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Topic: Emitter coupled logic

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	Emitter coupled logic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		ECL's chief characteristic is that the transistors are always in the active region and they can change state very rapidly, so ECL circuits can operate at very high speed.
		A bias configuration supplies a constant voltage at the midrange of the low and high logic levels to the differential amplifier, so that the appropriate logical function of the input voltages will control the amplifier and the base of the output transistor (this output transistor is used in common collector configuration).
		However, some experts predict increasing use of ECL in the future, particularly in conjunction with more widespread adoption of advanced semiconductors such as GaAs, which has always been the semiconductor of the future, but cannot be produced as cheap/clean as Si and is toxic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emitter_coupled_logic (472 words)

	ECL - EClectic Language, Emitter Coupled Logic
		ECL is costly, power hungry, and difficult to use, but it is four times faster than TTL.
		The signals for ECL are normally constrained to be a single long trace starting at the driving pin, through input pins, and finally terminating resistors.
		ECL digital IC family operates on the principle of current switching and because of this mode, this logic form is also referred to as current-mode logic (CML).
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/ECL.asp (244 words)

	Emitter coupled logic
		In electronics, emitter coupled logic (or ECL) is a design which uses transistors to steer current through gates which compute logical functions.
		ECL circuits operate with negative power supplies, and logic levels incompatible with other families, which means that interoperation between ECL and other designs is difficult.
		The fact that the high and low logic levels are relatively close mean that ECL suffers from small noise margins, which can be troublesome in some circumstances.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ec/ECL.html (286 words)

	Active load for emitter coupled logic gate US Patent 4806796 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Emitter follower transistor 37 has its emitter coupled to voltage terminal V.sub.EE by current source 38 and connected to output terminal 39, its base connected to the collector of transistor 31, and its collector coupled to voltage terminal V.sub.CC.
		Emitter follower transistor 37' has its emitter coupled to voltage terminal VEE by current source 38' and connected to output terminal 39', its base connected to the collector of transistor 30, and its collector coupled to voltage terminal V.sub.CC.
		Emitter follower transistor 47 has its emitter coupled to voltage terminal V.sub.EE by current source 48 and connected to output terminal 49, its base connected to the collector of transistor 41, and its collector coupled to voltage terminal V.sub.CC.
	patents.nimblewisdom.com /patent/4806796-Active-load-for-emitter-coupled-logic-gate (2748 words)

	Emitter coupled logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In electronics, emitter coupled logic (or ECL) is a design which uses transistor s to steer current through gates which compute logical functions.
		ECL (E mitter- C oupled L ogic) A digital circuit composed of bipolar transistors in which the emitter ends are wired together.
		IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science The LICS Symposium is an annual international forum on theoretical and practical topics in computer science that relate to logic in a broad sense.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Emitter_coupled_logic.html (1925 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: ECL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		ECL models are high-speed and often utilize differential signal lines - electrical signals consisting of a pair of logically opposed signal lines running generally side-by-side.
		In many ECL parts families, the output drivers are a `Wired-OR' technology where outputs don't drive the low logic value strongly and can be wired together and the resultant net resolved to a logic value `1' if any of the outputs are at that value.
		ECL and FECS have biannual joint meetings in which the ECL is represented by Liisa Elovainio, Lilly Christensen and Nicolas Kordiolis.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/ECL (312 words)

	Emitter coupled logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In electronics emitter coupled logic (or ECL) is a design which uses transistors to steer current through gates which logical functions.
		ECL circuits with negative power supplies and logic levels with other families which means that interoperation ECL and other designs is difficult.
		The drawbacks associated with ECL have meant it has been used mainly when high is a vital requirement and other families advanced CMOS variants) have been gradually taking over use in some applications.
	www.freeglossary.com /Emitter_coupled_logic (326 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Emitter coupled logic
		By comparison, TTL and related families use transistors as digital switches (ECL is also digital), where transistors are either cut off or saturated, depending on the state of the circuit.
		A bias configuration supplies a constant voltage at the midrange of the low and high logic levels to the differential amplifier, so that the appropriate logical function of the input voltages will control the amplifier and the base of the output transistor (this output transistor is used in common emitter configuration?).
		However, some experts predict increasing use of ECL in the future, particularly in conjunction with more widespread adoption of advanced semiconductors such as GaAs, wich has always been the semiconductor of the future, but cannot be produced as cheap/clean as Si and is toxic.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/ECL (433 words)

	Diode-transistor logic: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Transistor-transistor logic (ttl) is a class of digital circuits built from bipolar junction transistors (bjt), and resistors....
		Resistor-transistor logic (rtl) is a class of digital circuits built from bipolar junction transistors (bjt), and resistors; it is the earliest transistorized...
		A gate array or uncommitted logic array (ula) is an approach to the design and manufacture of application-specific integrated circuits (asics)....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/di/diode-transistor_logic.htm (581 words)

	Emitter-coupled logic circuit device - Patent 4477740
		The output buffer circuit is driven by the differential voltage between ground and the constant voltage, and the inner logic circuit for performing the signal processing is driven by the remaining differential voltage between the constant voltage and the voltage source, thereby decreasing the overall power consumption of the ECL circuit device.
		The output signals of the inner logic gate circuit 2 are inputted to the level converter circuit 5, and the output signals of the level converter circuit 5 are inputted to the output buffer circuit 3.
		The logic input signals fed to the ECL are inputted to the inner logic gate circuit 2 through the input buffer circuit 1.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4477740.html (2925 words)

	Inside Logic Gates
		The result is transistor-transistor logic, which became the standard logic circuit in most applications for a number of years.
		Also known as Current Mode Logic (CML), ECL gates are specifically designed to operate at extremely high speeds, by avoiding the "lag" inherent when transistors are allowed to become saturated.
		Most logic families share a common characteristic: their inputs require a certain amount of current in order to operate correctly.
	www.play-hookey.com /digital/electronics (932 words)

