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	Wikinfo \| Emma Eckstein
		Emma Eckstein was a patient of Sigmund Freud who underwent disastrous nasal surgery prescribed by Freud.
		Freud diagnosed Emma as suffering from a "nasal reflex neurosis" he claimed to have discovered, based on inspiration from a nasally-obsessed physician, Wilhelm Fliess.
		Miss Eckstein's nasal passages were so damaged that the left side of her face began to cave in, leaving her disfigured.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Emma_Eckstein (317 words)

	Emma Eckstein
		Emma Eckstein (1865 - 1924) was an early patient of Sigmund Freud who underwent disastrous nasal surgery, undertaken by Freud's friend and confidant, Wilhelm Fliess.
		When she was 27, she came to Freud seeking treatment for vague symptoms including stomach ailments and slight depression related to menstruation.
		Eckstein's nasal passages were so damaged that she was left permanently disfigured.
	music.musictnt.com /biography/sdmc_Emma_Eckstein (290 words)

	Emma's Nose (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Emma's Nose is either a brilliant addition to the anti-Freud industry or a blatant exploitation of it or both.
		During all this Emma (Meaghan Davies) doesn't say much because she is swathed in mummy-like bandages.
		Blood pours, literally, from Emma's mouth, staining her bandages a deep scarlet and making visible the bottom of her agonised face.
	www.realtimearts.net /rt44/meyrick.html (737 words)

	Science Show - 3 June 2006 - Sigmund Freud
		Jeffrey Masson tells the bizarre story of Sigmund Freud, his patient Emma Eckstein, and his friend Dr Wilhelm Fliess, who believed that a woman's nose was connected to her genitals, and therefore, women with menstrual complaints could be cured by having a nose operation.
		That is, he blamed the bleeding on Emma Eckstein, not on the operation by Fliess.
		That's precisely what happened; Freud decided that these accounts by Emma Eckstein, and other women like her, of having been seduced by a man in their childhood were simply fantasies, they were the product of hysterical, unconscious lying, self-deception.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/scienceshow/stories/2006/1652467.htm (971 words)

	VICTIMS OF MEMORY BY MARK PENDERGRAST
		Emma Eckstein was one of the first patients upon whom Freud practiced another form of questionable therapy that became the cornerstone for his psychological theories.
		Eckstein treated her patient deliberately in such a manner as not to give her the slightest hint of what will emerge from the unconscious, and in the process obtained.
		Even assuming that Eckstein was dealing with a new patient, however, we have only Freud's second-hand assurance that the therapist didn't give the "slightest hint" of the sort of incest memories she sought.
	human-nature.com /esterson/pendergrast.html (5158 words)

	M/C Reviews
		Emma's Nose is a play constructed around the actual correspondence between Sigmund Freud and Wilhelm Fleiss - a doctor so ignorant and blasé in seeking concrete evidence for his crackpot theories concerning neuroses and 'feminine ailments' - as to equal and perhaps surpass Freud himself.
		The general gist of the play is that a young girl, Emma Eckstein (played by underused actor Kylie Morris) is treated by Freud and Fleiss (Jonathon Turner and Eugene Gilfedder respectively) for an illness, which Freud decides is the result of Emma's sexual impulse being transferred to her nose.
		Freud and Fleiss experience a mild hiccup in their relationship of mutual intellectual masturbation, but all is resolved when they discover that they are as capable of rationalising the event with the help of drugs and abstract theory.
	reviews.media-culture.org.au /print.php?sid=356 (624 words)

	BEWARE OF DOGMAS AND DEBTS
		Freud has already begun to represent to Fliess and to himself that Emma Eckstein's problems originated with her, and not in the external world (in this case with two overzealous doctors).
		The truth is that the source of Emma Eckstein's bleeding was to be found neither in serious of 23-day and 28-day cycles nor in hysterical longing, but in an unnecessary operation which was performed because of a folie a deux on the part of two misguided doctors (Freud and Fliess).
		Freud had the option to recognize this, confess it to Emma Eckstein, confront Fliess with the truth, and face the consequences.
	www.mtsu.edu /~socwork/frost/soc/thera/FREUD.htm (3924 words)

	ipedia.com: Sigmund Freud Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Freud was a smoker of Churchill-style cigars for most of his life; even after having his jaw removed due to malignancy, he continued to smoke until his death.
		Freud was an early user and proponent of cocaine (see Freud and Cocaine), and also a developer of the nasal reflex neurosis theory and practice with Wilfed Fliess.
		Emma Eckstein underwent disastrous nasal surgery by Fliess.
	www.ipedia.com /sigmund_freud.html (2144 words)

