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Topic: Emergy

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	eMergy Evaluation
		For example: solar emergy is in units of solar emjoules, coal emergy in units of coal emjoules, and electrical emergy in units of electrical emjoules.
		To include emergy in a simulation model, three emergy evaluation equations are added for each state variable: one for periods of storage growth, one for periods of unchanging storage, and one for periods of declining storage.
		Useful emergy indices for comparing states and nations include: emergy use per person, fraction of emergy that is electrical power, emergy self sufficiency, net benefit from foreign exchange, ratio of economic emergy/free emergy, and emergy signature (graph of emergy inputs versus transformity).
	dieoff.org /page170.htm (3137 words)

	Conservation Ecology: Understanding complex human ecosystems: the case of ecotourism on Bonaire
		Emergy is the "energy memory" (emergy) of all prior work contributed by ecosystems, global processes, and human systems.
		EMERGY ANALYSES OF The case study for this paper was an interdisciplinary study conducted on the island of Bonaire in the Netherlands Antilles (Abel 2000).
		Households with lower emergy flows and storages are placed further to the left, and those with large flows and storages are placed to the right.
	www.ecologyandsociety.org /vol7/iss3/art10/main.html (5268 words)

	Pubs.GISS: Odum et al. 2000. 'Emergy evaluation of reforestation alternatives in Puerto Rico' (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Emergy and its economic equivalent, emdollars, put the contributions of environmental work and human services on a comparable basis.
		This article shows the emergy method for evaluating forest contributions to public benefit and its use to select alternatives for reforestation.
		After energy systems diagrams were made for each reforestation alternative, data were assembled and evaluation tables prepared that estimated the emergy required for: (1) canopy closure and (2) developing species complexity if left unharvested.
	pubs.giss.nasa.gov /abstracts/2000/Odum_etal.html (267 words)

	Environmental Law
		Emergy synthesis uniquely relies on the "intrinsic" value of resources and services and is based on the principle that the energy embodied in a resource or service determines its value.
		Odum, "[e]mergy, spelled with an 'm,' is a universal measure of real wealth of the work of nature and society made on a common basis."[55]The starting point for understanding the concept of emergy is an understanding of energy.
		Because emergy synthesis is a science that values human and nonhuman inputs based on a measurable quantity and quality of energy, it has the potential for use under a variety of regulatory standards including those requiring consideration of economic and social concerns, as well as those mandating reliance on science alone.
	www.elawreview.org /elaw/374/incorporating_emergy_synthesis.html (9785 words)

	The Emergy Concept - Working Notes
		Emergy stands for the total amount of energy embodied in the creation of some thing or condition and bringing it to a certain place, state, and time.
		Emergy analysis provides a means of establishing a physical index measure of the quantity and quality of energy expended over time to get a good or service to a certain place and state in time and space.
		Emergy values can be derived for all phenomena, whether they are tracked by thermodynamics in physical/chemical and ecological domains--or have no thermodynamic measure--as in the abstract, symbol cultural domain of human activity, or are combinations of the two.
	dieoff.com /page200.htm (3496 words)

	Title: On the Emergy Unit:
		The emergy of anything else is the sum of all the emergy that went into producing it by an efficient process minus the emergies of any by-products formed. The emergy of an activity is the average rate of expenditure of emergy times the time.
		For a less than optimal process, the emergy efficiency is the emergy of the inputs to an optimal process over the emergy of the inputs to the process under investigation.
		Each of the input emergies, except the emergy supplied by Nature, is to be transformed into a product-equivalent emergy. Then, the emergy invested, MI, is imagined to have been produced by the same process that produced the fuel. In this way, it will be apparent immediately if the process consumes more emergy than it produces.
	www.dematerialism.net /emergyunit.htm (1602 words)

