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	Pierre Boutroux - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pierre Boutroux 6 December 1880 to 15 August 1922 was a French mathematician and historian of science.
		His mother was Aline Catherine Eugénie Boutroux born Poincaré, sister of the scientist and mathematician Henri Poincaré.
		Boutroux is chiefly known for his work in the history and philosophy of mathematics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pierre_Boutroux (169 words)

	Emile Boutroux - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Emile Boutroux was born at Montrouge, now in the Hauts-de-Seine département, near Paris.
		Between 1874-1876 Boutroux taught at the Faculty of Letters at the University of Nancy and while there he fell in love with and married Aline Poincaré the sister of the scientist and mathematician Henri Poincaré.
		In 1888 Boutroux was made professor of history of modern philosophy at the Sorbonne in Paris.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emile_Boutroux (379 words)

	Boutroux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Boutroux was educated in Paris at the École Normale Supérieure and he received his licentiate with a thesis, which was published by the University of Paris, L'imagination et les mathématiques selon Descartes.
		Boutroux also argues that there is no single way to approach a problem, but the nature of the problem itself dictates the best way to attack it.
		Boutroux produced an edition of Pascal's works which was published from 1908 onwards with a second edition appearing after Boutroux's death in 1929.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Mathematicians/Boutroux.html (649 words)

	Emile Berliner - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Emile Berliner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Emile Berliner (May 20, 1851 - August 3, 1929) was an inventor, best known for developing the disc record gramophone (phonograph in American English).
		Emile Berliner became a United States citizen in 1881.
		Emile Berliner died of a heart attack at the age of 78.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Emile-Berliner.html (436 words)

	Emile Boutroux -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Emile Boutroux was born at (Click link for more info and facts about Montrouge) Montrouge, now in the (Click link for more info and facts about Hauts-de-Seine) Hauts-de-Seine (Click link for more info and facts about département) département, near (The capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce) Paris.
		Between 1874-1876 Boutroux taught at the Faculty of Letters at the University of Nancy and while there he fell in love with and married Aline Poincaré the sister of the scientist and mathematician (Click link for more info and facts about Henri Poincaré) Henri Poincaré.
		In 1888 Boutroux was made professor of history of modern philosophy at the (A university in Paris; intellectual center of France) Sorbonne in Paris.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/em/emile_boutroux.htm (483 words)

	Emile Durkheim - The Person (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Emile Durkheim, as well as the theorists who will be dealt with in subsequent chapters, faced a different set of circumstances.
		Emile Durkheim was born at Epinal in the eastern French province of Lorraine on April 15, 1858.
		To Boutroux he owed an approach to the philosophy of science that stressed the basic discontinuities between different levels of phenomena and emphasized the novel aspects that emerged as one moved from one level of analysis to another.
	www2.pfeiffer.edu /~lridener/DSS/Durkheim/DURKPER.HTML (916 words)

	BOUTROUX, ÉMILE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Boutroux was a representative of French spiritualism, a current opposed to the nineteenth-century trend of materialism.; he desired to preserve metaphysics and religion without denying the achievements of the natural sciences.
		He was especially fascinated by the thought of G. Leibniz, but at the same time he accused Kant of making an excessive separation between the determinism of the laws of nature and man’s freedom.
		Boutroux pointed to the hierarchy of beings and values that is joined with the existence of the inorganic, organic, and human world.
	www.kul.lublin.pl /efk/angielski/hasla/b/Boutroux.html (494 words)

	Gifford Lecture Series - Authors
		From 1877 to 1885 Boutroux lectured in philosophy at École Normale Supérieure, and in 1888 he was made professor of history of modern philosophy at the Sorbonne in Paris.
		Among his other honours, Boutroux was elected a member of the Academy of the Moral and Political Sciences in 1898 and in 1902 he became Director of the Thiers Foundation.
		In Boutroux this is reflected most prominently in his De la Contingence, which suggests that physical determinism is only valid on the macro-physical scale whereas on the micro-physical scale there exists an indeterminacy that is too small to be detected by instrumentation.
	www.giffordlectures.org /Author.asp?AuthorID=25 (734 words)

