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Topic: Emperor An of Jin China

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	History of China
		China is the world's oldest continuous major civilization, with written records dating back about 3,500 years and with 5,000 years being commonly used by Chinese as the age of the civilization.
		China was ruled by two independent dynasties, one in the south and the other in the north, and hence coined the era of Southern and Northern Dynasties.
		China was divided yet again, into the PRC on the mainland and the ROC on the island of Taiwan, with two governments that each regarded themselves as the one true Chinese government and denouncing each other as illegitimate.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/hi/History_of_China.html (3557 words)

	ipedia.com: History of China Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		China is the world's oldest continuous major civilization, with written records dating back about 3,500 years and with 5,000 years being commonly used by Chinese as the age of their civilization.
		Emperor Guangwu of Han China reinstated the Han dynasty with the support of land-holding and merchant families at Luoyang, east of Xian; hence the new era is termed the Eastern Han Dynasty.
		China was divided yet again, into the PRC on the mainland and the ROC on Taiwan and several outlying islands of Fujian, with two governments, each of which regarded itself as the one true Chinese government and denounced the other as illegitimate.
	www.ipedia.com /history_of_china.html (3958 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > History of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Prehistoric Times China was inhabited more than a million years ago by Homo erectus: the excavations at Yuanmou and later Lantian show early habitation, however any connection between these people and modern Chinese is tentative.
		The Chinese Empire The word China was probably derived from "Chin" (Qin), whereas could be "Sin" from Old Chinese, the engendered of tonal bifurcation and voicing distinction of Middle Chinese still remains in many dialects like Cantonese as well as Japanese and Korean.
		Mongols The Jin Dynasty was defeated by the Mongols who then proceeded to defeat the Southern Song in a long and bloody war, which was the first war ever in which firearms played an important role, a period of peace began for nearly all of Asia.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/hi/History_of_China (3601 words)

	Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity
		Jin, the Sixteen Kingdoms, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties
		Along with the refugees from the North, Emperor Yuan of Jin China reinstated the Jin regime at present Nanjing in the south.
		As China was ruled by two independent dynasties, one in the south and the other in the north, this is called the era of Southern and Northern Dynasties.
	www.archira.com /han.html (935 words)

	Han Zhao - China-related Topics HA-HD - China-Related Topics
		Although chronologically the Han Zhao was not the first of the kingdoms, its armies sacked the Jin dynastic capitals of Luoyang in 311 and Chang'an in 316.
		Emperor Huai of Jin ChinaEmperor Huai and Emperor Min of Jin ChinaEmperor Min of the Jin were captured, humiliated and executed.
		Speculations had recounted that Liu Yuan was once considered the commander of the Jin forces in the conquest of the Kingdom of Wu; consideration was later dropped due to his Hunnic ethnicity.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Han_Zhao (1040 words)

	Religion in China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Historically the emperor was regarded as the Son of and he typically led the imperial court performing elaborate annual rituals.
		A central of the dynastic cycle was that an unjust imperial dynasty had lapsed into corruption could lose the Mandate of Heaven and be overthrown by a rebellion.
		The People's Republic of China was established in 1949 and for much of its early maintained a hostile attitude toward religion which seen as emblematic of feudalism and foreign colonialism.
	www.freeglossary.com /Religion_in_China (1308 words)

	Emperor Fei of Jin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Emperor Fei of Jin (晋废帝/晉廢帝, pinyin Jìn Fèidì, Wade-Giles Chin Fei-ti) (342-November 23, 386), personal name Sima Yi (司馬奕), courtesy name Yanling (延齡), was an emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (265-420) in China.
		He spread rumors that Emperor Fei was impotent and unable to bear children -- and that his sons, by his concubines Consort Tian and Consort Meng, had in fact been biological sons of men that he favored, Xiang Long (相龍), Ji Hao (計好), and Zhu Lingbao (朱靈寶).
		Emperor Fei was reduced in rank to Prince of Donghai, the title he had held for most of his life.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emperor_Fei_of_Jin_China (877 words)

