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	Japanese Culture - Royalty - The Imperial Family
		The regalia, a mirror, a sword and a curved jewel are symbols of the legitimacy and authority of the emperor.
		A combination of efforts to free the emperor from the web of entrenched bureaucracy and the court's increasing preoccupation with the pursuit of the arts and literature led to a situation where the real power was held by those occupying the posts of regent, for emperors not yet of age, and chief advisor.
		The emperor had no political powers and under Article 1 of the new 'Showa' constitution he became 'the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people, deriving his position from the will of the people with whom resides sovereign power'.
	www.japan-zone.com /culture/imperial.shtml (1081 words)

	1224. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The energetic emperor Godaigo, after bringing to an end (1322) the domination of the court by retired emperors, organized an abortive plot to overthrow the H
		Godaigo, in a short period of personal rule, failed to face economic and political realities and attempted to revive the civil imperial rule of the 8th century.
		Takauji drove Godaigo from Kyoto and set up a new emperor from a branch of the imperial family that had been jealously contending for the throne with Godaigo's branch for several decades.
	www.bartleby.com /67/395.html (887 words)

	A Teachers' & Textbook Writers'(A HISTORICAL OUTLINE)
		Moreover, throughout the various vicissitudes undergone by various emperors or by the Imperial family as a whole, the system continued to be supported by a feeling of respect or trust towards the emperor among the people.
		Those who maintained and led large groups of samurai or armed retainers were called toryo (pillars), and persons related by blood to the, Imperial family, or nobles who settled in the provinces, became toryo with the support of the local warriors on the basis of the standing of their family or their noble lineage.
		This was the signal for the court, under the cloistered emperor Gotoba, to attempt to regain political power, and in 1221, the court issued an order for the subjugation of the regent Hojo Yoshitoki, Masako's younger brother.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/legacy/japanese_history.html (2049 words)

	1318. Who is 1318? What is 1318? Where is 1318? Definition of 1318. Meaning of 1318.
		Pope John XXII declares the doctrines of the Franciscans advocating ecclesiastical poverty erroneous
		End of the reign of Emperor Hanazono of Japan
		Emperor Go-Daigo ascends to the throne of Japan
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/1318 (93 words)

	History of the Ogasawaras (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Ogasawara clan was descended from Emperor Seiwa (b.Mar/25/849-d.Dec/4/880), the 56th Japanese emperor (reigned c.858-c.876) and is considered to be one of the Seiwa Genji clans.
		Sadamune served Emperor Godaigo at first, but when Ashikaga Takauji (the 1st Ashikaga Shogun) became disenchanted with the aristocratic arrogance of the Imperial rule and raised the warrior class to rebel against the Hojo clan, Sadamune joined in and helped to raise Emperor Godaigo's 4th cousin, Emperor Kougon, to the throne.
		Emperor Godaigo retreated to the province of Yoshino and established the Southern Dynasty which lasted until 1392.
	members.aol.com /uchuujin/history.html (2891 words)

	RJJS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As the emperor system was first established by the code, we can say that the original emperor system allowed abdication from the beginning.
		Emperor, on the other hand, could not have his own private property as far as he had formally embodied the state.
		In 1336 the second shogunate was established, and the authority of the Imperial Court was gradually absorbed by the new shogunate.
	www.opensys.ro /rjjs/nhtml/kondou/1.html (2105 words)

	Tenno - IBWiki
		Though Emperor Kammu was a powerful, personal, ruler, his three sons, who succeeded him one by one, were dominated by the Fudjiwara clan (descended from Nacatomi no Camatali, the key player in the Soga's defeat).
		The Fudjiwara instituted a practice of regencies, and married their women to the sons of Emperors, thereby ensuring that the throne was occupied by one related to the Fudjiwara through the maternal line.
		Emperor Godaigo was deposed, and exiled to the south.
	ib.frath.net /w/Tenno (1588 words)

	Critical Hit - NIPPON: LAND OF THE RISING SUN: CHRONOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Emperor Dogen Takajui escapes the sacking and flees into hiding in the east with a small army.
		At end of this period, Emperor Godaigo briefly restores imperial rule, but fails to achieve proper control and is overthrown by his former supporter, the warrior Yoshin Takauji, who sets another emperor, Komyo, on the throne.
		Godaigo flees, and establishes a court at Izumo in rivalry to Komyo's court in Makudo.
	www.criticalhit.co.uk /content/view/101/52/1/3 (1288 words)