	Emile Durkheim's Life and Works (1857-1917) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		David Emile Durkheim was born on April 15, 1858 in Epinal, capital town of the department of Vosges, in Lorraine.
		Emile, whose grandfather and great-grandfather had also been rabbis, thus appeared destined for the rabbinate, and a part of his early education was spent in a rabbinical school.
		After seeking letters from Boutroux, Buisson, and Victor Brochard, the Council of the Faculty of Letters at the Sorbonne appointed Durkheim chargéd'un course by a large majority.
	www.relst.uiuc.edu /durkheim/Biography.html (1644 words)

	Faguet Emile: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		EMILE ZOLA EMILE ZOLA BY F. HEMMINGS OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1953 Oxford...1 These letters tell us little about ____________________ 1 Emile Zola was born in Paris on 2 Apr. 1840, but in 1843 his family left the...
		Emile Durkheim, 1858-1917: A Collection of Essays, with Translations and a Bibliography
		Princeton, January 1961 Emile Cailliet 1 The Emergence of a Pilgrim...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/faguet-emile.jsp?l=F&p=1 (680 words)

	RECENT PHILOSOPHY: Other Contemporary Philosophers
		However, this was the case with Emile Boutroux's (picture) thesis published in 1874, De la Contingence des Lois de la Nature (On the Contingency of the Laws of Nature).
		He demonstrated that the concept of natural law in all branches of science (from mathematics to biology) is a result rather than a principle, for it does not prove the universal reign of necessity.
		According to Boutroux, generally the relatively invariable relationship between causes and effects comes about because of an inadequate grasp of such true and profound realities as life and liberty.
	radicalacademy.com /adiphicontemphilosophers2.htm (4047 words)

	Emile Durkheim Biography / Biography of Emile Durkheim Main Biography
		Emile Durkheim was born at Épinal, Lorraine, on April 15, 1858.
		From Fustel he learned the importance of religion in the formation of social institutions and discovered that the sacred could be studied rationally and objectively.
		From Boutroux he learned that atomism, the reduction of phenomena to their smallest constituent parts, was a fallacious methodo.....
	www.bookrags.com /biography-emile-durkheim (241 words)

	Contingency and the "time of the dream": Kuki Shuzo and French prewar Philosophy
		Boutroux thought that science has the right to establish links between the phenomena that it observes; however, this does not give us the right to think that these phenomena must be subordinated to an order that is based only on abstractions.
		Boutroux surmounts an idealistic and schematic conception that had been imposed on science and philosophy in France, especially by Antoine Auguste Cournot.
		Boutroux provides a useful contrast when he shows that a certain interest in contingency is incompatible with certain Aristotelian "existentialist" tendencies: "Everywhere Aristotle is looking for the idea in the fact, the necessary and the perfect in the contingent and the imperfect; everywhere he is working on the substitution of floating elements that !
	ccbs.ntu.edu.tw /FULLTEXT/JR-PHIL/ew103940.htm (9746 words)

	The Neglected Element of Human Emotion in Talcott Parsons's The Structure of Social Action -- Fish 4 (1): 115 -- ...
		Durkheim, ¥Emile (1961) Moral Education: A Study in the Theory and Application of the Sociology of Education, trans.
		Durkheim, ¥Emile (1964) The Division of Labor in Society, trans.
		Durkheim, ¥Emile (1973) ‘The Dualism of Human Nature and Its Social Conditions’, in Robert Bellah (ed.) ¥Emile Durkheim on Morality and Society.
	jcs.sagepub.com /cgi/content/refs/4/1/115 (1048 words)

	MODERN FRENCH PHILOSOPHY - PREFACE
		Mention must also be made of the encouragement given by the late M. Emile Boutroux and by the eminent editor of the well-known Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, M. Xavier Léon, a leading spirit in the Société de Philosophie, whose meetings the writer was privileged to attend by invitation.
		This is a field which has been comparatively neglected by English students, so far as the nineteenth century is concerned, and this is especially true of our period, which is roughly that from Comte to Boutroux (who passed away last month) and Bergson (who has this year resigned his professorship).
		It is the earnest desire of the writer to draw both philosophical students and lovers of France and its literature to a closer study and appreciation of modern French philosophy.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Gunn/00000011.htm (735 words)

