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Topic: Emic and etic

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	Emic and etic - ArticleWorld
		Emic refers to material presented using the terms and internal logic of the person or people being studied.
		While emic and etic work are both recognized as having valid methodological and ideological claims to truth-telling, the words in quotes are heavily contested claims.
		An etic researcher will ask her informant questions based on her own perspective and concerns, which are often seen to be 'scientific', or 'universal'.
	www.articleworld.org /index.php/Emic_and_etic (355 words)

	Facts about topic: (Emic and etic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		An "emic" account of behavior is a description of behavior in terms meaningful (consciously or unconsciously) to the actor, the insider view.
		An "etic" account is a description of a behavior in terms familiar to the observer, the outsider view.
		Emic and etic are derived from the linguistic (additional info and facts about linguistic) terms phonemic (additional info and facts about phonemic) and phonetic (additional info and facts about phonetic) respectively.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/em/emic_and_etic.htm (292 words)

	Emic and etic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Emic and etic are terms used by some in the social sciences and the behavioral sciences to refer to two different kinds of data concerning human behavior.
		Emic and etic are derived from the linguistic terms phonemic and phonetic respectively.
		Musicologist and semiologist Jean-Jacques Nattiez (1990: 61) describes an "'emic' approach" as "an analysis that reflects the viewpoint of the native informants" and an "'etic' approach" as "an analysis accomplished only by means of the methodological tools and categories of the researcher."
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emic (313 words)

	Someplace Somewhere - emic and etic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Emic arguments tend to stem from a position of cultural relativism and etic from that of an outsider (which I suppose may create a tendancy towards a perceived ethnocentrism, though I've never seen a really convincing argument to that effect).
		From an emic perspective, it's the symbolic (unless you're Catholic) acceptance of the sacrifice of Christ and a ritual of affirmation and the reinforcement of community values and beliefs.
		The emic perspective seems to be by far more popular in cultural anthro circles (at least around here), but that problem I have (mentioned above) is that is fails to take into account what linguists and psychologists both know is blatantly obvious: universals DO exist when it comes to people.
	www.someplacesomewhere.com /topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=25226 (1110 words)

	Anthropological Theory...exam essays
		The terms "etic" and "emic" were introduced by Kenneth Pike to identify the two different perspectives (since it is possible for either observer or participant to have either a subjective or objective point of view).
		The emic and etic perspectives are used for study of cultures, and why people do what they do and think what they think.
		The emic perspective is focused on the viewpoint of the native informant, who is a member of the culture being studied by the anthropologist and understands reasons and meanings of different acts.
	members.aol.com /ssmystii/anthessay01.htm (1950 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The etic perspective is used by someone outside the experience to objectively view the phenomenon, and is usually the viewpoint used by practitioners and sociologist when describing vulnerable groups or traits.
		Etic vulnerability is determined objectively by analysis of the risk of harm, and whether or not the person actually asks for assistance is irrelevant.
		Practitioners should use both emic and etic approaches to understanding the concept of vulnerability and abandon language that limits their vision of the individual perspective (Spiers, 1999).
	www.uncc.edu /srhardin/foundations/vulnerabl.htm (2702 words)

	Department of Religious Studies
		Emic and etic are technical terms the linguist, Kenneth Pike (1967), originally derived from the suffixes of the words "phonemic" and "phonetic"; the former refers to any unit of significant sound in a particular language and the latter refers to the system of cross-culturally useful notations that represent these vocal sounds.
		An important clarification, however, is that the emic perspective is not simply to be equated with the insider's own viewpoint; for, in the case of language, language users are extremely proficient at speaking their language, at making this or that sound distinct from other sounds, but they are often hardly interested in studying it.
		Accordingly, Harris critiques Pike for authorizing the emic at the expense of the etic.
	www.as.ua.edu /rel/theoreticalbackground.html (2657 words)

	Academic Leadership CONDUCTING EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN SOUTH AFRICA: CHALLENGES IN THE DATA COLLECTION PROCESS
		The emic approach can be defined as a structural one whereby the investigator assumes that human behavior is patterned even though the members of the society being studied may not be aware of many units of the structuring (French, 1963).
		In other words emic constructs are an insider?s perspective that defines conceptual schemes and categories that are considered to be meaningful and appropriate for individuals operating within a given cultural paradigm.
		Etic constructs on the other hand are conceptual schemes and categories that are expressed and defined by that which is considered to be meaningful and appropriate to the observer.
	www.academicleadership.org /emprical_research/CONDUCTING_EPIDEMIOLOGICAL_RESEARCH_IN_SOUTH_AFRICA_CHALLENGES_IN_THE_DATA_COLLECTION_PROCESS.shtml (5632 words)

