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Topic: Emiliana Huxleyi

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	Emiliania huxleyi Home Page
		With it's beautiful appearance and its planetary importance, Emiliania huxleyi is a source of interest for all those looking to understand how life and its environment interact.
		Phytoplankton: Emiliania huxleyi is one of 5000 or so different species of phytoplankton - freely drifting, photosynthesising microscopic organisms that live in the upper, sunlit layers of the ocean.
		Thomas Henry Huxley ("Darwin's bulldog") was one of the first to examine sea-bottom mud and to detect coccoliths within it, and the first to use the term "coccolith".
	www.soes.soton.ac.uk /staff/tt/eh (952 words)

	Alkyl ketones
		These long-chain unsaturated methyl or ethyl ketones are very important compounds which are produced by a specific class of phytoplankton represented notably by the coccolithophorid Emiliana huxleyi (Volkman JK et al., Phytochemistry 1980, 19, 2619), the most abundant unicellular phytoplankton which plays a fundamental role in the total primary production in the oceans.
		The Emiliana blooms have a major impact on the biological carbon cycle in the ocean and on ocean/atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide (Westbroek et al., Global Planetary Change 1993, 8, 27).
		Until now they were reported exclusively from the oceanic haptophytes Emiliana huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica and from coastal species of Chrysotila (Rontani JF et al., Phytochemistry 2004, 65, 117).
	www.cyberlipid.org /simple/simple0009.htm (533 words)

	MODIS Website
		It suggests that the observed variability in the radiance is due to variations in the backscattering of plankton and the associated detrital material.
		The model is extended to include other material in the water, such as dissolved organic material, referred to as yellow substances, and detached coccoliths from coccolithophorid, e.g., Emiliana huxleyi.
		Potential applications include an improved bio-optical algorithm for the retrieval of pigment concentrations from satellite imagery in the presence of interference from detached coccolith and an improved atmospheric correction for satellite imagery.
	modis.gsfc.nasa.gov /sci_team/pubs/abstract.php?id=198 (179 words)

	Inter Research » AME » v34 » n1 » p93-104
		TEP concentration was closely related to the abundance of E. huxleyi and accounted for an increase in POC concentration of 35 ± 2% after the onset of nutrient limitation.
		In all mesocosms, DOC was neither related to the abundance of E. huxleyi nor to TEP concentration.
		KEY WORDS: Emiliana huxleyi · Transparent exopolymer particles · TEP · Dissolved organic carbon · DOC · Carbon overconsumption · CO
	www.int-res.com /abstracts/ame/v34/n1/p93-104 (386 words)

	[No title]
		Surveillance monitoring: Emiliana huxleyi blooms in the Barents Sea in July 2003 The milky turquoise colored nature observed in a series of satellite images during July-September 2003 from the Barents Sea reflects most probably the blooming of the Emiliania huxleyi.
		Emiliania huxleyi is a microscopic alga (2-10 micrometer), not visible to the naked eye.
		It seems that the Emiliania huxleyi has the capacity to expand in large numbers, in such water conditions and thus can be regarded as an indicator of changing climatic conditions (change) in the Barents Sea.
	earth.esa.int /cgi-bin/confmeris.pl?abstract=12 (1042 words)

	A model system approach to biological climate forcing: the example of Emiliana huxleyi - the Netherlands Environmental ...
		In this report the progress is described that has been made in the formulation of the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) Theory that now includes photosynthesis, nutrient limitation and calcification.
		On top of this the next level of organisation was explored in the adaptation of the model towards a small ecosystem comprising an autotrophic and a heterotrophic organism together with a decomposer, -the dynamics of biomass in vertical profiles has been analysed.
		At the same time experiments were conducted with E. huxleyi in order to be able to validate the DEB-models at the organismic level.
	www.mnp.nl /en/publications/2001/A_model_system_approach_to_biological_climate_forcing__the_example_of_Emiliana_huxleyi.html (238 words)

	MODIS Website
		Voss, K. J., Balch, W. M., and Kilpatrick, K. Scattering and attenuation properties of Emiliana huxleyi cells and their detached coccoliths.
		Measurements of the spectral scattering and attenuation properties of coccolithophores (Emiliania huxleyi; clone 88E) and their associated coccoliths were made for three growth phases as well as for acidified cultures.
		Overall, these results show that optical properties of a coccolithophore bloom are sensitive to the coccolith:cell ratio and can vary between and within blooms.
	modis.gsfc.nasa.gov /sci_team/pubs/abstract.php?id=397 (186 words)

	[No title]
		huxleyi is an important species with respect to past and present marine primary productivity, sediment formation and climate change.
		The Emiliania huxleyi host virus system was employed to investigate the effect of viral infection on DMS production from phytoplankton.
		Axenic culture studies of the ‘low lyase’ E. huxleyi strain 1516 revealed that during viral infection small amounts of DMS are produced.
	www.nerc.ac.uk /funding/thematics/mfmb/WorkshopReportPlymouth11-12Sept2002.doc (6054 words)