	Jin Dynasty (1115-1234): Ancient China Dynasties
		An uneasy period of peace during which the rival Jin and Southern Song existed side by side was made possible by the Jin allying themselves with the Western Xia.
		In effect, surrounded by Mongolia to the north, the Western Xia to the west, and the Southern Song to the south, the Jin was in an unfavourable situation.
		The emperor of the Jin fled to Caizhou (Runan County in Henan Province).
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/jin_dynasty (1452 words)

	The Mongol Conquest of Xi-Xia and Jin - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		China History Forum is an online chinese history forum, discussion board or community for all who are interested in learning and discussing chinese history from prehistoric till modern times, including chinese art of war, chinese culture topics.
		As often happened when invaders from the north established themselves in China, the cavalry eventually declined in effectiveness due to horse shortages, the difficulty of administering the traditional recruitment system under new social conditions, and the growing distaste of the aristocracy for military affairs as they began to adopt the values of the Chinese gentry.
		The Jin emperor then sent reinforcements north: Yongxi 永锡 leading the troops from Zhending 真定 and Zhongshan 中山 (numbers not given), and Wugulun Qingshou 乌古论庆寿 leading 18,000 Imperial Guards, 11,000 infantry and cavalry from the Southwestern Route 西南路, and 10,000 soldiers from Hebei, with Li Ying in charge of the supply train.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=4248 (4870 words)

	History of Chinese Religion - ReligionFacts
		China is one of the most ancient civilizations on earth, and Chinese religion is one of the oldest forms of religion.
		Emperor Wu-ti's desire for immortality for himself and deceased loved ones led him to employ a number of intermediaries who claimed to be able to make contact with the world of the immortals.
		The Republic of China succeeded the Ch'ing Dynasty.
	www.religionfacts.com /chinese_religion/history.htm (3954 words)

	China Excursions :: Travel to or Tour around China with our help
		Emperor Guangwu reinstated the Han Dynasty with the support of land-holding and merchant families at Luoyang, east of Xi'an; hence the new era is termed the Eastern Han Dynasty (東漢朝).
		The 2nd Sui Emperor was the exact opposite of his father, excessive and brutal in his spending and power.
		Some of China's new battleships didn't even have gunpowder, because the officials in charge had embezzled the maintenance money, and a huge amount of the capital had been spent to construct the Summer Palace, Yiheyuan.
	www.chinaexcursions.com /mod-subjects-printpage-pageid-105-scope-all.html (5929 words)

	swuklink: Searchable Time-Line (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Defeat of the troops of the Jin Dynasty of China by Former Yan of the Xianbei
		Death of Emperor Xiaowu of the Chinese Jin Dynasty; succeeded by Emperor An
		Chinese Emperor Xiaoming succeeded by Emperor Xiaojing as ruler of the Nan Liang Dynasty
	www.swuklink.com /BAAAGDJA.php?srchstr=Jin (2279 words)

	china-history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In 1115 the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) (
		China's problems were compounded by the Manchus' policy of surpressing Han Chinese.
		Some of China's new battleships did not even have gunpowder, because the officials in charge had embezzled the maintenance money and huge amount of the capital has been spend to contruct Yiheyuan.
	www.china-101.net /chinahistory.html (6067 words)

	Royalty.nu - The History of China - Chinese Royalty
		Emperor Huizong and Late Northern Song China: The Politics of Culture and the Culture of Politics edited by Patricia Buckley Ebrey and Maggie Bickford.
		A commoner's presentation to the emperor of a lucky omen from his garden and several retellings of the incident provide the background for an introduction to Ming society, culture, and politics, including discussions of the founding of the Ming dynasty, the character of the first emperor, and the role of omens in court politics.
		Emperor of China: Self-Portrait of K'Ang-Hsi by Jonathan D. Spence uses original documents to tell the life story of Manchu emperor K'ang-Hsi, who ruled China from 1661 to 1772.
	www.royalty.nu /Asia/China (2139 words)

