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	Ferdinand III - Encyclopedia.com
		Ferdinand III 1608-57, Holy Roman emperor (1637-57), king of Hungary (1626-57) and of Bohemia (1627-57), son and successor of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II.
		Louis Ferdinand was born in 1907 at the Marmorpalais...
		Gustav III of Sweden: the forgotten despot of the age of enlightenment: A.D. Harvey recalls the career of the Swedish king whose assassination inspired a famous opera.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-FerdiHRE.html (1091 words)

	Habsburg - LoveToKnow Watches
		Add to this Ferdinand's inheritance, the Austrian archduchies and Tirol, Bohemia with her dependent provinces, and a strip of Hungary, and the two brothers had under their sway a part of Europe the extent of which was great, but the wealth and importance of which were immeasurably greater.
		Rudolph died in 1612, the reigning emperor Matthias was old and ill, and the question of the succession to the Empire, to the kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia, and to the hereditary lands of the Habsburgs became acute.
		With the crushing of the Hungarian revolt by the emperor Nicholas I.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Habsburg (5199 words)

	Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		She was the youngest daughter of Philip III of Spain and Margaret of Austria.
		In 1651, Ferdinand III married Eleonora of Mantua (Gonzaga).
		Ferdinand Josef, Archduke of Austria (1657 - 1658).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (473 words)

	Ferdinand, III Biography / Biography of Ferdinand, III Biography
		king · roman · germany · emperor · rome · in germany · intrigued · protestantism · maria · jesuits · coveted · heir · bohemia ·; hapsburg · accede · emperor ferdinand · ferdinand iii
		Ferdinand III (1608-1657) reigned as Holy Roman emperor from 1637 to 1657.
		Ferdinand of Hapsburg was born in Graz in Styria on July 13, 1608, son of the later emperor Ferdinand II and Maria Anna of Bavaria.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-ferdinand-iii (521 words)

	Treaty Of Westphalia - LoveToKnow Watches
		In 1637 the agents of the emperor began to negotiate at Hamburg with Sweden, though the mediation of Christian IV., king of Denmark, was rejected by Sweden, and the discussions dragged on for years without result.
		A preliminary treaty embodying this proposal was concluded between the representatives of the emperor, France and Sweden at Hamburg on the 2 5th of December 1641.
		The chief representative of the emperor was Count Maximilian von Trautmansdorff, to whose sagacity the conclusion of peace was largely due.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Treaty_Of_Westphalia (1481 words)

	Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria, Prince of Asturias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Josef Ferdinand, Prince of Bavaria on portrait of Joseph Vivien from 1698.
		Before the War of the Spanish Succession, Joseph Ferdinand was the favored choice of England and the Netherlands to succeed as the ruler of Spain, young Charles II of Spain chose him as his heir.
		Joseph Ferdinand's great-uncle was the so-called Bewitched Charles II of Spain, who was the degenerated last Habsburg monarch of Spain, whom Joseph was destined to succeed, had he not himself predeceased Charles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Duke_Joseph_Ferdinand_of_Bavaria (160 words)

	Royal Family of Europe - pafg02 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Ferdinand III Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE [Parents] was born on 13 Jul 1608 in Graz, Steiermark, Austria.
		Ferdinand Josef Alois, Archduke Of AUSTRIA was born on 11 Feb 1657 in Of Wien, Wien, Austria.
		Ferdinand IV, Archduke Of AUSTRIA was born on 8 Sep 1633 in Of Wien, Austria.
	www.ishipress.com /royalfam/pafg02.htm (2078 words)

	The Denominational Age
		Moreover the denominational conflicts were accompanied by negative influences from outside: the Turkish siege of Vienna (1529), a succession of epidemics, an overwhelming fire in the city (1525), the economic decline of the city, together with an increase in the cost of living and a growth in competition between universities.
		The battle raged until 1623, when Emperor Ferdinand II incorporated the Jesuit College into the University, thereby giving the priests the upper hand for the next 150 years.
		As a confessor he enjoyed the particular trust of the Emperor Ferdinand II.
	www.univie.ac.at /archiv/tour/8.htm (640 words)

	Wikinfo \| Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Leopold I Habsburg (June 9, 1640-May 5, 1705), Roman emperor, was the second son of the emperor Ferdinand III and his first wife Maria Anna daughter of Philip III of Spain, was born on the June 6 1640.
		In 1686 the league of Augsburg was formed by the emperor and the imperial princes, to preserve the terms of the treaties of Westphalia and of Nijmegen.
		Under the guidance of William III a powerful league, the grand alliance, was formed against France; of this the emperor was a prominent member, and in 1703 he transferred his claim on the Spanish monarchy to his second son, the archduke Charles.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (1382 words)

	emperors2
		Ferdinand, as a Habsburg, became Holy Roman emperor in 1619 and, allied with Bavaria and the Catholic League, defeated the Bohemians at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620.
		Ferdinand III (Holy Roman Empire) (1608-1657), Holy Roman emperor (1637-1657), king of Hungary (1625-1657), and king of Bohemia (1627-1657).
		The eldest son of Emperor Francis I and Empress Maria Theresa, Joseph was born in Vienna on March 13, 1741.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/emperors2.htm (6635 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The first heart (that of King Ferdinand IV of the Romans) was placed in the Augustinerkirche on 10 July 1654, and the last (that of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria) on 8 March 1878.
		Daughter of Emperor Leopold I and wife of Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria.
		Son of Emperor Leopold I. Buried in tomb 35 in the Imperial Crypt.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Herzgruft_(Vienna) (1100 words)