	Addendum - Jeffrey Masson and Freud's Seduction Theory by Allen Esterson
		In it he quotes a passage from the unpublished 'Project for a Scientific Psychology' in which Freud states that his investigation revealed that 'Emma' (presumably Eckstein) had two memories from the age of eight that a shopkeeper had 'grabbed at her genitals through her clothes'.
		Longer-lasting remission of symptoms was supposedly achieved by cauterization of the genital spot, and in a few cases, such as that of Emma Eckstein, Fliess performed a surgical procedure involving the removal of a bone within the nose (Masson, 1984[1985]: 77).
		It seems possible that Masson is playing down Freud's enthusiastic espousal of Fliess's nose theories because it may appear to be incompatible with his contention in the succeeding passage that Freud was beginning to focus on the notion of childhood sexual abuse as the cause of neurotic symptoms as early as 1893.
	www.human-nature.com /esterson/addendum.html (3415 words)

	Sigmund Freud - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sigmund is the grandfather of painter Lucian Freud and comedian and writer Clement Freud, and the great-grandfather of journalist Emma Freud, and fashion designer Bella Freud.
		Freud was an early user and proponent of cocaine (see Freud and Cocaine), and also a developer of the nasal reflex neurosis theory and practice with Wilhelm Fleiss.
		Emma Eckstein underwent disastrous nasal surgery by Fleiss.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=26743 (3187 words)

	Shrunk to size - smh.com.au
		In his play Emma's Nose, we find Freud valiantly struggling to find a psychosexual reason to explain why his patient, Emma Eckstein, keeps hemorrhaging.
		Emma is bleeding because Freud's friend, Dr Wilhelm Fliess, whom Freud asked to operate on Emma, left a metre of gauze up her nose.
		The laughs derive from Freud's efforts to blame Emma's bleeding on unresolved conflicts in her unconscious rather than his friend's negligence.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2002/12/06/1038950155456.html (952 words)

	The New York Review of Books: 'ASSAULT ON TRUTH'
		Rycroft mentions my speculation that Emma Eckstein may have had an illegitimate child, but fails to note that I relegated it to an appendix and drew no conclusions from it.
		What I suggest is that Freud, as her analyst, would have known if she had an illegitimate child, and that the existence of such a child could help to explain some of Emma Eckstein's concerns as revealed in her writings.
		I do not connect Emma Eckstein's writings or speculation about her child with the seduction theory discussed in the main body of my book.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/5761 (659 words)

	Grand Delusions - Chapter 7
		Eckstein suffered from profuse bleeding as a result of the operation, during which she nearly died.
		If Emma Eckstein's problems (her bleeding) had nothing to do with the real world (Fleiss's operation), then her earlier accounts of seduction could well have been fantasies.
		As Masson points out, once Freud had decided that Eckstein's hemorrhages were hysterical symptoms and the result of sexual fantasies, he was free to give up his original seduction theory.
	www.primaltherapy.com /GrandDelusions/GD07.htm (6075 words)

	History House: Freud and Cocaine -- The Deal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Freud's inevitable disillusionment started around the same time, with the treatment of a young woman by the name of Emma Eckstein.
		Emma suffered from hysteria, and Freud figured that there was no-one better to cure her disease than his good friend and "magical healer" Fleiss.
		A month later, Emma came to see Freud again - she was in considerable pain and had clearly developed a serious infection.
	www.historyhouse.com /in_history/cocaine (2571 words)