	K. L. Pike on Etic vs. Emic: A Review and Interview
		Central to the discussion of etic and emic is the notion of the tagmeme.
		Pike's use of the terms etic and emic now vary somewhat in other disciplines and consequently the book edited by Headland, Pike and Harris (1990) is concerned mainly with their application to society and only marginally to linguistics.
		Truth, in its emic identity, and related to your question, is associated with the purpose, interest and the intent of the observer.
	www.sil.org /klp/karlintv.htm (8294 words)

	The Invisibility of Ethics
		etic dimensions, despite the fact that for the participants themselves, important aspects of the meaning of their activities lay in the activities themselves.
		etic dimensions of observed behavior are not simply to be identified with the ‘objective,’ ‘empirical,’ ‘causal,’ account that might be given by a western scientist.
		emic aspects of meaning suggests a helpful parallel that further elucidates the situation of a philosophy of conduct: the cultural values and unreflective attitudes with which ethics begins provide a structural framework in terms of which the reflective expression and conversation carried out as ethical-moral discussion occurs.
	www.pages.drexel.edu /~pa34/budhi.htm (4110 words)

	Michael Agar: Agents in Living Color
		In this article, the anthropological concept of 'emic' or 'insider's view' is used to foreground the value of learning what differences make a difference to actual human agents before building a model of those agents and their world.
		Etic always plays some role, an issue we return to in the conclusion, but emic should be the point of it all.
		Links between emic research and model characteristics are easier to forge with this kind of modeling, and the emphasis shifts from how the curve works to how the world works such that curves are or are not produced.
	jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk /8/1/4.html (7921 words)

	IB Anthropology: The Nature of Anthropology: Analyzation of Data - Wikibooks, collection of open-content textbooks
		The emic perspective is that of the native or "insider," and the etic is that of the foreigner or "outsider." Observations made from an emic perspective usually consist of qualitative data and are relevant to only the study of that one particular culture.
		Both emic and etic observations must be made for an anthropologist to wholly study the culture.
		The necessity for both emic and etic observations is demonstrated by the difference between models of thought and models of action.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/IB_Anthropology:_The_Nature_of_Anthropology:_Analyzation_of_Data (981 words)

	DISCIPLINES & SUBDISCIPLINES - CULTURAL MATERIALISM
		Etic analysis does not rely on an informant’s description alone, but on explication provided by many observers using agreed-on scientific measures.
		The etics of behavior : Observer’s explication of a native’s behavior.
		Moore doubted the validity of etic analysis, asking "how can we be so dismissive of the informant’s emic viewpoint if culture is rooted in values and meanings held by individuals?"(Moore 1996:200) Most of the reactions to cultural materialism are against infrastructural determinism and the prioritization of etic behavior analysis.
	www.indiana.edu /~wanthro/theory_pages/Materialism.htm (1312 words)

	Anthropology 2030: Cultural Anthropology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The words emic and etic were developed by anthropologists to describe broad categories of both anthropological operations and cultural things.
		Etic operations, on the other hand, rely on categories, relationships, entities, etc., that are meaningful to a community of scientific observers.
		Before looking more closely at etic operations, and the way we might approach the question of human sacrifice from an etic perspective, please bear in mind that the terms emic and etic are not synonymous with thought and behavior, respectively, a mistake made occasionally even by anthropologists.
	cdis.missouri.edu /previews/2065/lesson01.htm (2520 words)

	1.2. Emic-Etic Framework
		The emic and etic concepts with reference to descriptions were borrowed from the linguistic terms, phonemic and phonetic.
		Anthropologists have adapted these linguistic concepts by deleting the first syllables to form the words emic and etic.
		Thus, emic-etic roughly means “local versus scientific knowledge” and this framework provides a convenient tool for researchers to obtain accurate descriptions of farmers’ knowledge or concepts and compare them with scientific knowledge or concepts on the same topic.
	www.knowledgebank.irri.org /IPM/soccomm/1.2._Emic-Etic_Framework.htm (184 words)

	ASIS&T Bulletin February/March 2004: Pamela Sandstrom
		Emics and etics are central to cultural materialism, a research strategy that aims to explain the differences and similarities in the world's inventory of cultures by focusing on the material conditions that provide the context for individual cultures.
		Etic data sources and measurements, which may or may not be meaningful to native participants, include census counts and other inventories, event or network analyses, time-motion studies, traces caused by erosion or accretion, kinesic data on body language and proxemic data on cultural use of space, and so on.
		The emic status of novelty can be contrasted with its etic status, predicting through mean author co-citation rates and other co-occurrence measures the likelihood of encountering a given pair of resources in a particular microhabitat.
	www.asis.org /Bulletin/Feb-04/sandstrom.html (4117 words)

	emics and etics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		On the other hand, emic accounts of the sounds of a language are based on the implicit or unconscious system of sound contrasts that native speakers have inside their heads and that they employ to identify meaningful utterances in their language.
		A subjective etic description may be formulated in terms of the social cohesion brought about by the procedure and an objective etic description may examine the economic long-term benefits to production and reproduction gained from it.
		But the first is an etic reference, something that is seen from the outside, something that is experienced by the observer even if the observer has never experienced anger; while the second is an emic reference that is seen from the inside, that is experienced by the observed.
	users.lycaeum.org /~greyfox/emet.html (634 words)

