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	Empedocles [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Empedocles’ world-view is of a cosmic cycle of eternal change, growth and decay, in which two personified cosmic forces, Love and Strife, engage in an eternal battle for supremacy.
		Empedocles' physics have a particularly biological focus as is indicated by his choice of the botanical metaphor of 'roots’ for what were later called 'elements'.
		Empedocles is an exponent of the pangenetic theory of embryology.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/e/empedocl.htm (5561 words)

	Empedocles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Empedocles' philosophy is best known for being the origin of the cosmogenic theory of the four classical elements.
		Empedocles maintained that all matter is made up of four elements (which he called roots): water, earth, air and fire.
		Empedocles was also a mystic and a poet, and some consider him the inventor of the study of rhetoric
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Empedocles (824 words)

	Empedocles
		Empedocles was born in Akgragas, a Greek city in Sicily, sometime in the early fifth century BCE.
		Empedocles, then, in contrast with his predecessors, was the first to introduce the dividing of this cause, not positing one source of movement, but different and contrary sources.
		Empedocles also has a paradoxical view; for he identifies the good with love, but this is a principle both as mover (for it brings things together) and as matter (for it is part of the mixture).
	www.abu.nb.ca /Courses/GrPhil/Empedocles.htm (3027 words)

	man with the purple robe
		Empedocles' writings were in the form of poems and only fragments of the two he published have survived.
		Empedocles' cosmological view is interesting in that he was the first of the early Greek philosophers to maintain that the four elements(earth, air, water, and fire) or "roots" were distinct species of matter from which everything else is made.
		Empedocles may be remembered as a scientist, doctor, and religious teacher, but most importantly, he should be regarded as one of the most unique and charismatic philosophers of the presocratic era.
	personal.ecu.edu /mccartyr/ancient/athens/Empedocles.htm (1205 words)

	Empedocles
		Empedocles was born in Acragas on the south coast of Sicily.
		Empedocles was a philosopher and poet: one of the most important of the philosophers working before Socrates (the Presocratics), and a poet of outstanding ability and of great influence upon later poets such as Lucretius.
		To him is attributed the invention of the four-element theory of matter (earth, air, fire, and water), one of the earliest theories of particle physics, put forward seemingly to rescue the phenomenal world from the static monism of Parmenides.
	www.philosophyprofessor.com /philosophers/empedocles.php (335 words)

	Empedocles posited a cycle of creation that alternated from Many to One with a world of mortal things between and from ...
		Its nature, moreover, can be deduced by examining Empedocles' sketch of the cosmogony of the world of mortal things in the period of increasing Strife and by taking into account the composition of the universe in the Many.
		Separation of the elements from a wholly unified state marks cosmogony in the phase of increasing Strife: fire and air move to the perimeter (or up) while earth and water move closer to the centre (or down) in order to create the world with which we are familiar.
		Beginning from the Many (the cosmogony that Empedocles fails to depict), on the other hand, the elements are already in the natural configuration for the world: four concentric spheres with the heaviest element at the centre and the lightest at the edge: their so-called "natural" positions.
	www.apaclassics.org /AnnualMeeting/04mtg/abstracts/galsworthy.html (459 words)

	Empedocles - Greek Philosopher - Crystalinks
		Empedocles was also a mystic and a poet, and some consider him the inventor of the study of rhetoric.
		Empedocles is considered the last Greek philosopher to write in verse and the surviving fragments of his teaching are from his two poems, Purifications and On Nature.
		Empedocles is the subject of Friedrich Hölderlin's play Tod des Empedokles (Death of Empedocles), two versions of which were written between the years 1798 and 1800.
	www.crystalinks.com /empedocles.html (510 words)

	Empedocles
		His grandfather Empedocles was victorious in the Olympian chariot race in 496; in 470 his father Meto was largely instrumental in the overthrow of the tyrant Thrasydaeus.
		Empedocles, according to one story, was one midnight, after a feast held in his honor, called away in a blaze of glory to the gods; according to another, he had only thrown himself into the crater of Etna, in the hope that men, finding no traces of his end, would suppose him translated to heaven.
		While, on one hand, he combines much that had been suggested by Parmenides, Pythagoras and the Ionic schools, he has germs of truth that Plato and Aristotle afterwards developed; he is at once a firm believer in Orphic mysteries, and a scientific thinker, precursor of the physical scientists.
	www.nndb.com /people/832/000087571 (1422 words)

