have the opportunity to see samples of emergent behavior at each successive level, from individual, to groups of individuals, to formal organizations, to societies.
		At this level, an 'emergent behavior' might be identified with coping with the effects of industrialization, together with a specialization, where an individual can cooperate with another.
		In this case, an example of an 'emergent behavior' might perhaps be the use of the mass media to publicize inequities in the human condition, perhaps using highly portable cameras and telephones.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /c/co/cognition.html (1133 words)

	Mark A. Bedau \| Full Paper \| Emergent Models
		The success of emergent models of supple dynamics in artificial life suggests that we might be able to explain the mind's supple dynamics if we could devise models of mental phenomena with an analogous emergent architecture.
		Instead, each individual boid's behavior is determined by three simple rules that key off of a boid's neighbors: seek to maintain a certain minimum distance from nearby boids, seek to match the speed and direction of nearby boids, and seek to steer toward the center of gravity of nearby boids.
		On the one hand, emergent functionalism is not architecture independent; the central tenet of the view is that the mind's supple adaptive dynamics essentially requires a certain kind of emergent architecture.
	people.reed.edu /~mab/publications/papers/emergent-models.html (8624 words)

	anthony.liekens.net » Work » Emergent Behavior (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The emergent behavior of a group of individuals is inherently and implicitly defined by the system, as it is given by the individual rule base, and the combination of these rules when many individuals are put together.
		Emergent behavior is obvious used as a term to denote the behavior of your system that you did not expect.
		When the emergent behavior is first detected, it is often a surprising result from a simulation, mostly of a large set of individuals following their rules, put together in this one simulation.
	anthony.liekens.net /index.php/Work/EmergentBehavior (834 words)

	Emergent Architecture
		The most interesting thing about cellular development, as is evident in the behavior of stem cells, is that although cell growth patterns are directed by encoded DNA pathways, their specialization is triggered by environmental factors as well as by the behavior of neighbor cells.
		While this contrast seems to be a dangerous behavior in the deep sea, it turns out that the jellies predators live at lower depths, and that the interference pattern created by the bacteria and the motion of its combs works as a stealthing mechanism.
		EMERGENT’s approach is informed by contemporary models of biology and systems theory rather than by the arts, toward an architecture based on structural pattern formation and emergent behavior.
	www.emergentarchitecture.com /about.php?id=1 (1975 words)

	Intelligence as an Emergent Behavior or, The Songs of Eden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It would be very convenient if intelligence were an emergent behavior of randomly connected neurons in the same sense that snowflakes and whirlpools are the emergent behaviors of water molecules.
		The emergent phenomena can be created without understanding the details of the forces between the molecules or the equations that describe the flow of the fluid.
		The emergent behaviors exhibited by these systems are a consequence of the simple underlying rules, which are defined by the program.
	www.kurzweilai.net /articles/art0463.html?printable=1 (7515 words)

	crg@utk:publications: AIChE 2000 Halow abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Traffic flow and the behavior of biological systems such as ant colonies are the most frequently referenced examples of collective and emergent behavior.
		Emergent collective behavior is shown to arise, consistent with observed experimental behaviors of fluidized beds.
		Other behavior predicted by this model is the tendency to form preferred paths much like the "rat-holing" observed in cohesive-powder beds and like slugging in small beds.
	www-chaos.engr.utk.edu /abs/abs-aiche2000halow.html (373 words)

	SSIE504 - Introduction to Artificial Life
		Kauffman[1993] calls for a new statistical mechanics to understand the behavior of self-organizing computational structures, in other words, new higher-level parameters (with physical analogues such as temperature) must be developed to understand self-organizing, emergent, behavior regarding some observer's interest.
		These attractors may be chaotic in which case the emergent behavior becomes too disorganized to grasp (disorganized complexity), though still self-organizing since chaotic attractors tend to be restricted to small volumes of their state-space (e.g.
		The behavior of interest is often found in the transition between order and chaos -- edge of chaos-- and classified as a kind of organized complexity [Weaver, 1948].
	www.informatics.indiana.edu /rocha/ss504_34.html (2862 words)

	Wide Awake Developers: 03/01/2002 - 03/31/2002
		Emergent behavior is what happens when your program goes off the rails.
		The thing is, emergent behavior is where all the really interesting things happen.
		We can study the behaviors produced by various systems and designs to build a compendium of factors that are likely to facilitate one class of behavior or another.
	webpages.charter.net /mtnygard/2002_03_01_archives.html (1414 words)