	Sister Wendy's American Collection \| Selected Works \| An Exiled Emperor on Okinoshima
		Godaigo was the second of only two Japanese emperors exiled to Okinoshima.
		The 96th emperor of Japan, Godaigo was exiled as a political prisoner after two failed attempts to overthrow the ruling shogunate.
		Which one is memorialized on the screen may always be the subject of controversy; in either case, both the majesty and the isolation of the scene remain.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/sisterwendy/works/exi.html (356 words)

	Imperial Uprising (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Severe restrictions imposed by shogunate: sons of Godaigo not to succeed, and Godaigo expected to abdicate in ten years
		Godaigo base established in mountains of Yoshino, south of Kyoto
		Godaigo vs. Ashikaga was in part a struggle between two systems of social economy
	www.ic.ucsc.edu /~naso/hist159a/LectureOutlines/imperial_uprising.htm (589 words)

	Chronology of More Recent Times - 1300 AD to present
		The Roman nobleman Sciarra Colonna places the crown on Louis’s head, and the emperor replies to attacks by Pope John XXII by proclaiming the deposition of the pope and undertaking an expedition against the pope’s ally, Robert of Naples.
		The Japanese emperor Godaigo renews his efforts to regain power from the Hojo regent, is informed upon again as in 1324, and escapes to Nara; the Hojo capture him and exile him to Oki Island, and civil war begins against the Hojo (see 1333).
		The emperor’s 9-year-old son and successor is challenged by the boy’s guardian John Cantacuzene, 49, who sets himself up as emperor in Thrace with support from aristocratic elements and from Greek religious zealots inspired by the mystic teachings of the Mt. Athos monasteries.
	www.b17.com /family/lwp/chronology/1301_1500.html (6805 words)

	Prince Kuninaga - www.ezboard.com
		He was said to be either the first or third son of Emperor Godaigo, and planned to down the Hojo Bakufu.
		The young emperor you refer to is À“¿“Vci ñÆÄñÌ¤jwho was with Heike during the war with Genji.
		When an emperor becomes a —@c or ãc and continues to have influence over politics, it is called @i¢ñ¹¢j.@It was started by ”’Íãc and lasted for about 250 years until the end of the Kamakura Era, the reign of ãF‘½ãci²¤¾¶å¤±¤j.
	p199.ezboard.com /fhumanjapanesejapanesegrammar.showMessage?topicID=1121.topic (1264 words)

	AI Asia - Nara/Tenpyo Period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the 14th century, Emperor Godaigo moved his palace to Mount Yoshino, marking the start of the Nanbokucho Period (Period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties).
		In the 16th century, Toyotomi Hidenaga, younger brother of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was settled in the castle of Yamato-Koriyama and this area prospered as a castle town with a fief yielding 1 million koku of rice (a koku = 47.654 U.S. gallons, 5.119 U.S. bushels).
		Emperor Junnin (733-765) was the 47th imperial ruler of Japan from 758 to 764.
	www.antiquatedideas.com /cgi-antiquatedideas/asia/topic.cgi?forum=31&topic=6 (914 words)

	Japan's Other Emperor
		Godaigo was captured by bakufu troops and exiled to a small rock in the sea.
		Godaigo, who is, alas, caught up in real estate schemes of his own, votes with his blood instead of his brains and condemns his greatest ally to engage Takauji out in the open boonies.
		Godaigo died soon after arrival in 1339, but three successive heirs doggedly took up the Nancho cudgel, winning some and losing some, until Gokameyama Tenno, Godaigo's grandson, decided things were going nowhere for either side and credulously accepted an Ashikaga peace bid.
	www.nancho.net /nancho/otheremp.html (4743 words)

	—ðjE•¶wÌ•‘‘ä
		Emperor Godaigo (1288-1339) was the second son of Emperor Go-uda.
		In 1332, Emperor Godaigo was banished to the Oki Islands after the failure of his plot to overthrow the Kamakura Shogunate, but he escaped the following year and destroyed the Shogunate with help from a former Shogunate general, Ashikaga Takauji, thus achieving the Kemmu Restoration.
		But he soon met with opposition from military commanders and noblemen, and his restoration government was overthrown in two years, after which he moved to the Yoshino mountains to establish the Southern Dynasty, in opposition to the Northern Dynasty which was supported by the Ashikaga shoguns.
	www.pref.nara.jp /nara/kaido/eg/syugen/d2_reki/reki4.htm (179 words)