	The Thirty Years' War
		During the reign of Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II many Protestant churches in Germany were destroyed, Protestant's rights to worship were restricted, and the signing of the Treaty of Augsburg which was the basis of increase in Roman Catholic power.
		On March 6, 1629 Ferdinand officially declared total victory with the issuing of the Edict of Resolution, a document that abolished Protestants' rights to all Roman Catholic property that was dispossessed since the Peace of Augsburg.
		Ferdinand's success in the second phase of the Thirty Years' War strengthened the anti-Habsburg attitude of the French cardinal and Richelieu, the chief minister of King Louis XIII.
	members.tripod.com /renaissance_/tyw.html (1319 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ferdinand III, Holy Roman emperor (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		After the dismissal and assassination (1634) of the imperial commander Wallenstein, Ferdinand became nominal leader of the imperial forces in the Thirty Years War, but it was the imperial general Gallas who was responsible for the successes that culminated in the victory of NOrdlingen (1634).
		Although anxious for peace, Ferdinand rejected the early peace proposals, but in 1648 he had to assent to the treaties negotiated at MUnster and OsnabrUck (see Westphalia, Peace of), which virtually ended the central power of the Holy Roman Empire.
		The emperor and his successors were left only the shadow of the imperial dignity, and their power was restricted to the hereditary Hapsburg dominions.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/FerdiHRE.html (309 words)

	Ferdinand III Holy Roman Emperor: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		...claimed) be counted hundreds of saints and holy men and women, danced to a different tune...from the founder of the familys fortune, Emperor Rudolf I in the thirteenth century, had...the cult of the Virgin Mary (the Emperor Ferdinand II had declared her the generalissimo...
		FERDINAND III, Holy Roman emperor 1608 57, Holy...and successor of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II.
		Grandson of Ferdinand I, son of Archduke Charles of Styria, Ferdinand...conclusion in the reign of his son, Ferdinand III.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/ferdinand-iii-holy-roman-emperor.jsp?l=F&p=1 (1553 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
		1194-1250, Holy Roman emperor (1220-50) and German king (1212-20), king of Sicily (1197-1250), and king of Jerusalem (1229-50), son of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI and of Constance, heiress of Sicily.
		Grandson of Ferdinand I, son of Archduke Charles of Styria, Ferdinand was educated by the Jesuits and supported the Counter Reformation.
		The ideal of unity; Russell Chamberlin examines the origins and development of Europe's persistent vision of unity from the birth of the Holy Roman Empire to its fall.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Frederick+II%2C+Holy+Roman+Emperor (1103 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		While the emperors Ferdinand I and his son Maximilian II (1527–76) were occupied with the threat of Turkish invasion, Protestantism in Germany grew apace.
		Emperor Rudolf II, a scholarly recluse in Prague, unable to govern, was forced to relinquish his authority to his brother Matthias (1557–1619), who proved no more effective.
		Ferdinand, however, crushed the Bohemian forces at the Battle of Weisserberg (1620); Frederick, called the Winter King, was exiled; and Catholicism was restored by force.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/nations/germany2.html (9121 words)

	HOASM: Johann Jacob Froberger
		Shortly before the musically talented and accomplished Ferdinand III was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1637, Froberger was appointed a court organist at Vienna, continuing in Imperial service for the next 20 years.
		He evidently was in Brussels in 1650, where for a time he was attached to the court of Ferdinand's brother, Archduke Leopold, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, in France in 1652 (where he performed successfully and met Chambonnières, Louis Couperin, and Denis Gaultier), and also in England around this time.
		He was reinstated as Viennese court organist in 1653 but after the Emperor's death in 1657; although Ferdinand's successor, Leopold I, was also very musical, he permitted Froberger to be dismissed at the end of June 1657, although most of the Imperial Chapel musicians were kept on.
	www.hoasm.org /VIB/Froberger.html (773 words)

	Worldroots.com
		Ferdinand III, Archduke of Austria+GD of Tuscany 1769-1824
		Ferdinand IV, Archduke of Austria, GD of Tuscany 1835-1908
		(son of Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and Maria Beatrice of Este, Dss of Modena)
	worldroots.com /brigitte/royal/habs-f.htm (652 words)

	Valerianus Magnus
		He was greatly respected by Emperors Ferdinand II and III, as well as by King Wladislaw IV of Poland, who employed him on diplomatic missions.
		Landgrave Ernst of Hesse, who had been converted at Vienna on 6 Jan., 1652, and who knew Father Valerian, summoned Capuchins to St. Goar on the Rhine, and was present at the religious disputation between Valerian and Haberkorn of Giessen at Rheinfels in 1651.
		As he did not obey the summons he was arrested at Vienna in 1661 at the instance of the nuncio, but was liberated at the urgent request of Emperor Ferdinand III.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/m/magnus,valerianus.html (304 words)