	SparkNotes: Presocratics: Empedocles
		Empedocles was the first to face this challenge, and he set the model for all later attempts, by arguing for the existence of certain basic substances of the universe (in his case the four elements) that have many of the key features of the Parmenidean Real.
		Empedocles was born in Acragas, Sicily around 492 B.C. He was a philosopher, a medical man, an active politician, and a truly flamboyant figure.
		Empedocles, like those who came after him, was forced to both explain what he meant by change and to give a very specific account (by Presocratic standards) of how change occurs.
	www.sparknotes.com /philosophy/presocratics/section8.rhtml (1243 words)

	Empedocles of Acragas
		Empedocles explains differences in living matter using the same argument; muscle is formed by a different combination of elements than, say, bone or fat.
		Empedocles argues that this cycle will continue eternally, and two major conclusions follow from his argument: First, the cyclical nature of the universe introduces the possibility of reincarnation.
		Empedocles argues that some of these bodily forms were better suited for survival than others, resulting in the disappearance of monstrous beings and the evolution of modern life.
	www.perseus.tufts.edu /GreekScience/Students/Jesse/Jesse.html (619 words)

	Theosophy Trust
		Empedocles was born there around 495 B.C., the son of Meton, a prosperous and influential citizen.
		Empedocles recognized that a complete philosophical perspective must not only meet the highest intellectual and material needs of individuals but also satisfy the spiritual potentials of humanity.
		For Empedocles, the purification of a self-conscious daimon consists in adhering to the ethical precepts of Pythagoreans.
	www.theosophytrust.org /tlodocs/articlesTeacher.php?d=Empedocles.htm&p=39 (3290 words)

	The Love and Strife Philosophy of Empedocles
		Because synthesis was his speciality, Empedocles arrived at a new cosmology that unites the conflicting standpoints of Heraclitus and Parmenides and reconciles flux and fire with monism.
		Empedocles came to the conclusion that motion and change actually exist and that at the same time reality is fundamentally changeless, allowing the validity of both Heraclitean and Parmenidean doctrines and combining them into a new and surprising concept.
		Moreover, Empedocles' cosmology can be thought of as an anticipation of modern cosmology if we identify the state of complete unity with the hypothetical state of all matter being condensed into energy at the moment of the Big Bang.
	www.thebigview.com /greeks/empedocles.html (1283 words)

	Empedocles of Acragas Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson
		Empedocles was so great and rare a man that he left no school; none of his admirers or disciples, not even the faithful Pausanias, was able to continue the master's work.
		Empedocles believed that light travelled with a finite velocity, not through any experimental evidence, of course, but simply through reasoning.
		Empedocles says that the light from the Sun arrives first in the intervening space before it comes to the eye, or reaches the Earth.
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /empedocles.htm (1093 words)

	Empedocles of Acragas presented in History section
		Empedocles was a citizen of Acragas in Sicily.
		Empedocles was a preacher of the new religion which sought to secure release from the “wheel of birth” by purity and abstinence.
		Aristotle said that Empedocles was the inventor of Rhetoric; and Galen made him the founder of the Italian school of Medicine, which he puts on a level with those of Kos and Cnidos.
	www.newsfinder.org /site/more/empedocles_of_acragas (1258 words)

	TMTh:: EMPEDOCLES OF ACRAGAS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Empedocles, in other words, foreshadowed modern theories of nebulae, atoms and nuclei; he was also the first to formulate a corpuscular theory of matter.
		He formulated an optical "theory of the emanation of light particles" (radiation), and a similar theory - the "repulsion" and "attraction" of magnets - to explain magnetic phenomena: that is, his acceptance of the entry and exit of magnetic lines was in fact an intuition of magnetic flow.
		Empedocles was the first to formulate the theory of the imperishability of matter.
	www.tmth.edu.gr /en/aet/5/41.html (426 words)

	Empedocles (volcano) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Empedocles is comprised of several volcanic centers, including Ferdinandea.
		Empedocles is a large underwater volcano located 40 km off the southern coast of Sicily named after the Greek philosopher Empedocles who believed that everything on Earth was made up of the four elements.
		Located in the Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia (Phlegraean Fields of the Strait of Sicily), Empedocles is comprised of what was once believed to be separate volcanic centers, including Ferdinandea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Empedocles_(volcano) (218 words)