	Emergent Behavior (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Emergent behavior is a global pattern or behavior that arises in a system of entities each acting based on simple rules that describe its interactions with its surroundings.
		The behavior which emerges from these rules is flocking; the animals (called boids) will travel in a large mass, even though this is not immediately obvious from the rules.
		This type of behavior is interesting because if a system is designed to exhibit emergent behavior, it is likely to be scaleable and fault tolerant, as there is no centralized control.
	www.cs.hmc.edu /~sheidkam/project/emergent.html (154 words)

	Artificial Life: How can it Impact Manufacturing Practices of the Future?
		The behavior of an individual or a group is studied focusing on what makes it intelligent and adaptive and how it may emerge.
		Formation of paths that ants follow to carry food are emergent behaviors as a result of local interactions of individual ants.
		This emergent behavior is a result of asynchronously executing processes without a central control.
	web.umr.edu /~ersoy/ierc2003.html (4133 words)

	Terrarium: Was it ever complex enough to demonstrate emergent behavior? - Justin Rogers
		Emergent behavior can be defined by a behvior that wasn't expressly defined but appears as a result of the interaction between several simpler behaviors.
		Yet another emergent behavior allowed by the engine was the ability to attack first, then move out of range to avoid the incoming attack.
		The end result of emergent behavior though, is that once a behavior is identified it sometimes becomes apparent that it needs to be a base behavior.
	weblogs.asp.net /Justin_Rogers/archive/2004/03/04/84234.aspx (1149 words)

	RMCybernetics - Cybernetics - Emergent Behavior
		Emergent behavior can be defined as characteristic behaviors that emerge from a complex system such as a piece of software or machinery.
		These behaviors often give the impression that there is intelligence behind them, driving them to do the things that we observe.
		Only over multiple generations will the emergent behaviors become apparent and we will see groups of preds moving together and exhibiting behaviors different to that of other groups.
	www.rmcybernetics.com /science/cybernetics/ai_emergent_behavior.htm (504 words)

	Emergence- ADTmag.com
		In his book, Johnson defines five principles for emergent systems: More is different, ignorance is useful, encourage random encounters, look for patterns in the signs, and pay attention to your neighbors.
		Emergent behavior comes from many actors randomly interacting with one another and behaving according to a simple set of rules.
		The end emergent behavior is the creation of numerous self-sustaining communities of interest.
	www.adtmag.com /print.asp?id=6312 (1224 words)

	[No title]
		Such @i[emergent behavior] is seen everywhere in living systems, such as in the simple rules followed by flocks of birds which lead to apparently complex overall behavior of the flock.
		The richness of the resulting behavior, and the success of, for example, the subsumption architecture in creating robotic behavior that is both more robust and more "intelligent" appearing than traditional control produces, argues that the emergent properties of having many simple pieces interacting in deliberately nonlinear ways has great potential.
		This approach will presumably be a rather interdisciplinary one, possibly taking advantage of work by Minsky and Brooks in their emergent behavior paradigms, the work done by various members of the Media Lab in Artificial Life, and work in LCS by Clark and others in network protocol design.
	www.mit.edu /afs/sipb/user/foner/objective.mss (996 words)

	competition
		Emergent behavior is behavior that looks complex and/or purposeful to the observer but is actually derived spontaneously from fairly simple rules.
		Emergent behavior can be found everywhere, from the shoaling habits of fish and ant foraging behavior to the ebbs and flows of traffic tailbacks and the growth of animal societies.
		The second describes emergent behavior arising from groups of entities that have no awareness of any others in the group.
	www.ai-junkie.com /competition.htm (922 words)

	Collective Behavior and Social Movements
		It depends on the behavior and interaction of various groups such as victims, spectators, exploiters, and professional and volunteer rescue workers (who may not have worked together before); the extent of resources made available by various levels of government, private groups, or a concerned public, as well as natural conditions such as wind and temperature.
		Their behavior is generally not pre-specified by the dimensions in Table I. Those present are unlikely to be bound together by membership in the same formal organization, nor membership in the same informal primary group networks.
		There may be a tendency to explain the behavior of groups the researcher supports in light of high principal, ideology, social conditions, and grievances that "naturally call forth protest," and to ignore mixed motives, psychological factors, and discrediting behavior.
	web.mit.edu /gtmarx/www/cbchap1.html (10787 words)

