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Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor

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Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor

Ferdinand II of Austria

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Ferdinand I of Austria

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	Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ferdinand I (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564), Holy Roman Emperor (1556–1564), was born in Madrid, the son of Juana the Mad, Queen of Castile (1479–1555), and Philip I the Handsome, King of Castile (1478–1506), who was heir to Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg.
		Ferdinand was the younger brother of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, who entrusted him with the government of the Habsburg hereditary lands (roughly modern-day Austria and Slovenia).
		In 1538, by the Treaty of Nagyvárad, Ferdinand became Zápolya's successor, but he was unable to enforce this agreement during his lifetime because in 1540 John II Sigismund Zápolya, infant son of John Zápolya and Isabella Jagiełło, was elected the new king of Hungary.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emperor_Ferdinand_I (927 words)

	Ferdinand II
		Ferdinand II Emperor, eldest son of Archduke Karl and the Bavarian Princess Maria, b.
		As Ferdinand was the only archduke of his day with sufficient power and energy to take up the struggle against the estates then aiming at supreme power in the Austrian hereditary domains, the childless Emperor Matthias strove to secure for him the succession to the whole empire.
		Ferdinand annulled the privileges of the estates, declared void the concessions granted to the Bohemian Protestants by the Majestätsbrief of Rudolf II, and punished the heads of the insurrection with death and confiscation of goods.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/f/ferdinand_ii.html (1596 words)

	Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Emperor Ferdinand II Ferdinand II (July 9, 1578 – February 15, 1637), of the House of Habsburg, reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 1620-1637.
		Born in Graz to Charles II of Austria (1540-1590) and Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551-1608), Ferdinand was provided with a strict Jesuit education culminating in his years at the University of Ingolstadt.
		In 1600, Ferdinand married Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574-1616), daughter of Duke William V of Bavaria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emperor_Ferdinand_II (1120 words)

	Emperor Ferdinand I
		Ferdinand was born in 1503 in Alcala de Henares.
		However the Emperor died in January 1519, which meant that the succession in the Austrian Hereditary Lands had to be settled and that the fight for the crown of the Holy Roman Empire was underway.
		Ferdinand's artistic sensibilities were much influenced by the works of painters and sculptors patronised by her - artists from France, Italy, and Germany - as well as by the love of literature and music that prevailed at her court.
	www.khm.at /ferdinand/en/02biography/01.html (397 words)

	Ferdinand I of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ferdinand I Karl Leopold Joseph Franz Marchlin Emperor of Austria King of Hungary and Bohemia (April 19, 1793 – June 29, 1875) succeeded his father (Franz II Holy Roman Emperor/Franz I of Austria) as Emperor and King in 1835 and was forced to abdicate in 1848.
		He was feeble-minded and epileptic, but was nevertheless placed on the throne by Metternich in order to preserve the throne's legitimacy against all challenges.
		Ferdinand was the last King of Bohemia to be crowned as such.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria (337 words)

	Worldroots.com
		Ferdinand III, Archduke of Austria+GD of Tuscany 1769-1824
		Ferdinand IV, Archduke of Austria, GD of Tuscany 1835-1908
		(son of Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and Maria Beatrice of Este, Dss of Modena)
	worldroots.com /brigitte/royal/habs-f.htm (652 words)

	Ferdinand I, Holy Roman emperor. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In the same year Ferdinand married Anna, daughter of Uladislaus II, king of Hungary and Bohemia, in fulfillment of a treaty (1515) between his grandfather, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and Uladislaus II.
		In Bohemia, Ferdinand laid the groundwork for Hapsburg absolutism by virtually abrogating (1547) the prerogatives of the diet and the towns; he also began the reconversion of the kingdom to Catholicism by calling in the Jesuits.
		Ferdinand was obliged to restore the duchy to Ulrich.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fe/Ferdi1HRE.html (446 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Ferdinand, kings of the Two Sicilies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Ferdinand I FERDINAND I [Ferdinand I] 1751-1825, king of the Two Sicilies (1816-25).
		Ferdinand II FERDINAND II [Ferdinand II] 1810-59, king of the Two Sicilies (1830-59), son and successor of Francis I. Although initially he sought to improve the wretched conditions of his kingdom, he soon relapsed into the repressive policies of his predecessors and became an absolute despot.
		Francis I FRANCIS I [Francis I] 1777-1830, king of the Two Sicilies (1825-30), son and successor of Ferdinand I. He continued the ruthless and reactionary policy of his father, and his court was notorious for waste and corruption.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/04428.html (647 words)