	Emile Durkheim \| French Social Scientist \| Division of Labor \| Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		EMILE DURKHEIM Emile Durkheim, 1858-1917 A Collection of Essays, with Translations and a...intellectual forces in the years preceding the First World War.
		...SOCIOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY by EMILE DURKHEIM Translated by D. POCOCK...hiatus is clearly indicated by Durkheims teacher and friend, Emile Boutroux, in a course of...
		Weber, Max...the origins of functionalism in Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, account for these...detail relative...
	www.questia.com /library/sociology-and-anthropology/sociologists-and-anthropologists/emile-durkheim.jsp (593 words)

	Emile Durkheim Biography / Biography of Emile Durkheim World of Sociology Biography
		Emile Durkheim Biography / Biography of Emile Durkheim World of Sociology Biography
		germany · in germany · sociologists · lyc · sociology · phenomena · french philosopher · social institutions · atomism · wilhelm wundt · family tradition · fallacious · constituent parts · philosophical foundations · emile durkheim · review articles · literary nature · revue philosophique
		From Boutroux he learned that atomism, the reduction of phenomena to their smallest constituent parts, was a fallacious methodolog.....
	www.bookrags.com /biography-emile-durkheim-soc (242 words)

	German Idealist Foundations of Durkheim's Sociology and Teleology of Knowledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This article explores Durkheim’s sociology of knowledge with a focus on his teleological theory that human thought undergoes a process of “universalization” which reaches toward an apprehension of an objective cosmopolitan “truth,” and compares Durkheim’s epistemological concepts to those of Immanuel Kant and G. Hegel.
		To appropriate Emile Durkheim’s ideas to positivist and synchronic analyses of social integration, sociologists tend to minimize or ignore the idealistic and metaphysical underpinnings of his work (Knapp, 1985: 1-2).
		Kant’s influence on Durkheim is traced to the French neo-Kantians, Emile Boutroux and Octave Hamelin, but principally to Charles Renouvier, who rejected Kant’s a priori transcendental deduction of the categories.
	theoryandscience.icaap.org /content/vol003.001/tekiner.html (3731 words)

	Find in a Library: The philosophy of Emile Boutroux as representative of French idealism in the nineteenth century
		Find in a Library: The philosophy of Emile Boutroux as representative of French idealism in the nineteenth century
		The philosophy of Emile Boutroux as representative of French idealism in the nineteenth century
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/e29fddc45c6c2618.html (69 words)

	Non-German Kantianism (from Kantianism) -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Its principal initiators were as follows: France was the first to open to its influence, beginning with the eclectic thinker Victor Cousin, who had studied German authors and made several trips to Germany.
		The relativistic personalist Charles Renouvier then defended a rather personal critical philosophy, which exerted an enduring influence through its impact upon the extreme Idealist Octave Hamelin of the Sorbonne; upon the metaphysician and cofounder of French neospiritualism Jules Lachelier; and upon his pupil, the philosopher of science Émile Boutroux.
		The English-speaking countries, on the other hand, have not seemed disposed to assimilate the critical philosophy as they did Hegelian Idealism.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-27112 (945 words)

	William James - Questia Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Book by Emile Boutroux, Archibald Henderson, Barbara Henderson; Longmans Green, 1912
		Contributors: Emile Boutroux - author, Archibald Henderson - transltr, Barbara Henderson - transltr.
		Choose a subscription plan to save tons of time, stress and hassle, and do better research, faster.
	www.questia.com /PM.qst?a=o&d=57341497 (77 words)

	McMaster University: The Bertrand Russell Research Centre / Russell Journal
		----, "Did Russell Write This?" (his review of Boutroux) #11: 1112
		Boutroux, Emile, William James (reviewed by Russell) #11: 1112
		----, unsigned review of E. Boutroux's William James [C12.11] #11: 1112
	russell.mcmaster.ca /jindex25.htm (8081 words)

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