	Clarence (Lance) Gravlee \| AAA 1999
		Emics and etics of "race" and "ethnicity." Gravlee, Clarence.
		First, “race” is an emic, mental phenomenon bound to a particular sociocultural context; as an etic category, it is misleading and inaccurate.
		Second, although “ethnicity” also can be viewed as an emic construct in the US context, it has greater potential to serve as a useful analytic tool in cross-cultural research when conceived in strictly etic terms.
	lance.qualquant.net /emic.htm (276 words)

	Welcome to the XXV International Congress of Applied Psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Instead, the emic and etic perspectives are able to inform each other in advancing the development of better assessment tools in both traditions.
		Specifically, emic and etic approaches to assessment can stimulate and enrich each other and lead to important breakthroughs in both traditions that are unlikely to be attained without the stimulation from research in the other tradition.
		The emic program of research on the Chinese Personality Assessment Instrument orchestrated by Cheung and Leung (1998) and the associated etic research that attempts to explore the universality of the five-factor model of personality are used to demonstrate the usefulness of this dual-perspective approach to the development of assessment instruments.
	www.iaapsy.org /25icap/common/OP619.htm (252 words)

	Language, Reflection and the Dimensions of Conduct by Peter Amato (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Etic and emic dimensions structure all observed human behavior, since it always can be interpreted in terms that are independent of what its participants say.
		In other words, the etic meaning of an event, as described from the standpoint of a western scientific system of meaning, is, in a non-trivial sense, also really an emic account reflecting a western observer's practice of interpretation.
		In other words, the etic meaning of an event, as described from the standpoint of a western scientific system of meanings, is, in a non-trivial sense, also really an emic account or a westerner's practise of interpretation, from a standpoint outside its system of meanings.
	human-nature.com /nibbs/04/amato.html (3674 words)

	Language, Reflection and the Dimensions of Conduct by Peter Amato (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Etic and emic dimensions structure all observed human behavior, since it always can be interpreted in terms that are independent of what its participants say.
		In other words, the etic meaning of an event, as described from the standpoint of a western scientific system of meaning, is, in a non-trivial sense, also really an emic account reflecting a western observer's practice of interpretation.
		In other words, the etic meaning of an event, as described from the standpoint of a western scientific system of meanings, is, in a non-trivial sense, also really an emic account or a westerner's practise of interpretation, from a standpoint outside its system of meanings.
	www.human-nature.com /nibbs/04/amato.html (3674 words)

	HLT Magazine (March 2000) - Major Article
		In 1963, linguist Kenneth Pike coined the terms 'emic' and 'etic' to describe the distinction between insider and outsider views of a culture or group.
		Emic, which comes from phonemic, observation focuses on the distinctions in perception that carry meaning for the participants.
		Etic, which comes from phonetic, focuses on distinctions that can be general perceived across cultures or groups.
	www.hltmag.co.uk /mar00/mart1.htm (920 words)

	Re: Firth and Wagner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This is just to sort of explain the distinction between "etic" and "emic." If you don't quite understand just let me know and I will try to explain that in simpler words.
		The etic view, the external view of language, deals with universals, with observation from outside a system as well as with the nature of initial set of data.
		ETIC: An etic account of the sounds of language would describe them impressionistically as sounds.
	chss2.montclair.edu /sotillos/_theories/0000000c.htm (224 words)

	The Tagmemics Page
		Rogerian principles meshed well with Pike's concepts of "etic" and "emic" perspectives in language inquiry, i.e., the distinction between "alien" and "native" perspectives on discourse generation and reception, and the necessity of finding the right bridge or "tagmeme" that would yield mutual insight.
		Initial etic inquiry typically yields particles whose wave or field relationships (i.e., situatedness) to other particles are undetected, indistinct, or ambiguous and which must be identified before progress can be made toward emic understanding.
		Goal is progressively pursued and modified by incremental progress toward an emic understanding of (or etically-verified hypothesis about) the unit being investigated, with certain universals evoked at appropriate stages to give the inquiry boundaries and landmarks by which to judge progress.
	personal.bgsu.edu /~edwards/tags.html (2356 words)

	E:\tmp\converted2html\emicetic.htm
		At this juncture, it is difficult to pin any one particular meaning on either of the terms, but roughly, "emic" is a perspective from within the domain of analysis--an insider's viewpoint, which judges the validity of the system by the system's own criteria.
		Emic and etic are derived via back formation and expansion from "phonemic" and "phonetic." Kenneth Pike was the first to use the terms, having coined them in the 1950's.
		Kenneth L. Pike (1990), "On the Emics and Etics of Pike and Harris," in Headland, et al, eds., _Emics and Etics_, 28-47.
	way.net /creole/emicetic.html (1003 words)

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