	Maximilian II
		Maximilian II, Roman emperor, was the eldest son of the emperor Ferdinand I by his wife Anne, daughter of Ladislaus, King of Hungary and Bohemia, and was born in Vienna on the 31st of July 1527.
		He was unable, however, to obtain the consent of Pope Pius IV to the marriage of the clergy, and in 1568 the concession of communion in both kinds to the laity was withdrawn.
		Meanwhile the relations between Maximilian and Philip of Spain had improved; and the emperor's increasingly cautious and moderate attitude in religious matters was doubtless due to the fact that the death of Philip's son, Don Carlos, had opened the way for the succession of Maximilian, or of one of his sons, to the Spanish throne.
	www.nndb.com /people/401/000096113 (868 words)

	Emperor Franz Josef (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Franz Josef I (English: Francis Joseph) Emperor of Austria, king of Hungary, (1830-1916), born in Vienna.
		Franz Josef was the eldest son of Archduke Franz Karl (Francis Charles), who was brother and heir of Austrian Emperor Ferdinand I. Because his father renounced his right to the throne, Franz Josef became emperor when Ferdinand abdicated near the end of the revolution of 1848.
		Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo in June 1914.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/bio/f/frnzjosf.html (536 words)

	::Ferdinand of Styria::
		Ferdinand was educated at the Jesuit College at Ingolstadt.
		The Bohemian incident was an opportunity for him to re-assert the power of the emperor which had been in decline for a number of decades.
		Other historians hold the view that Ferdinand was a realist and that he knew his power in Germany was on the wane and would never be recovered.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /ferdinand_of_styria.htm (614 words)

	Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		(1608–57), Holy Roman emperor (1637–57), king of Hungary (1625–57), and king of Bohemia (1627–57), born in Graz, Austria, the son of Emperor Ferdinand II.
		Ferdinand became Holy Roman emperor upon his father's death in 1637.
		Because Ferdinand was a Roman Catholic, and his religion was permitted by the terms of the peace to dominate in his hereditary dominions, the Protestants there were not accorded religious freedom.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..fe021400.a#FWNE.fw..fe021400.a (569 words)

	BookRags: Ferdinand, I Biography
		Ferdinand I (1503-1564) was Holy Roman emperor from 1555 to 1564.
		Born at Alcalá de Henares, Spain, on March 10, 1503, Ferdinand was the second son of Philip the Fair, Duke of Burgundy, and Joanna the Mad of Aragon and Castile.
		Ferdinand was sent to the Netherlands to complete his education; there contact with Erasmian ideas had a lasting effect upon his attitude toward the Reformation.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/ferdinand-i (492 words)

	Encyclopedia
		Charles was the son of Philip I, king of Castile, and Joanna the Mad (1479–1555); maternal grandson of Ferdinand V of Castile and Isabella I; paternal grandson of the Habsburg Holy Roman emperor Maximilian I; and great-grandson of Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy.
		On the death of his father in 1506, Charles inherited the Burgundian realm; following the death of Ferdinand in 1516, he became ruler of the vast Spanish kingdom; and when Maximilian died in 1519, he gained the Habsburg lands in central Europe, where his younger brother, Ferdinand, later Emperor Ferdinand I, was governor.
		In 1552, through his brother Ferdinand, he concluded the Peace of Passau, by which the Lutheran states were allowed the exercise of their religion.
	history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..ch101200.a#FWNE.fw..c... (1342 words)

	Maximilian of Mexico History
		The second son of Archduke Franz Karl and the Archduchess Sophie of Austria was born in the palace of Schönbrunn in Vienna on the 6th July, 1832.
		Ferdinand Max loved the sea and the Adriatic coast, and he decided to build his romantic castle of Miramar just outside the port of Trieste.
		Ferdinand Maximilian's liberalism aroused less enthusiasm in Vienna, however, where he was increasingly seen as being in opposition to his imperial brother's government.
	www.austrian-mint.com /e/maxhist.html (940 words)

	Francis Joseph I - MSN Encarta
		Francis Joseph I (German Franz Josef) (1830-1916), emperor of Austria (1848-1916) and king of Hungary (1867-1916), the last important ruler of the Habsburg dynasty; his policies played a major role in the events that led to World War I (1914-1918).
		Francis Joseph was born in Vienna, the eldest son of Archduke Francis Charles, who was brother and heir of Austrian Emperor Ferdinand I.
		The murder of Francis Ferdinand precipitated the crisis between Austria-Hungary and Germany on the one hand, and Serbia and Russia on the other, that led to World War I. Francis Joseph did not live to see Austria's defeat in the war and the extinction of the Habsburg monarchy.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761552571/Francis_Joseph_I.html (463 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ferdinand I, Holy Roman emperor (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Ferdinand I 1503–64, Holy Roman emperor (1558–64), king of Bohemia (1526–64) and of Hungary (1526–64), younger brother of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
		In Germany, Ferdinand increasingly acted as agent of Charles V, who in 1531 had him elected king of the Romans, which insured Ferdinand's succession as Holy Roman emperor.
		Charles had practically surrendered the government of the empire to Ferdinand by 1556, although formal abdication was not complete until 1558.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/Ferdi1HRE.html (541 words)

