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Topic: Emergentism

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	Emergentism - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In philosophy, emergentism is the belief in emergence, particularly as it involves consciousness and the philosophy of mind, and as it contrasts with reductionism.
		Emergentism involves a layered view of nature, with the layers arranged in terms of increasing complexity and each corresponding to its own special science.
		The existence of emergent qualities thus described is something to be noted, as some would say, under the compulsion of brute empirical fact, or, as I should prefer to say in less harsh terms, to be accepted with the “natural piety” of the investigator.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Emergentism (542 words)

	Emergentism
		I am inclined to agree with the assessment that emergentism is a coherent theory, but I can't see that Broad or McLaughlin has shown this, at least if this is taken to mean that it represents a metaphysical possibility (and not merely is not self-contradictory).
		Now the rough idea behind emergentism seems to be the denial of the general principle that the whole can be fully explained in terms of the parts, or, to put the matter in more metaphysical terms, the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
		To put it another way, emergentism claims that 'the whole is greater than the sum of the parts,' but this is impossible because 'the whole' only exists in the eye of the beholder.
	home.sprynet.com /~owl1/emergenc.htm (2026 words)

	Emergentism -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Emergentism involves a layered view of nature, with the layers arranged in terms of increasing (The quality of being intricate and compounded) complexity and each corresponding to its own special science.
		According to Mill, emergent properties are not subject to this law, but instead amount to more than the sums of the properties of their parts.
		The existence of emergent qualities thus described is something to be noted, as some would say, under the compulsion of brute empirical fact, or, as I should prefer to say in less harsh terms, to be accepted with the “natural piety” of the investigator.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/E/Em/Emergentism.htm (685 words)

	Emergent Properties
		Predictive: Emergent properties are systemic features of complex systems which could not be predicted (practically speaking; or for any finite knower; or for even an ideal knower) from the standpoint of a pre-emergent stage, despite a thorough knowledge of the features of, and laws governing, their parts.
		If the emergent properties are there and are in fact (partly) causally responsible for the novel behavior, then they are not epiphenomenal, even if there are empirically adequate descriptions of the trajectories of microscopic entities constituting such behavior that do not refer to them.
		Do emergent features necessarily appear in all systems attaining a requisite level of complexity, or is this at best a contingent fact?) Nor does he indicate a position on the nature of causation itself, an issue that is crucial to understanding what the nonsupervenience of causal powers amounts to.
	setis.library.usyd.edu.au /stanford/archives/sum2004/entries/properties-emergent (8641 words)

	UvT: Dr. M. V. P. Slors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Classic emergentism is the doctrine, espoused most notably in the 1920's by Morgan (1923), Alexander (1920), and Broad (1925), according to which complex systems exhibit 'higher-level' properties that are neither explainable, nor predictable from 'lower-level' (micro)physical properties, while they nevertheless have causal and hence explanatory efficacy.
		Emergentism was invented to accommodate the fact that physics appeared unable to explain chemical bonding, vital activity, and mental processes, without invoking non-physical substances.
		The price that is paid for this clarity, however, is a weakening of the radical non-reductivism implied by emergentism: the clearer one is about the systematic interconnections between, for instance, psychology and physics, the closer one moves towards articulating the necessary and sufficient conditions for psychological states in physical terms-i.e.
	www.uvt.nl /faculteiten/fww/organisatie/secties/akw/slors.html.print (2571 words)

	Panpsychism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		It is this that explains the lack of interest in panpsychism, emergentism etc. that sets in after the Presocratics and lasts until the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century with its renewed interest in comprehensive naturalistic accounts of the world.
		Nonetheless, the epistemological form of emergentism is highly congenial to common interpretations of complexity in modern science and is usually what is meant in modern discussions of emergence.
		It is clear from the way that James develops his version of the combination problem that he is presupposing a metaphysics of part-whole reductionism such that the properties of the whole are no more than the sum or combined effect of the properties of the parts, in which the parts entirely retain their identities.
	docs.happycoders.org /orgadoc/cognitive_science/stanford_encyclopedia_of_philosophy/plato.stanford.edu/entries/panpsychism (10881 words)

	Emergentism - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In philosophy, emergentism is the belief in emergence, particularly as it involves consciousness and the philosophy of mind, and as it contrasts with reductionism.
		More rigorously, a property P of composite object O is emergent if it's metaphysically possible for another object to lack property P even if that object is composed of parts with intrinsic properites identical to those in O and has those parts in an identical configuration.
		Emergentism involves a layered view of nature, with the layers arranged in terms of increasing complexity and each corresponding to its own special science.
	www.free-definition.com /Emergentism.html (545 words)

	Emergent Properties (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Predictive: Emergent properties are systemic features of complex systems which could not be predicted (practically speaking; or for any finite knower; or for even an ideal knower) from the standpoint of a pre-emergent stage, despite a thorough knowledge of the features of, and laws governing, their parts.
		Emergent laws are fundamental; they are irreducible to laws characterizing properties at lower levels of complexity, even given ideal information as to boundary conditions.
		Do emergent features necessarily appear in all systems attaining a requisite level of complexity, or is this at best a contingent fact?) Nor does he indicate a position on the nature of causation itself, an issue that is crucial to understanding what the nonsupervenience of causal powers amounts to.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/properties-emergent (8840 words)