	New Fragments of Empedocles on Papyrus
		It must belong to an edition of Empedocles, and not to a text of a prose author quoting the passage (as shown by the disposition of the hexameter line on the papyrus).
		The context, significance and position of B 88 in Empedocles' poem are revealed through an analysis of the possibilities for reconstructing the surrounding lines, thereby expanding our text of B 88.
		While the library possessed, so far as we know, no copy of Empedocles' poem, nevertheless its books are seen to demonstrate through quotation a close acquaintance with the text of Empedocles received through an Alexandrian editorial tradition.
	www.apaclassics.org /AnnualMeeting/05mtg/abstracts/obbink.html (335 words)

	Empedocles Biography and Summary
		Empedocles was born of a noble family in the...
		Empedocles is regarded as a pre-Socratic philosopher, although his lifetime overlaps that of Socrates.
		Empedocles' philosophy is best known for being the origin of the cosmogenic theory of the four classical elements.
	www.bookrags.com /Empedocles (479 words)

	[No title]
		Anaxagoras agreed with Empedocles that all coming into and going out of being is merely the composition and decomposition of existing substances, but he rejected Empedocles' Love and Strife theory, probably because there was no scientific reason that spoke for it.
		This group includes Heraclitus Empedocles, and Anaxagoras, who lived in the fifth century B.C. These philosophers, like the early Ionians, were deeply interested in the problem of the origin and nature of the universe.
		Empedocles has the distinction of having introduced into philosophy the doctrine of four elements, or four "roots", as he calls them, namely, fire, air, earth, and water, out of which the centripetal force of love and the centrifugal force of hatred made all things, and are even now making and unmaking all things.
	www.lycos.com /info/anaxagoras--heraclitus-empedocles.html (383 words)

	Empedocles (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Empedocles seems to have Parmenides' arguments in mind when he denies that these elements or forces come to be or pass away.
		Empedocles says that flesh and blood are composed of approximately equal parts of earth, fire, water, and aither (B 98).
		Empedocles describes (B 128) what sounds like a golden age in which the reigning divinity was Aphrodite, the goddess of love and sex, not Ares, god of war, nor Zeus, nor Kronos, nor Poseidon.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/empedocles (3527 words)

	Elemental: The Four Elements
		According to the Empedocles, a Greek philosopher, scientist and healer who lived in Sicily in the fifth century B.C., all matter is comprised of four "roots" or elements of earth, air, fire and water.
		Empedocles' philosophy was influenced not only by Pythagoras, but also by the ancient Greek mystery traditions, which included the Orphic mysteries and the underworld cults of Hades, Hecate, Demeter, Persephone and Dionysos.
		Empedocles said that those who have near equal proportions of the four elements are more intelligent and have the most exact perceptions.
	www.webwinds.com /thalassa/elemental.htm (1389 words)

	Essays in Philosophy
		Indeed, within the compass of some 70 lines, Empedocles alternates repeatedly between dogmatic asseverations about the cycle or the first principles, and various arguments or exegetical remarks meant to bolster those assertions, but there does not seem to be any obvious logical principle to the exposition.
		I will be focussing therefore on what Empedocles simply asserts to be the case, and on the way he asserts it, at the expense of some of the reasons why he thinks it so, or of the consequences of its being so.
		In this regard, Empedocles' main exposition of his philosophical framework is another example of what is sometimes called by literary critics the 'proleptic style' in archaic literature, an approach characterised by the gradual development of recurrent images and themes, passing from an initially enigmatic statement to some form of resolution or solution.
	www.humboldt.edu /~essays/paper1.html (6678 words)

	Empedocles on Etna
		Sigmund Freud admired Empedocles of Acrabas because the Greek philosopher confirmed his hypothesis that we are subject to two primary instinctive forces, the life instinct and the death instinct.
		Now the pre-Socratic philosopher Empedocles of Acragas was under the influence of the Pythagoreans and, perhaps, the dissident Orphic cult, which was tolerated provided it did not interfere in politics, yet he was also a natural philosopher - he was a eclectic as well as an original thinker.
		Empedocles of Acragas, as we shall see later on, was guilt-ridden, but he was not a despairing suicide: he was certain of his theology; he knew very well what to do.
	www.angelfire.com /journal2/dragonpearl/etna.html (2352 words)

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