	Ferdinand II
		Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of the archduke Charles, the ruler of Inner Austria (Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola), and Maria, a daughter of Albrecht V, duke of Bavaria.
		Ferdinand's Edict of Restitution (1629), which forced Protestants to return to the Roman Catholic church all property seized since 1552, revealed to the German princes the threat of imperial absolutism.
		After his victory over the Swedes (September 1634) at Nördlingen, Ferdinand reached a compromise with the Protestant princes in the Peace of Prague (1635) and, in 1636, succeeded in having his son Ferdinand elected king of the Romans (successor-designate to the emperor).
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/riley/787/30/Imperial/FerdinandII.html (886 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Emperor Franz Josef I
		Ferdinand's marriage only went ahead after he agreed to renounce all rights of his children to succeed him as Emperor; even this agreement was extracted from Franz Josef following representations by the German Kaiser, Wilhelm II, and the Russian Tsar, Nicholas II.
		Despite his dislike of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Franz Josef accepted the advice of his foreign minister, Leopold von Berchtold, in first issuing an unacceptable ultimatum to Serbia, and then declaring war after Serbia quibbled with one of Austria-Hungary's demands.
		Franz Josef left the conduct of the war strictly to his military officials, although by 1916 he believed victory to be impossible and the break-up of his empire likely.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/franzjosef.htm (729 words)

	BookRags: Ferdinand, III Biography
		Ferdinand III (1608-1657) reigned as Holy Roman emperor from 1637 to 1657.
		Ferdinand of Hapsburg was born in Graz in Styria on July 13, 1608, son of the later emperor Ferdinand II and Maria Anna of Bavaria.
		Ferdinand was intrigued by military affairs and coveted a field command.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/ferdinand-iii (467 words)

	Thirty Years War 1618-1648
		Emperor Ferdinand II won the support of Maximilian I (1573-1651) of Bavaria, the leader of Catholic League.
		Emperor Ferdinand II regained the Bohemian throne, Maximilian of Bavaria acquired the Palatinate.
		Emperor Ferdinand II died in 1637 and was succeeded by his son, Ferdinand III (r.
	www.thecaveonline.com /APEH/thirtyyearswar.html (1442 words)

	Ferdinand III af Det tysk-romerske Rige
		Eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria.
		Ferdinand married three times - first to his cousin, the Infanta Maria Anna of Spain, by whom he had two surviving sons - Ferdinand IV, his eldest, who predeceased him, and Leopold, who ultimately succeeded him.
		She died in 1649, and Ferdinand married a third time, to Eleonora Gonzaga, daughter of the Duke of Mantua.
	www.futura-dtp.dk /SLAG/Personer/NavneF/Ferdinand3TR.htm (271 words)

	Important Historical People of Our Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Holy Roman emperor (1519-1558), and, as Charles I, king of Spain (1516-1556), who fought a losing battle to keep his Roman Catholic empire together in the face of emergent Protestantism and outside pressure.
		Maximilian, the eldest son of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III, was born in Wiener Neustadt, Austria.
		Summoned to appear before Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms in April 1521, he was asked before the assembled secular and ecclesiastical rulers to recant.
	www.landsknechts.org /people.html (3293 words)

	Archduke Francis Ferdinand
		The mother of the heir to the throne was Princess Maria Annunciata, daughter of Ferdinand II, the Bourbon King of the Two Sicilies.
		As Francis Ferdinand was a frequent guest of the Archduke Frederick at Pressburg, it was conjectured that his choice would fall on one of his host's seven daughters, until it was noticed that the magnet that drew him was the Archduchess's lady-in-waiting, the Countess Sophie Chotek.
		Nothing could move him from his determination to marry the Countess, although he knew that by the laws of his dynasty a marriage to a person not of equal birth would deprive him of all claim to the succession and that his wife could never be admitted to the Imperial family.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/wooton/34/horthy/04.html (3513 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Roman Emperor
		Holy Roman Empire HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE [Holy Roman Empire] designation for the political entity that originated at the coronation as emperor (962) of the German king Otto I and endured until the renunciation (1806) of the imperial title by Francis II.
		Matthias MATTHIAS [Matthias] 1557-1619, Holy Roman emperor (1612-19), king of Bohemia (1611-17) and of Hungary (1608-18), son of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II.
		Of Cabbages and Emperors - After twenty-one stressful years as Roman emperor, Diocletian retired to the peaceful gardens of his hometown to grow cabbages.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Roman+Emperor&StartAt=11 (770 words)

	Franz Ferdinand Presse
		The Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the nephew of the Emperor Franz Joseph.
		Franz Ferdinand's own health was, however, far from good., and in 1895 he was diagnosed with tuberculosis.
		Franz Ferdinand would not give in, however, and against the opposition of the Emperor Franz Joseph and of almost all his own family, he managed to force through a compromise.
	www.austrian-mint.com /e/ffpress.html (766 words)

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