	LVDS, CML, ECL-differential interfaces with odd voltages
		ECL - Emitter Coupled Logic - is the oldest of the three and dates back to the early 1960s.
		ECL can be used single-endedly or differentially depending upon the application and noise margins needed.
		PECL - Positive Emitter Coupled Logic, also sometime referred to as Pseudo ECL is really just operating the ECL devices between and positive voltage and ground, vs ground and a negative voltage.
	www.national.com /nationaledge/may03/article.html (2970 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Compared to contemporary ECL circuits, TTL uses less power and had easier design rules, but was typically slower; designers can combine ECL and TTL devices in the same system to achieve best overall performance and economy.
		The RISC machine was to be based on ECL technology and was one of three ECL projects DIGITAL...
		Low Voltage Positive Emitter Coupled Logic, or LVPECL, is a power optimized version of the Positive Emitter Coupled Logic (PECL) technology, requiring a positive 3.3V instead of 5V supply.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/E/Emitter-coupled-logic.htm (507 words)

	emitter opticom on GlobalSpec
		Logic Gates (51 companies) Logic gates are electronic circuits that combine digital signals according to boolean algebra.
		Flip-flops (36 companies) Flip-flops are digital logic devices that synchronize changes in output state (1 or 0) according to a clocked input.
		Once the emitter type or design is chosen for the application, a KR 85 can be used as a low cost housing option.
	www.globalspec.com /industrial-directory/Emitter_Opticom (1316 words)

	Integrated circuit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A monolithic integrated circuit (also known as IC, microchip, silicon chip, computer chip or chip) is a miniaturized electronic circuit (consisting mainly of semiconductor devices, as well as passive components) which has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material.
		A memory device is the most regular type of integrated circuit; the highest density devices are thus memories; but even a microprocessor will have memory on the chip.
		These devices contain circuits whose logical function and connectivity can be programmed by the user, rather than being fixed by the integrated circuit manufacturer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Integrated_circuit (3152 words)

	Emitter-Coupled Logic
		Emitter-Coupled Logic is based on the use of a multi-input differential amplifier to amplify and combine the digital signals, and emitter followers to adjust the dc voltage levels.
		In operation, a logical ouput changes state by only 0.85 volt, from a low of -1.60 volts to a high of -0.75 volt.
		To minimize this problem, some devices such as frequency counters use an ECL decade counter at the input end of the circuitry, followed by TTL or high-speed CMOS counters at the later digit positions.
	www.play-hookey.com /digital/electronics/ecl_gates.html (535 words)

	Low power wideband switching array element - Patent 4535360
		The reason for such a high power dissipation is that in conventional ECL circuits, the switching element draws full power independent of whether the element is in the enabled state or disabled state.
		The emitters of the emitter-coupled pair of transistors are connected to the collector of a transistorized current source whose emitter in turn is connected to a resistor.
		The reason is that the base to emitter voltage of transistor 201 cannot be greater than illustratively 0.7 volts, as required to turn transistor 201 on when point 207 is illustratively at a potential greater than -2.0 volts.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4535360.html (2339 words)

	Logic Gates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Positive logic is an electronic representation in which the true state is at a higher voltage, while negative logic has the true state at a lower voltage.
		Logic circuits are grouped into families, each with their own set of detailed operating rules.
		The schematic symbols of the basic gates and the logic truth tables are shown in figure 7.1.
	www.phys.ualberta.ca /~gingrich/phys395/notes/node122.html (238 words)

	Logic Families
		The types of logic devices are classified in "families", of which the most important are TTL and CMOS.
		Integrated circuits in the TTL logic family have part numbers which are four to five digit numbers.
		With the introduction of other types of construction of devices, letters were added to center of the numbers to remind the user that basic TTL chips are not being used.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/electronic/logfam.html (340 words)

	Resistor-Transistor Logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Raising any one input to +5 volts will be sufficient to turn the transistor on, and applying additional logic 1 (+5 volt) inputs will not really have any appreciable effect on the output voltage.
		However, the only way the output can be pulled down to logic 0 is if both transistors are turned on by logic 1 inputs.
		If either input is a logic 0 that transistor cannot conduct, so there is no current through either one.
	www.ffldusoe.edu /faculty/Denenberg/Topics/Digital_Logic/digital/electronics/rtl_gates.html (829 words)

	Electronics Glossary -- E
		A guided beam of electrons is fired at the substrate causing the dopant to be driven into it, effectively allowing molecular-thin layers to be "painted" onto the substrate where required.
		Logic gates implemented using particular configurations of bipolar junction transistors.
		A concept in which each type of logic function is assigned an equivalent gate value for the purposes of comparing functions and devices.
	www.maxmon.com /ee.htm (665 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		ECL is the fastest logic family, it can be so wasteful of energy as to make ECL undesirable for many systems which would otherwise benefit from its speed advantage.
		logic power supply voltage plane operating at +5 volts and the second voltage plane is a Vtt termination voltage plane operating at +3 volts.
		In the preferred embodiment, typical device output structures 16 would include open emitter or open drain structures sourcing current from the first voltage plane 12, with the sourced current depending upon the logic state.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/25867.010412&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (2090 words)

	Digital Logic Gates Part-VI
		Emitter coupled logic (ECL) is a non saturated logic.
		Preventing the transistors from going into saturation is accomplished by using logic levels whose values are so close to each other that a transistor is not driven into saturation when its input switches from low to high.
		MOS or Metal Oxide Semiconductor logic uses nmos and pmos to implement logic gates.
	www.asic-world.com /digital/gates6.html (300 words)

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