	Biohabitats \| Leaf Litter
		Emergy is the total amount of work required to make something, which includes the work of nature and people.
		Emergy also involves such a different approach from the way economists are trained and the way they think.
		Willingness to pay says only people can place value on goods and services, whereas emergy accounting assumes there are many direct and even more indirect ways that ecosystems support economies and peoples’ well-being and they are all quantifiable due to the fact that energy must be used to make all the connections.
	www.biohabitats.com /ndg_newsite/newsletter/number.17/interview.php (3232 words)

	April 2000
		Emergy recognizes and measures the universal energy hierarchy, which should be regarded as a 5th energy law.
		Emergy can be identified as the correct measure of real wealth, because successful surviving designs in self organization of nature and the economy are those that maximize emergy power (empower) on every scale.
		Emergy of direct solar energy, and chemical energy of rain were also evaluated, but were less than the physical energy of the Humboldt current.
	www.unicamp.br /fea/ortega/htodum/emergyaccount.htm (5376 words)

	Emergy Evaluation of the Biosphere and Natural Capital
		The measure of value called emergy is used to evaluate the flows of energy and resources that sustain the biosphere including the economy of humans.
		A donor system of value based on solar emergy required to produce things is suggested as the only means of reversing the logic trap inherent in economic valuation, which suggests that value stems only from utilization by humans.
		The total emergy flux of the biosphere is composed of 32% renewable flows of sunlight, tidal momentum and deep heat (it was 68% in 1950), and 68% slowly-renewable and nonrenewable flows.
	www.ambio.kva.se /1999/Nr6_99/Sep99_13.html (180 words)

	Thermodynamics, Availability, and Emergy
		Emergies used to evaluate industrial economies might be computed more easily by taking the transformity of crude oil or even methane as unity.
		To compute the total emergy input of nuclear fission, we must consider all phases of the operation from discovery of uranium to the disposal of the decommissioned plant and the storage of radioactive materials for thousands of years.
		Capitalization can occur globally when the supply of emergy from the environment is essentially infinite, but what we are experiencing now is a gradual shrinkage in the net amount of emergy available from the environment; i.e., we must go out to sea to find oil or transport oil over long distances.
	dematerialism.net /emergy.html (2755 words)

	Emergy and Population in a Natural Economy
		These enterprises also report the emergy values of the item or items to each consumer and to a public servant if the community deems this necessary until people have learned the lesson of minimizing their consumption.
		The emergy use of each participant in the enterprise charged to the product is easily evaluated, since all members of the community enjoy the same personal emergy budgets, which, of course, are the economic dividend of the community.
		emergy units) where N is the number of consumers and (b) to reproduce only himself, to pass on his reproductive rights to another, or not to reproduce.
	www.dematerialism.net /emergypop.htm (2648 words)

	ENERGY AND ECONOMICS « Cambridge Forecast Group Blog
		The need for the new word of “emergy” arose apparently because of an important difference in the way the two related disciplines of systems ecology and energy analysis were using the term “embodied energy“;.
		According to the Emergy Systems school, like the concept of sustainability, “Emergy is a systems concept that is context driven, and cannot be fully understood or utilized outside of systems context.” This school has therefore promoted emergy as a concept that is useful for establishing the metric for a rigorous and quantitative sustainability index.
		Emergy evaluation aims to include all of this, perhaps not perfectly, but in a way to help us understand that there is a huge network of supporting energies necessary to support any particular economic activity in human societies and ecological activity in non-human communities.
	cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com /2007/08/10/energy-and-economics (5415 words)

	Thermodynamics, Availability, and Emergy
		Emergies used to evaluate industrial economies might be computed more easily by taking the transformity of crude oil or even methane as unity.
		To compute the total emergy input of nuclear fission, we must consider all phases of the operation from discovery of uranium to the disposal of the decommissioned plant and the storage of radioactive materials for thousands of years.
		Capitalization can occur globally when the supply of emergy from the environment is essentially infinite, but what we are experiencing now is a gradual shrinkage in the net amount of emergy available from the environment; i.e., we must go out to sea to find oil or transport oil over long distances.
	www.dematerialism.net /emergy.html (2755 words)