	News & Features: In silica emergence and function of Listeria's actin-appropriative motility mechanism
		Broadly defined, emergent behavior is when a collection of individuals interact without central control to produce results that are not explicitly programmed.
		Their “ in silico^ ” reconstitution, which considers the behavior of individual actin filaments and requires a cluster of 80 computer processors to be run for several days at a time, produces realistic bacterial motion in terms of speed and persistence, and models the actin tail shape.
		We can determine the emergent behavior of the system, which is the dynamical outcome of all the particular interactions, only by running the computer program for many hours or days.
	www.iscid.org /boards/ubb-get_topic-f-1-t-000218.html (2242 words)

	Consciousness and mind as emergent phenomena or emergent properties of the brain
		A frequently used materialist argument against the existence of the mind as a non-physical continuum is to claim that it is an 'emergent property' or 'emergent phenomenon' of the brain.
		Emergent properties are usually properties that are more easily understood in their own right than in terms of properties at a lower level.
		So we can dismiss all claims that consciousness, mind and awareness are emergent properties of matter or brains, because we need the presence of a mind for emergent properties and phenomena to appear in the first place.
	home.btclick.com /scimah/emergent.htm (2340 words)

	Langdon2
		This section is dedicated to research on emergent behavior using agent-based IS and laboratory experiments following the tradition of laboratory empirical analysis established by Smith (1962).
		The study of emergent behavior is the subject of many disciplines, with examples that include physics, economics, and the management sciences.
		The behavior of firms and their interaction is based on micro-economic cost theory and the theory of non-cooperative games.
	www.agentbasedis.org /Research/EmergeBv/eb_index.htm (1453 words)

	Burke Emergence Proposal
		Emergent phenomena are shaped by iterative feedback loops, incorporating both positive and negative feedback, and typically involve autonomous agents acting on a background environment using a set of specified, simple rules that are associated with those agents.
		One of the practical dilemmas that existing software platforms like NetLogo or Mathematica that are used to test or explore emergent phenomena often confront is their relative simplicity compared to the vast majority of real complex systems that researchers have regarded as potentially characterized by emergent dynamics or principles in their development.
		I would like to use emergent simulations to achieve the same effects for counterfactual scholarship, to open up the possibility of the unexpected, and to use the results as part of a new approach to counterhistorical writing.
	www.swarthmore.edu /SocSci/tburke1/emergenceproposal.html (2554 words)

	Vonny: Emergence
		I am personally fascinated by the relatively new field of study of complexity and emergent behavior, although I am the first to admit I am an absolute beginner in my understanding of what has been done at the cutting edge over the last ten to twenty years.
		In fact, the emergent behavior is typically not predictable with only the rules of the individual components of a larger system.
		All of the following are examples of emergent behavior I’ve come across in some of the literature devoted to the study of complex systems.
	vonscience.blogspot.com /2005/10/emergence.html (1976 words)

	i d e a n t: Is morality an emergent behavior?
		In other words, if morality is an emergent behavior, then it must be true that a moral actor has no global knowledge or understanding of the system (the universe) as a whole, or even of morality as itself a concept.
		Of course, maybe it is not an emergent behavior among humans, but among memes: moral reciprocity has memetic properties which make it extremely good for the survival of populations, if not necessarily of individuals in all situations.
		In any event, none of these scenarios where moral reciprocity is emergent require moral actors to use intuition, as long as they are evolutionarily selecting for good survival strategies (and memes are evolutionarily selecting for survival strategies of their own).
	ideant.typepad.com /ideant/2005/01/is_morality_an_.html (4790 words)

	Complexity International
		Underlying many kinds of emergent behavior in biology are the critical changes in connectivity that occur, as links increase between the elements of a system.
		The behavior of systems with near-critical connectivity is essentially chaotic and may be an important source of variety in biology.
		The famous pattern formed by the automaton is associated with the switchover between two extreme behaviors of the automaton - spiralling inwards to the origin versus spiralling outwards indefinitely.
	www.complexity.org.au /ci/vol01/green01/html (4113 words)

	Mischiefblog » Blog Archive » Unmanagable projects and emergent behavior (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It seems to me that most of emergent behavior occurs because code has passed a threshold of manageability.
		Before that point, the developers and project manager can keep the overall structure of the code, many details, and interactions in their heads–changes can be effectively gauged for impact and solutions developed to resolve many foreseen problems.
		While some expressions might be amusing (especially in on-line games), emergent behavior is best described as a mutation in the code, and as in biology, most mutations simply aren’t viable.
	www.mischiefbox.com /blog/index.php?p=96 (735 words)

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