	Royal Family of Europe - pafg39 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File
		Edward III King Of ENGLAND was born on 13 Nov 1312.
		Eleanor Princess Of ENGLAND was born on 8 Jun 1318 in Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England.
		Edward III King Of ENGLAND [Parents] was born on 13 Nov 1312 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England.
	www.ishipress.com /royalfam/pafg39.htm (1629 words)

	Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III Biography
		Eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria.
		Ferdinand married three times - first to his cousin, the Infanta Maria Anna of Spain, by whom he had two surviving sons - Ferdinand IV, his eldest, who predeceased him, and Leopold, who ultimately succeeded him.
		She died in 1649, and Ferdinand married a third time, to Eleonora Gonzaga, daughter of the Duke of Mantua.
	www.biographybase.com /biography/Ferdinand_III_Holy_Roman_Emperor.html (259 words)

	Guggenheim Museum - Connecting Museums
		She was the daughter of Philip's sister Maria with the Emperor Ferdinand III and therefore his niece.
		For generations, the dynastic connection between the Spanish and Austrian lines of the Hapsburgs was constantly being renewed through marriage, with the political aim to strengthen the alliance between the Emperor and the King of Spain against France.
		On September 29, 1652 Ferdinand III requested for the first time a portrait of the young Infanta, and he repeated his wish more than a year later, on January 1, 1654: El retrato de mi nieta aguardaré a su comodo.
	www.guggenheim.org /exhibitions/past_exhibitions/connecting_museums/exh_gug_painting2.html (688 words)

	Ferdinand III, Holy Roman emperor — Infoplease.com
		Ferdinand III, 1608–57, Holy Roman emperor (1637–57), king of Hungary (1626–57) and of Bohemia (1627–57), son and successor of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II.
		Holy Roman Empire: Emperors - Holy Roman Empire: Emperors Charlemagne (Charles I), emperor of the West (800–814),...
		Gustav III of Sweden: the forgotten despot of the age of enlightenment: A.D. Harvey recalls the career of the Swedish king whose assassination......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0818463.html (313 words)

	Timeline Holy Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: )
		1036-1056 Henry III ruled the Holy Roman Empire, which extended from Hamburg and Bremen in the north to the instep of Italy to the south, Burgundy in the west, and Hungary and Poland to the east.
		The Catholic heir to the Hapsburg dynasty, Charles V, was elected Holy Roman Emperor, combining the crowns of Spain, Burgundy (with the Netherlands), Austria and Germany.
		In exchange for a perpetual lease the Knights undertook to send the emperor a falcon (made famous in the mystery novel, The Maltese Falcon, and the movie of the same name) once every year as a token of their fealty.
	www.bonus.com /contour/timelines_history/http@@/timelines.ws/countries/HOLY_ROMAN_EMP.HTML (2895 words)

	History Channel Search Results
		With the establishment (1608) of the Evangelical Union, a Protestant defensive alliance of princes and cities, and of the Catholic League (1609), a similar organization of Roman Catholics, a violent solution to the crisis became inevitable.
		Later in 1619 the Bohemians bestowed the crown of the deposed Ferdinand on Frederick V, elector of the Palatinate (1596–1632).
		Ferdinand’s successes in the second phase of the war sharpened the anti-Habsburg orientation of the French cardinal and statesman Richelieu, chief minister of King Louis XIII.
	www.historychannel.com /thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=224034 (2009 words)

	Hapsburgs
		Ferdinand I of Austria and Hungary served as Emperor of Austria (1835-48) and King of Hungary (1830-48).
		Ferdinand II served as Holy Roman emperor (1619-1637), King of Bohemia (1617-1619), and King of Hungary (1621-1625).
		Born in Vienna, the son and successor of Emperor Maximilian II, Rudolf II of Habsburg served as Holy Roman Emperor (1576-1612), King of Hungary (1572-1608), and King of Bohemia (1575-1611).
	www.geocities.com /historyofaustria/habsburgs.html (6790 words)

	Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor : Ferdinand II of Germany
		Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (July 9, 1578 - February 15, 1637), ruled 1620-1637.
		Originally Archduke of Styria, his appointment as King of Bohemia was one of the causes of the Thirty Years War.
		His first wife was Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574 - 1616), by whom he was father of four children, including Ferdinand III (1608-1657).
	www.wordlookup.net /fe/ferdinand-ii-of-germany.html (357 words)

	Treaty of Wesphalia (1648) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The chief representative of the Holy Roman emperor was Count Maximilian von Trautmansdorff, to whose sagacity the conclusion of peace was largely due.
		For Germany, the settlement ended the century-long struggle between the monarchical tendencies of the Holy Roman emperors and the federalistic aspirations of the empire's German princes.
		The Holy Roman emperor and the Diet were left with a mere shadow of their former power.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/WestphaliaTreaty/WestphaliaTreaty.html (912 words)

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