	Resources undervalued, biofuels overrated \| EnergyBulletin.net \| Peak Oil News Clearinghouse
		Emergy measures the total effort required to create a substance or structure, including the work of humans, machines and nature.
		Taking account of emergy content, the forests proved to be nearly a hundred times more valuable than in earlier estimates, which mainly considered the dollar value of the trees as lumber.
		Emergy yield from the land is higher than the conventional ranches, while the level of costs and productivity is the same.
	www.energybulletin.net /39986.html (1954 words)

	Emergy
		The concept of EMERGY (no sic) was coined by the environmental scientist Howard Odum several decades ago, to figure in the WHOLE costs of using energy.
		For example: solar emergy is in units of solar emjoules, coal emergy in units of coal emjoules, and electrical emergy in units ofelectrical emjoules.
		Using emergy also makes clear that the REAL COSTS for different kinds of energy, when figured as emergy, is vastly different.
	www.gdg.00freehost.com /trekessays/EconNote011.htm (4607 words)

	Emergy Advanced Course
		Emergy is the amount of energy of one kind that is used up in transformations directly and indirectly to make a product or service.
		It allows to put on a common basis different forms of energy, by expressing them all in terms of the solar energy (solar emjoules) that is/ was required to produce them.
		Emergy definitions and tools constitute powerful concepts for investigation of systems at all scales, framing a system’s behavior and sustainability within the biosphere’s driving forces and evolutionary pattern.
	g5.ambra.unibo.it /emergy08 (454 words)

	Emergy \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		The term Emergy was originally coined by David M. Scienceman in collaboration with the late Howard T. Odum.
		H.T.Odum used 'emergy' to mean both sequestered energy and emergent property of energy use.
		However Scienceman also used the term 'emergy' to refer to the concept of energy memory, a concept which motivated Scienceman and B.M. El-Youssef (1993) to propose the addition of a new dimension to physics, [P] for "past".
	www.babylon.com /definition/Emergy (191 words)

	EMERGY-based environmental systems assessment of a multi-purpose temperate mixed-forest watershed of the southern ...
		Description: Emergy (with an 'm') synthesis was used to assess the balance between nature and humanity and the equity among forest outcomes of a US Forest Service ecosystem management demonstration project on the Wine Spring Creek watershed, a high-elevation (1600 m), temperate forest located in the southern Appalachian mountains of North Carolina, USA.
		The Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR), the units of solar emergy imported into the watershed via human control per unit of indigenous, natural solar emergy, was determined to be 0.42, indicating that the load on the natural environment was not ecologically damaging and that excess ecological capacity existed for increasing non-ecological activities (e.g.
		Emergy synthesis was demonstrated to holistically integrate arid quantify the interconnections of a coupled natul-e-hu~nans ystem allowing the goals of ecological balance and outcome equity to bemeasured quantitatively.
	www.treesearch.fs.fed.us /pubs/20199 (519 words)

	[No title]
		EMergy, Wealth and Value EMergy is a quantitative measure of the resources required to develop a product (whether a mineral resource that results from bio-geologic processes, a biologic resource such as wood, or an economic product that results from industrial processes) and express the required resources in units of one type of energy (usually solar).
		EMergy density is the ratio of total EMergy use in the economy of a region or nation to the total area of the region or nation.
		EMergy Indices Net EMergy Yield Ratio (NEYR) This is the ratio of the EMergy yield (5.6 E+21 sej/yr) divided by the EMergy imported (or feedback EMergy of 3.9 E+21 sej/yr) used for processing (items 6 and 3, respectively, in Table B-3).
	fulltext.fcla.edu /DLData/UF/UF00016672/UF00016672.sgm (15553 words)

	RINHewS Research Reports
		This context provides a decision criterion centered on the maximum empower principle (empower is the emergy produced or used per unit time), by which we can identify which, among several alternative courses of action, maximizes the well-being of humanity and nature (Odum 1996).
		The emergy values of products and services can be related to the human economy as measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in a given year, by expressing the emergy value as an emdollar value.
		The emdollar value of a thing is the emergy value of the product or service divided by the emergy-to-dollar ratio for the economy in a given year.
	www.uri.edu /ce/rinhs/rr11.htm (3216 words)