	China Overview and Introduction with General Information about China!
		Though these three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in AD 280 by the (Western) Jin dynasty, the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu Hu) groups ravaged the country in the early 4th century and provoked large-scale Han Chinese migrations to south of the Chang Jiang.
		Emperor Kanxi commanded the most complete dictionary of Chinese characters ever put together at the time, and under Emperor Qianlong, the compilation of a catalogue of all important works on Chinese culture was made.
		Chiang Kai-shek fled with the remnants of his government and military forces to Tai8wan, where he proclaimed Taipei to be the Republic of China's "provisional capital" and vowed to reconquer the Chinese mainland.
	www.landingchina.com /china_overview/history/History_of_China.htm (3712 words)

	Emperor Gong of Jin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He became emperor in 419 after his developmentally disabled brother Emperor An was killed by the regent Liu Yu, and during his brief reign, actual power was in Liu Yu's hands.
		Throughout Emperor An's early reign, Sima Dewen received increasingly honorific offices, but had little actual power, as the power was initially in the hands of his uncle, the regent Sima Daozi the Prince of Kuaiji, and later in the hands of Sima Daozi's son Sima Yuanxian.
		In early 405, Huan Zhen was defeated, and Emperor An and Sima Dewen returned to the capital Jiankang, but by this point power was in Liu Yu's hands, albeit in a power-sharing agreement with a number of allies that he had to recruit in his campaign against Huan Xuan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emperor_Gong_of_Jin_China (1299 words)

	Emperor Yuan of Jin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Emperor Yuan of Jin (晋元帝/晉元帝, pinyin Jìn Yuándì, Wade-Giles Chin Yüan-ti) (276-January 3, 323), personal name Sima Rui (司馬睿), courtesy name Jingwen (景文), was an emperor of the Jin Dynasty (265-420) and the first of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
		His reign saw the steady gradual loss of Jin territory in the north, but entrenchment of Jin authority south of the Huai River and east of the Three Gorges, and for generations Jin was not seriously threatened by Wu Hu kingdoms to the north.
		In 313, after Emperor Huai was executed by Han Zhao, Sima Ye, a nephew of Emperor Huai, was declared emperor (as Emperor Min) in Chang'an.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emperor_Yuan_of_Jin_China (1418 words)

	Jin Dynasty (265-420) - China-related Topics JI-JL - China-Related Topics
		Meanwhile remnants of the Jin court fled from the north to the south and reestablished the Jin court at Jiankang, which was located south-eastward of Luoyang and Chang'an and near modern-day Nanjing, under Prince of Longya.
		The last emperor and brother of Emperor An, Emperor Gong of Jin ChinaEmperor Gong, was installed in 419.
		Meanwhile North China was ruled by the Sixteen Kingdoms, many of which were founded by the Wu Hu, the non-Han Chinese ethnicities.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Jin_Dynasty_(265-420) (543 words)

	Jin Dynasty : China Travel Guide : China Tourist Information
		Jin, the Sixteen Kingdoms, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties Though these three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in 280 by the (Western) Jin Dynasty, the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu Hu,) ethnic groups controlled much of the country in the early 4th century and provoked large-scale Han Chinese migrations to south of the Chang Jiang.
		Later on, Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei reunified the north again, marking the beginning of the Northern Dynasties, a sequence of local regimes ruling over the regions north of Chang Jiang.
		Along with the refugees from the North, Emperor Yuan of Jin China reinstated the Jin regime at present Nanjing in the south.
	www.lonelychina.com /china/jin-dynasty.html (262 words)