	Emma's Nose
		Fortunately I am finally seeing my way clear and am reassured about Miss Eckstein and can give you a report which will probably upset you as much as it did me, but I hope you will get over it as quickly as I did.
		I wrote you that the swelling and the hemorrhages would not stop, and that suddenly a fetid odor set in, and that there was an obstacle upon irrigation.
		An odd idea of a different sort I shall entrust to you only after we have Eckstein off our minds.
	www.haverford.edu /psych/ddavis/f_emma.html (842 words)

	Emma Eckstein - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
		Emma Eckstein (1865 - 1924) es conocida por ser una de las primeras pacientes de Sigmund Freud y de las cirugías experimentales de Wilhelm Fliess.
		Eckstein provenía de una familia socialista prominente y participó de forma activa en movimientos feministas.
		Las fosas nasales de Eckstein resultaron tan dañadas que terminó desfigurada permanentemente.
	es.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emma_Eckstein (301 words)

	Sigmund Freud Biography and List of Works - Sigmund Freud Books
		Sigmund is the grandfather of painter Lucian Freud and comedian, politician and writer Clement Freud, and the great-grandfather of journalist Emma Freud, fashion designer Bella Freud and media magnates Matthew Freud and Ria Willems.
		He wrote several articles on the antidepressant qualities of the drug, and he was influenced by his friend and confidant, Wilhelm Fliess, who recommended cocaine for the treatment of the "nasal reflex neurosis." Fleiss operated on Freud and a number of Freud's patients whom he believed to be suffering from the disorder.
		Freud felt that cocaine would work as a cure-all for many disorders, and wrote a well-received paper, "On Coca", explaining its virtues.
	www.biblio.com /authors/592/Sigmund_Freud.html (3967 words)

	Analyse this, Sigmund - smh.com.au
		After her nose had bled and suppurated for many days, another surgeon found a mass of surgical gauze left in the wound.
		Freud meditated on the problem, and concluded that Emma's bleeding was hysterical in nature, caused by her wish to bring him to her bedside.
		It is only recently that we have gained a better understanding of Freud's intellectual adventure, and this has shown, among other things, its dependence on his women patients and collaborators.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2002/07/19/1026898908428.html (2536 words)

	American with Disability
		They are also trained in psychoanalysis and treat their patients using a mixture of both treatments.
		Edwards' campaign ended after a disappointing finish in the oral stage (exemplified by an infant's pleasure in nursing), then in the oral stage (exemplified by a strong ego and the great-grandfather of journalist Emma Freud, fashion designer Bella Freud and PR man Matthew Freud.
		Some clinical psychologists reject Freud's model of the unconscious, and to succeed Kerry if he were to win.
	cerebralpalsy.2vv1.com /americanwithdisability.html (920 words)

	P109g: Sample Irma paragraphs
		In light of Freud's letter to Fliess concerning the unsuccessful nasal surgery of Emma Eckstein, additional interpretation can be offered to Freud's dream of "Irma's Injection" concerning various sexual issues and the issue of pregnancy.
		Upon further analysis, it is clear that much of the latent content of the dream points to thoughts of my dear friend Fleiss, and the terribly unfortunate case of Emma Eckstein.
		As M. said, "there is no doubt of the infection;" this I also associate, (as well as Irma's pale and puffy appearance) in part with Emma's state of affairs, as the delayed removal of the gauze would certainly be cause for infection.
	www.haverford.edu /psych/ddavis/p109g/irmasamp.html (1145 words)

	World Association of International Studies » Blog Archive » Fraud in Science
		For the pregnant years 1887 to 1904, the essential source for Freud’s activities are his letters to an intimate friend and colleague, Wilhelm Fliess, a physician in Berlin, in which he admitted to Fliess that he had treated 13 hysterical women, and not one successfully.
		Fliess had developed a theory that associated the genitals with the nose, in such a way that disorders of the nose could cause psychosexual problems—nasal reflex neurosis”—which had to be treated by cauterizing and applying cocaine to the spongy bones of the nasal passages.
		When Emma returned to Vienna, she developed a grave infection and a near-fatal hemorrhage.
	cgi.stanford.edu /group/wais/cgi-bin/index.php?p=1496 (1116 words)