	[No title]
		Emergy Indices The following are emergy indices calculated from the evaluation table and used to draw inferences from emergy analyses (Figure 2).
		The emergy yield ratio is the emergy of an output divided by the emergy of those inputs to the process that are fed back from the economy (Y/F in Figure 2).
		Emergy (spelled with an "M") - All the available energy that was used in the work of making a product directly and indirectly expressed in units of one type of available energy.
	www.hubbertpeak.com /emergy/OdumEmergy.doc (4611 words)

	Toward Understanding Emergy
		Using the solar emergy transformity values for dinosaur blood and liquid motor fuel and knowing the efficiency of fuel-to-work conversion of internal combustion engines we can answer about 4000 sweat hours per barrel for the fuel.
		Emergy: (spelled with an "m")—all the available energy that was used in the work of making a product and expressed in units of one type of energy.
		Emergy Yield Ratio: The ratio of the emergy yield to that required for processing.
	www.greatchange.org /footnotes-emergy.html (584 words)

	Emergy Evaluation
		Emergy is related to spatial centers and to pulsing with time.
		Emergy indices are used to evaluate alternatives for primary energy sources, environmental impacts, and international exchange.
		Like energy, emergy is measured in relation to a reference level.
	www.mnforsustain.org /emergy_odum_howard_t_emergy_evaluation.htm (3203 words)

	Mauricio E. Arias - UF Journal of Undergraduate Research Paper
		The total emergy of environmental resources is the sum of the maximum empowers of each of the groups of elements from a common source.
		The emergy of goods and purchased services is just the sum of all the inflows within that category, and the total emergy is the sum of the total environmental resources and the total goods and purchased services.
		Although the major emergy contribution to the SBR was expected to come from goods and purchased services, renewable emergy (environmental resources and wastewater) demonstrated to be the largest one.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /jur/200609/papers/paper_arias.html (4041 words)

	EmSim - VisualModeller Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: )
		EmSim is the ideal platform to make the most of the emergy concept since it's emergy track summing algorithm is able to infer emergy and transformities in very complex energy networks involving recycling loops and co-productions once you enter the exergy flows in the network.
		Emergy Simulator won't tell you anything about those exergy flows since they rely on the thermodynamics of the processes, only emergy and transformity can be inferred with Emergy Simulator.
		Emergy is still a troubling concept whose self consistency hasn't yet been proven neither even fully investigated.
	wiki.visualmodeller.org /EmSim (683 words)

	Where to with 'Emergy' Literacy? \| EnergyBulletin.net \| Peak Oil News Clearinghouse
		Moreover, if emergy evaluations are one of the few reliable sustainability indicators, then it also appears that very few people are actually in a position to comment on the sustainability of technologies, settlement designs, policies or principles that address issues such as Peak Oil or Climate Change, for example.
		In the context of an apparent agreement between pre-eminent research institutions and grassroots movements that emergy methodology is the future of sustainability evaluation, it seems there is an overwhelming need for both greater emergy literacy, and for opportunities to gain such literacy.
		Disseminate emergy literacy more broadly throughout society, through secondary and tertiary education curricula and a variety of professional development opportunities, so that we reach critical mass in emergy literacy for implementation of valid and reliable sustainability measures.
	www.energybulletin.net /6224.html (2224 words)

	EPA: EIMS EMERGY ANALYSIS OF THE PREHISTORIC ...
		Several relationships between the specific emergy or the emergy per unit mass and the mass concentration of nitrogen were shown to exist through an analysis of the global nitrogen cycle.
		In this case the increased specific emergy is reflected by an increase in the concentration of the material in higher transformity units.
		The emergy per unit mass increases as energy is transformed and nitrogen concentrated through the trophic web that is built upon this initial loop.
	oaspub.epa.gov /eims/eimsapi.dispdetail?deid=63603 (476 words)

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