	Maverick Philosopher Could Intentionality Emerge? Emergentism as Dualism
		A grain of sand is not a heap.
		Since emergentism is a form of dualism, albeit not a form of substance dualism, it cannot be used to make sense of Dennett's position which eschews as unscientific every sort of dualism, not just substance dualism.
		Emergentism may be a kind of dualism, but it strikes me as a very different flavor of dualism than the type that gets Dennett’s (and my) dander up.
	maverickphilosopher.powerblogs.com /posts/1120601314.shtml (2796 words)

	THE CONCEPT OF EMERGENCE
		As he sees it, the emergentist who speaks of emergent laws is able to swallow this absurdity because he mistakes a "whole hierarchy of different laws" -- each of which, according to Pepper, describes "the same natural regularities" -- for a "ladder of cosmic regularities." Pepper does not develop this point.
		Theoretically, to be sure, the emergent law may be thought of either as a function of new variables or as a new function of C-level variables.
		Thus, the supposed emergents a and b "have to be included among the total set of variables described by the lower level functional relation; they have to drop down and take their place among the lower level variables as elements in a lower level shift" (pp.
	www.ditext.com /sellars/ce.html (4247 words)

	University of Vermont (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Emergentism of this sort (sometimes called strong emergentism) is often regarded as having next to no scientific credibility.
		Supposing that M1 were such an emergent property, M1 could then cause P2 in such a way that P2 is no longer governed by the ordinary microphysical laws, but instead by laws that take into account the special characteristics of the emergent properties (or no laws at all).
		For an the emergent property’s capacity for altering the ordinary microphysical laws would not be predictable from a microphysical base given knowledge of only these ordinary laws.
	www.uvm.edu /philosophy?Page=pereboom/aajp.htm (9403 words)

	Articles - Panpsychism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Panpsychism and emergentism can be seen as alternative ways to bridge the more extreme positions of crude reductionism and crude holism.
		Emergentism claims that though the particles be mindless, some systems formed by them, and by nothing but them, do possess mental attributes.
		However, the goal-directed behavior of the biosphere, as explained by the Gaia theory, is an emergent function of organised, living matter, not a quality of any matter.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Panpsychism (682 words)

	The Relationship of Dialectics and Emergentism
		Emergentism, a notion put forward by the theory of self-organisation, introduces the idea that the whole is more than the sum of its parts: The parts are a necessary condition for the whole, but not a sufficient one.
		Emergent Evolution deals with emergent qualities of systems that occur at an evolutionary transition from one organisational level to another.
		Emergentism and Dialectics are closely related: Emergence shows dialectical aspects because old system qualities are preserved (2) in the form of new ones and the system is lifted to a new level/state (3) by the emergence of new qualities.
	cartoon.iguw.tuwien.ac.at:16080 /christian/infoso/dialecticsemergence.html (1983 words)

	ACEnetica: Reductionism versus emergentism
		The issue of reductionism versus emergentism amounts to whether you model your experimental observations in terms of underlying causes (this is reductionism), or whether you directly model the experimental observations in terms of themselves (this is emergentism).
		Reductionism and emergentism are really the same thing, except that they have a different view about what the fundamental degrees of freedom are.
		Reductionism explains experimental observations in terms of degrees of freedom that are at a deeper level than the experimental observations, whereas emergentism regards the deepest level as being the level at which the experimental observations are made.
	acenetica.blogspot.com /2005/09/reductionism-versus-emergentism.html (640 words)

	Ming the Mechanic: Ratcliffe on Emergentism
		Emergentism, which seeks to gather together the lessons of the streets in densely connected societies with the organizational ideas developed as the Internet became the predominant system for global communication in government and business.
		It will consider the role of the citizen, what is required of the citizen and how the existing states and new entities can organize to provide for the needs of a citizen who participates both directly and indirectly in the social decisions of their world.
		Business and economics' place in the emergent world will be incorporated into a worldview that seeks to address the power of individual or collective generosity and greed.
	ming.tv /flemming2.php?did=10&vid=10&xmode=show_article&amode=standard&aoffset=0&artid=000010-000802&time=1053696580 (667 words)

	Hazards of (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		A material reductionist’s use of emergence accepts that emergent behavioral properties or processes are, in principle, reducible to physico-chemical properties and processes at foundational levels, although how the emergence occurs may not be readily obvious from what is currently known about the physico-chemical properties and processes.
		Emergentism: The doctrine that mental processes possess a character sui generis by virtue of which they are antecedently unpredictable, are creatively rather than mechanically explained, and are radically different from physico-chemical phenomena.
		said "yes" for all three but with some equivocation for emergents, their responses for both respondents and operants were always the same for each other and were always the opposite of their corresponding responses for emergents; (b) a column was added to show my responses to their emergents.
	htpprints.yorku.ca /archive/00000011/00/HOE.htm (3853 words)