	Hines - Pseudoscience and the Paranormal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		When he removed a bone from Emma Eckstein's [patient of Freud and Fliess] nose, he left several feet of gauze in the wound.
		They were [he wrote] symbolic representations of Emma's sexual 'longing' for Freud and an attempt by her to seduce him." (p.116)
		What is worth dwelling on here, when one can stop giggling, is how the preference for the symbolic can obscure the prosaic.
	www.nous.org.uk /Hines.html (494 words)

	Amazon.com: "Emma Eckstein": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Almost two months later, on December 12, 1897, Freud reported on a patient treated by Emma Eckstein.
		Eckstein had evidently obtained an account of a childhood seduction by the patient's father:...
		Emma was a patient of Freud's in late 1894, the time when his fear of dying from a heart attack...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Emma-Eckstein (546 words)

	Chapter Five: Freud and the Devil: Sexual Seduction and Splitting (p. 156) -- Freud’s Christian Unconscious (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Freud, in trying to cover up for Fliess, went so far as to argue that this hemorrhaging, obviously caused by the botched operation, could be attributed to the patient’s neurotic fantasies—that is, to her being an hysteric.
		Freud wrote; “Emma has a scene [in mind] where the Diabolus sticks pins into her finger and puts a piece of candy on each drop of blood.”
		This quote sounds much more like Freud’s reminiscences of needles and cocaine—and the occult—than the natural expression of Emma Eckstein, a Jewish woman of 32 and a strong feminist.
	www.paulvitz.com /FreudsXtnUncon/156.html (511 words)

	D2: Psych class notes: February 2004
		Anna was the sixth and last of the children born to Martha and Sigmund Freud.
		She was born late in 1895, the year of Freud and Breuer published Studies on Hysteria, the year Wilhelm Fliess operated on Emma Eckstein.
		Her conception seems to have resulted from a failure either of her parents’ contraceptive technique or their resolve to employ it; and she took form along with Freud’s hermeneutic in the summer of the “Irma” dream.
	d2blog.typepad.com /psych_311/2004/02/index.html (1370 words)

	Sigmund Freud
		He himself became an enthusiastic user of cocaine, also handing it out to colleagues and relations (including his sisters) and praising its merits in various scholarly papers.
		Freud occasionally referred patients to Fleiss for this procedure, most notably Emma Eckstein whose treatment went tragically awry.
		But Freud himself was beginning to move away from a purely medical approach to psychiatry.
	www.nndb.com /people/736/000029649 (2722 words)

	Peter Klevius' psycho-social Freud timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		1895 In February Freud asked Fliess to cure Emma Eckstein’s “nasal reflex neurosis” (a hoax diagnose, see above) by unnecessarily removing the middle left concha of her nose.
		Emma was on the verge of bleeding to death from gauze that carelessly had been left within her nasal cavity.
		According to Freud Emma was not bleeding because of ruptured veins but because she had, unconsciously, fallen in love with Freud.
	klevius.info /psychotimeline.html?1077794492027 (3126 words)

	Books in Review: The Man Behind the Curtain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Unfortunately for him but luckily for history, Freud’s letters to Fliess fell into the hands of Princess Marie Bonaparte of Greece; although she was an orthodox Freudian of the dreariest kind, she refused his request to destroy the letters, much to Freud’s dismay.)
		Particularly outrageous was the "treatment" of one Emma Eckstein, one of Freud’s hysterical patients.
		It is a sign of how much fauna there is for the anti—Freudian to hunt in this grotesque menagerie that the Eckstein case is only alluded to on a few occasions in this scholarly brief against Freud.
	www.firstthings.com /ftissues/ft9901/reviews/oakes.html (1533 words)

	A Grubb Report on Sigmund Freud
		He hung out with some dubious types, like Wilhelm Fliess, who was convinced that there was an intimate connection between the nose and a woman's sexuality.
		Fliess even operated on one Emma Eckstein to cure her "hysteria" --- and damn near killed her.
		It wasn't Freud's doing, but Ferris manages to implicate him in this travesty because he didn't dump his friendship with Fliess after it was all over.
	www.ralphmag.org /freudZF.html (838 words)

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