	Chemical composition of single microbial particles quantified by x-ray microanalysis
		Abstract Single Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) Hay et Mohler, type A, coccoliths harvested from mesocosm enclosures (June 1991) with different nutrient regimes, and the Norwegian fjord, Samnangerfjorden (October 1992), were analyzed with X-ray microanalysis in a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).
		huxleyi, is dependent on the growth conditions, and carbohydrate may protect the coccoliths from dissolution.
		Average content of carbon, oxygen and calcium in single coccoliths was 0.28, 0.87, and 0.67 pg (1.4 : 3.2 : 1 molar ratio) respectively, with an estimated average total weight of 1.8 pg.
	www.fou.uib.no /drgrad/1995/414001 (1062 words)

	Virus Succession Observed during an Emiliania huxleyi Bloom -- Schroeder et al. 69 (5): 2484 -- Applied and ...
		Microbial population dynamics and diversity during a bloom of the marine coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyta).
		Flow cytometric analysis of an Emiliana huxleyi bloom terminated by viral infection.
		Isolation of viruses responsible for the demise of an Emiliania huxleyi bloom in the English Channel.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/5/2484 (3121 words)

	Chpater 8: CO2 exchange rates with algae: results and discussion
		The particularly low chlorophyll measurements for Skeletonema, and the single measurements for Emiliana Huxleyi and Phaeodactylum at the right hand side of the plot, were taken after most of the algae had settled out at the end of the bloom, thus explaining the low chlorophyll /biological carbon ratio in these cases.
		The difference between the catalysis observed during the Emiliana Huxleyi blooms, and the lack of catalysis during the Amphidinium and Skeletonema blooms, is clearer in figure 8-16.
		Note that the anomalous group of eight data points from the fourth Dunaliella bloom and from the Emiliana Huxleyi bloom, which are ringed on the figure, were measured after most of the algae had settled out.
	www.chooseclimate.org /benphd/chap8.html (11995 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyta) is a unicellular alga found throughout the world’s oceans.
		huxleyi important for nutrient and CO cycling and biogenic sulphur production (in the form of dimethyl sulphide) in the marine environment.
		Emiliania huxleyi is a marine coccolithophorid, which has a global distribution.
	ss.nnf.affrc.go.jp /rt/rtbs/RDBS-HP-AVW3.htm (5362 words)

	EO Natural Hazards: Bright Waters Around Iceland
		A cruise northwest of Ireland reported a bloom of Emiliana huxleyi northwest of Ireland a week before this image was taken, and it’s likely that the bloom seen here is the same species.
		Emiliana huxleyi is the most abundant species of coccolithophores.
		Although not as bright as the water immediately off the Iceland coast, relatively bright water can be seen in an irregular band that stretches out of the image to the southwest of the island for over a thousand kilometers.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=12195 (188 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Title : Emiliana huxleyi: Role of the Scaled Flagellate in the Lifecycle and Bloom Dynamics Abstract : Since its origin in the late Pleistocene, Emiliania huxleyi has become ubiquitous in the world's oceans.
		It is the most abundant living coccolithophore and the most important organism in the transfer of atmospheric carbon dioxide to the ocean sediments.
		Recently developed techniques permit identificaiton and tracking of naked and flagellated Emiliiania huxleyi cells in natural populations and simplify determination of ploidy in cultured cells.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/yguan/NSFAbstracts/Abstracts/GEO/OCE.GEO.a9102767.txt (154 words)

	ASLO Summer Meeting 2005, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The ubiquitous coccolithophore Emiliana huxleyi is easily culturable, and for this reason, more is known about the physiology and ecology of E. huxleyi than any other coccolithophore.
		Large blooms of coccolithophores are frequently attributed to E. huxleyi, but other genera (e.g.
		Overall, we wish to examine if E. huxleyi is a good model species for the production of DMS/P by coccolithophores.
	aslo.org /meetings/santiago2005/abstracts/1248.htm (259 words)

	phytoplankton blooms
		Often, you can witness blooms yourself because the water is so thick with single-celled plants that it gives the water an unusual color - often called red tides.
		A bloom of the coccolithophorid, Emiliana huxleyi, off the coast of Newfoundland, 21st July 1999.
		Just like house plants, phytoplankton need nutrients, light, and to be within a certain temperature range to grow well.
	www.mbari.org /staff/conn/botany/phytoplankton/phytoplankton_blooms.htm (205 words)

	[No title]
		Calcification, photosynthesis and growth of the bloom-forming coccolithophore, Emiliana huxleyi.
		In situ gross growth rates of Emiliania huxleyi in enclosures with different phosphate loading revealed by diel changes in DNA content.
		Isolation of viruses responsible for the demise af an Emiliania huxleyi bloom in the English Channel.
	www.obs-banyuls.fr /FCM/liste.xls (9389 words)