	Chinese History - Jin Dynasty (Jurchen) é‘ event history (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		There was an intensive trade with natural goods with the neighboring Liao empire é¼ during the 10th and 11th century.
		The armies of Jin and the Song Dynasty å® had united according to the treaty of Haishang æµ·ä¸ to destroy the Liao empire.
		Kaifeng was beleaguered in 1234, and emperor Wanyan Shouxu fled to Caizhou è”¡å· where the emperor transferred the throne to Wanyan Chenglin å®é¡æ¿é±— and committed suicide.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Song/jinn-event.html (1784 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - China
		The merchant economy of ancient China brought Jewish traders to the region as early as the eighth century.
		China's growth as a leading economic power combined with the remodeling of Kaifeng into a tourist destination has led to a greater acceptance of Jewish expression in the city.
		Since 1948, 1,070 Jews from China have immigrated to Israel, with 504 leaving between 1948 and 1951.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/chinajews.html (1001 words)

	Pu Jin - AMAM
		A member of the Manchu imperial family and a cousin of the last emperor of China, Pu Jin lived through the fall of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) founded by his ancestors.
		As Pu Jin's inscription indicates, his painting is a copy of a much earlier work (now in the Osaka Municipal Museum), also titled Emaciated Horse, by the scholar-painter Gong Kai (1222-1307).
		Pu Jin's hanging scroll is an excellent example of the integration of painting and poetry common in Chinese culture.
	www.oberlin.edu /allenart/collection/pu_jin.html (917 words)

	Wikipedia: Sima
		Sima Yi, renowned strategist during the Three Kingdoms, ultimate adversary of Zhuge Liang in Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the revered progenitor of the Jin Dynasty (265-420).
		Sima Yan, also known as the Emperor Wu of Jin China, was a son of Sima Zhao.
		He took the throne of the Kingdom of Wei, proclaimed the Jin Dynasty and unified China.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/s/si/sima.html (238 words)

	Ethics of China 7 BC To 1279 by Sanderson Beck
		An examination system based on the Confucian classics was instituted in 606 to attract scholars into the bureaucracy from the south.
		An administrative protectorate was established there along with one in the north for Mongolia, in the east for southern Manchuria, and in the south called Annan, which later gave the name Annam to Vietnam.
		An Lushan was murdered by his son in 757, and so was the general who took over the rebellion.
	www.san.beck.org /AB3-China.html (20851 words)

	The Chinese Empire
		Though these three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in AD 280 by the (Western) Jin dynasty, the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu Hu) ethnic groups ravaged the country in the early 4th century and provoked large-scale Han Chinese migrations to south of the Chang Jiang.
		In AD 618, the Tang dynasty was established, opening a new age of prosperity and innovations in arts and technology.
		In AD 960, the Song Dynasty (960-1279) gained power over most of China and established its capital in Kaifeng, establishing a period of economic prosperity, while the Khitan Liao Dynasty ruled over Manchuria and eastern Mongolia.
	www.chineseculture.info /history/empire.htm (755 words)

	Wu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Emperor Wu of Han China, one of the most influential and important emperors of the Han dynasty
		This page disambiguates a two-character combination which might be any or all of: an abbreviation, an acronym, an initialism, a word in English, or a word in another language.
		If an article link referred you to this page, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Wu (256 words)

	division
		After Dong Zhuo was killed, General Tsao Tsao took the control of the emperor and defeated all other warlords in the northeastern part of China.
		The northern part of China fell under the control of the Xiongnu, as the decedents of the Western Jin royal families fled to the south.
		The Eastern Jin never stopped their endeavors to unify China, but they were not successful.
	www.hometownchina.com /division.htm (597 words)

	234 - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Zhuge Liang of the Shu Kingdom in China, dies on the Wu Zhang Plains in a battle against the Kingdom of Wei
		Emperor Xian of Han China, last emperor of the Han Dynasty
		Zhao Yun, greatest Shu general, dies after the battle of Wu Zhang Plains at the age of 76
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/234 (150 words)

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