	Brainstorms: Etiological Epicureanism and Intelligent Design
		Weak emergence means that the emergent properties can be deduced from the constituent parts and their relations.
		Strong emergentism, on the other hand, means that the emergent properties or features are unpredictable in principle given the lower-level properties.
		Hence, given the truth of the ENNF principle and thus the falsity of strong emergentism, the source of all the complexity we find around and in us is either contained in laws of nature that are primitive and/or the product of intelligent design.
	www.iscid.org /boards/ubb-get_topic-f-6-t-000005.html (6666 words)

	Research Interests
		The limitations of this explanatory approach are often characterized as 'poverty of the stimulus' or 'underdetermination by the input'.
		Linguistic emergentism assumes that language use and acquisition emerge from basic processes that are not specific to language (for further discussion see Ellis, 1998, 2003; Ellis and Larsen-Freeman, 2006; MacWhinney, 1997, 1998; O'Grady, 2005).
		Linguistic emergentism has much in common with a number of other approaches to the study of language and language acquisition, including chaos complexity/complex systems theory (e.g., Larsen-Freeman, 1997), cognitive linguistics (e.g., Robinson and Ellis, in press), dynamic systems theory (e.g., De Bot, Lowie, and Verspoor, 2007) and usage-based theories (e.g., Tomasello, 2003).
	www.sfu.ca /~dmellow/int.html (1316 words)

	Ralph Dumain: "The Autodidact Project": Emergence Blog: 23 Feb 2005 - 3 June 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Tracking emergentism and its constellation of issues is another way of tracking the philosophical dualisms that pervade our intellectual culture and the legitimate and mystifying ways in which scientists and philosophers attempt to transcend them.
		In line with the issue of mystification is the notion of alienated consciousness and social existence of technical specialists, which may be manifested in their intellectual work, and/or in the face they present to the general public.
		A search for emergentism in Marxism would be better served by reinvestigating the methods of Hegel (his Logics) and of Marx (Practice, or, better, labour practice) for the mechanics and process whereby they derive emergent complex moments from simpler prior conditions.
	www.autodidactproject.org /my/emergence-blog-03.html (13156 words)

	HubLog: Principles of Emergent Democracy
		I feel that Mitch Ratcliffe's Principles of Emergentism goes fundamentally adrift in the middle section, as it gets dragged into voting proxies and decision making.
		The beauty of emergent democracy, to my mind, is its inherent lack of organisation.
		* Emergentism is politics for the people by the people that transcends national boundaries, cultural and ethnic differences, religious dogma and personal prejudice by identifying shared interests and facilitating collaboration using modern communications and transportation.
	hublog.hubmed.org /archives/000339.html (304 words)

	[No title]
		Emergentism and the Main Argument If, in premise A2, A is a mental property and B is some physical property, it should be clear that emergentism is the direct denial of A2.
		This is no refutation of emergentism (or any other religious beliefs), but the emergentist must give up the rhetorical ground of contrasting physicalist views with other views on the grounds that the former are “rational” and “scientific” while the latter are “religious”, “armchair” or “spooky”.
		Emergentism and metaphysical supervenience are what you get when give up on compositive explanation but hold onto physicalist metaphysics.
	shorst.web.wesleyan.edu /mwn/Nov02/16_MysteryAndEmergence.doc (6358 words)

	Emergence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The theory of emergence Now the rough idea behind emergentism seems to be the denial of the general principle that the whole can be fully explained in terms of the parts, or, to put the matter in more metaphysical terms, the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
		If this is an argument for emergence, then it certainly sounds as if emergence is the phenomenon in virtue of which properties of a whole at a given time do not logically follow from properties of the parts at that time.
		(p63; emphasis in original) He wants to avoid the trivialization of the theory of emergence that would make even, e.g., mass, turn out to be emergent since to infer the mass of a whole from the mass of its constituents requires a contingent principle of the additivity of mass.
	www.user-friendly.net /articles/emergence.htm (1855 words)

	The Mediaburn Radio Weblog
		Because the lower cost of communications and the logistical infrastructures available around the world allows groups to address their own needs or the needs of others in more efficient and targeted ways, it is no longer necessary for majority rule to dominate all social, economic and political decisions.
		Emergentism is politics for the people by the people that transcends national boundaries, cultural and ethnic differences, religious dogma and personal prejudice by identifying shared interests and facilitating collaboration using modern communications and transportation.
		It is virtual community embedded in a physical world with its eyes wide open to the realities of emerging global and local identities that have less to do with people[base ']s locations and more to do with what they care about than the past.
	radio.weblogs.com /0108026/2003/05/20.html (541 words)

	HYPER-emergentism by Chris Burgett
		This article doesn’t sum up everything we need to do, every thought that should be expressed in the emergent conversation, nor do I claim to have all the answers.
		Just have an unchurched person walk in and interrupt their service, knocking a hole in their roof so to speak, and see how passionate they really are about people or tradition.
		I’ve seen church billboards announcing that they are having a “Taize Service”, but I can’t help but wonder if they are doing it because it’s a fad that might help them grow of if they are doing it to get their hands dirty helping raw people.
	www.ginkworld.net /yourvoice/essays/hyper-emergentism.html (1817 words)

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