	Limnology and Oceanography Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Previous mesocosm experiments and field studies have indicated a central role of major nutrients (e.g., N, P, and Si) in regulating phytoplankton abundance and species composition and influencing the rate of uptake of bioactive metals by phytoplankton.
		We monitored the changes in bioactive metals (Cu, Zn, and Mn) concentration and speciation that occurred over the course of a bloom of the coccolithophore Emiliana huxleyi under three different nutrient treatments.
		huxleyi cells in bag 1 but only a threefold increase in the P- or N-depleted bags.
	aslo.org /lo/toc/vol_48/issue_6/2289.html (295 words)

	SMHI - Annual Report 1997
		The surface temperatures varied around normal except during August - September were the temperatures were extremely high.
		In the end of June and the beginning of July large areas of the Skagerack surface water was coloured turquoise by the coccolitophore, Emiliana Huxleyi.
		During August large areas of southern Kattegat was covered by extensive mass of blue green algae imported from The Baltic Sea.
	www.smhi.se /oclab/reports/1997/anrep97.html (576 words)

	Emiliania huxleyi Coccoliths
		Three SEMs of E. huxleyi coccoliths: the first two of the under-side of a coccolith (the side lying closest to the cell surface), the third from 'above' (pictures from Jeremy Young).
		The coccoliths are produced inside the cell (see also cell page) then extruded to the outside.
		Coccoliths formed by species closely related to Emiliania huxleyi have the same basic structure of four elements formed from a single crystal-unit.
	www.soes.soton.ac.uk /staff/tt/eh/coccoliths.html (855 words)

	Microbial Genomics Abstracts. DOE Genomes to Life Contractor-Grantee Workshop 2004
		Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI Thalassiosira pseudonana and Emiliana huxleyi are both eukaryotic unicellular microalgae.
		huxleyi is a member of chlorophytes, which is found throughout the world’s oceans and can be distinguished by its exquisitely sculptured calcium carbonate cell coverings.
		Their siliceous or calcium carbonate cell walls can be directly or indirectly used for industry, oil exploration, forensic or biomedical applications.
	doegenomestolife.org /pubs/2004abstracts/html/Microbial.shtml (9914 words)

	SMHI - Annual Report 1996
		Along the West Coast the algae bloom began at the turn of the months February and March.
		At the turn of the months June and July the eastern Skagerrak was coloured turquoise by a coccolitophorid, Emiliana huxleyi.
		A vast autumn bloom of dinoflagellates, especially in the middle of Bohuslän, coloured the sea red in mid October.
	www.smhi.se /oclab/reports/1996/anrep96.html (329 words)

	Ocean-Colour Bibliography
		huxleyi blooms in the Black Sea surface waters as detected by SeaWiFS imagery.
		Gordon, H.R., and Tao D. Light scattering by nonspherical particles: Application to coccoliths detached from Emiliania huxleyi.
		(2003) Analysis of satellite imagery for Emiliania huxleyi blooms in the Bering Sea before 1997.
	www.ioccg.org /biblio.html (14529 words)

	abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The size and intensity of these blooms makes E. huxleyi important for nutrient and CO2 cycling and biogenic sulphur production (in the form of dimethyl sulphide) in the marine environment.
		Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used as a tool to elucidate the viral community structure at different stages during the progression of a viral induced collapse of an E. huxleyi bloom.
		Using the Emiliania huxleyi host virus system this study aimed to determine whether algal viruses directly cause the production of DMS from phytoplankton.
	ss.nnf.affrc.go.jp /HABD/HACS/AVW3/abstracts.html (5657 words)

	Algae & protists
		The most well-known of the haptophytes are perhaps the coccolithophorids (No. kalkflagellater), haptophytes with calcium carbonate in the wall.
		An example of a coccolithophorid is Emiliana huxleyi, which forms extensive blooms during spring-time, colouring the ocean turquoise.
		Emiliana appears over much of Earth, and is common in Norwegian fjords and in relatively warm waters along the coast.
	www.uib.no /bot/kurs/BB220/Algae/Algae1.htm (2718 words)

	Emiliana Huxleyi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Named after Thomas Huxley,it is the globally most significant coccolithophore.
		Its coccoliths are pure white, so they reflect light very efficiently in the water column.This, and the high concentrations caused by continual shedding of their coccoliths makes Emiliana Huxleyi blooms easily visible from space.
		Satellite images show that blooms can cover large areas (possibly >100,000 squarekilometers
	www.therfcc.org /emiliana-huxleyi-332751.html (101 words)

	DLESE description of Emiliania huxleyi Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This site contains various kinds of textual information and imagery of Emiliania huxleyi, an armour-plated, photosynthesizing, single-celled marine phytoplankton and dominant coccolithophore in the ocean.
		Images of Emeliana huxleyi, oceanic blooms, and so-named white waters range in type from satellite imagery to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos to artistic representations.
		A bibliography of Emiliana huxleyi research and an Ehux project publications list are followed by background on the Global Emiliania Modelling (GEM) initiative, a project focusing on the species as a means of modelling geosphere-biosphere interactions.
	www.dlese.org:8080 /dds/catalog_DLESE-000-000-000-988.htm (183 words)

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