	eZ Systems -
		With the Meiji Restoration, the emperor moved from Kyoto to Edo on November 27th, 1868; the name of Edo was changed to Tokyo, and the castle, which had also sometimes been known as the Chiyoda Castle, was renamed Tokyo Castle.
		Another fire destroyed the emperor's residence in 1873; this was rebuilt as the Meiji Palace in 1888, and from that time Tokyo Castle became known as the Imperial Palace.
		In the Plaza outside is an equestrian statue of Kusunoki Masashige, one of the "loyalists" on the side of the Emperor Godaigo.
	www.asjapan.org /Lectures/1995/Lecture/lecture-1995-05.htm (1500 words)

	glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Generally abbreviated as shogun and customarily translated as "barbarian-subduing generalissimo," this title was derived from ancient titles bestowed on government officials who led campaigns against insurgents or groups on the periphery of the realm.
		The shogunal title, bestowed by the emperor, was resurrected after the Gempei War, and the shoguns became the military rulers whose governments (bakufu) ruled Japan with varying degrees of power, with authority held independently of that of the civil government.
		These estates were created through land reclamation, lands received by religious institutions as gifts from the emperor or the highest officials of the civil government, and, most frequently, commendation of land to the highest-ranked nobles who could exempt them from taxation and prevent entry by civil officials.
	ic.ucsc.edu /~naso/hist159a/glossary.htm (2632 words)

	History of Japan
		The emperor assigned him Seii-tai-shogun, an emergency post with the power to command the whole military armies for the purpose of conquering barbarians.
		Though he needed the authority of the emperor, he was low-born and didn't have the right to became shogun.
		The emperor stated Satsuma and Choshu as his army, and the shogunate as the traitors.
	www2.kanawa.com /japan/history.html (4289 words)

	Kamakura Era: 1192-1333
		Minamoto-no-Yoritomo was the leader of the house Genji and basically was in competition with the Emperor for control of Japan.
		The catch was that the shogun could move those armies without the Emperor's permission, thus making the shogun the true ruling power in the country.
		Emperor Gotoba in Kyoto wanted to take back control of the country and raised his own army.
	www.bookmice.net /darkchilde/japan/jh4.html (781 words)

	A Teachers' & Textbook Writers'(Brief Outline of Japanese History)
		At end of this period, Emperor Godaigo briefly restores imperial rule, but fails to achieve proper control and is overthrown by his former supporter,the warrior Ashikaga Takauji, who sets another emperor, Komyo, on the throne.
		Godaigo flees, and establishes a court at Yoshino in rivalry to Komyo's court in Kyoto.
		All daimyo hostile to Tokugawa family are moved to fiefs in outlying areas and forced to spend most of their wealth on road-building and other projects, and also to pass alternate years in different places - one in Edo and one in own fiefs, leaving families permanently as hostages in Edo.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /~reffland/anthropology/anthro2003/legacy/brief_history_jp.html (1436 words)

	Single-line Calligraphy by Shuho Myocho - MIHO MUSEUM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The author of this calligraphy, Daito Kokushi Shoho Myocho (1282-1337) was born in Harima (present-day Hyogo prefecture).
		Emperor Godaigo of the Daikakuji school of Buddhism bestowed the name Shoto Kokushi upon Myocho, and then Emperor Hanazono of the Jimyoin school of Buddhism bestowed the name Kozen Daito Kokushi upon Myocho, and thus Myocho converted both emperors.
		Upon Emperor Hanazono's enthronement in the 8th month of Kenmu 4 (1337), Daitokuji was presented with a statement that only Myocho's lineage of disciples could succeed to the his sect, and this established a system whereby there were 10.
	www.miho.or.jp /booth/html/doccon/00000828e.htm (486 words)

	Yokohama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Emperor Godaigo capitalized on this situation, rallying these dissatified lords to his cause.
		With their support, the imperial forces defeated the Kamakura forces and the Emperor was restored to political power in 1333.
		The Emperor's ascendancy was, however, very short lived, and in 1336, the Ashikaga family seized power and established a new Shogunate.
	www.fortunecity.com /greenfield/tigris/28/nhatban/kanto/metro/yokohama.htm (668 words)

	The Mission to Kyoto: Early History of Nichiren Buddhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		After the third exile, the Emperor Godaigo permitted the propagation of Odaimoku and Nichizo was allowed to found the Myokenji Temple.
		In the following years, the Emperor Godaigo and his son Prince Morinaga intrigued to overthrow the shogunate and restore the imperial family to power.
		In 1334, the emperor recognized Myokenji Temple as an Imperial Prayer Temple.
	nichirenscoffeehouse.net /Ryuei/HokkeShu_01.html (549 words)

	muromachi-p
		After the Muromachi shogunate was collapsed, Emperor Godaigo took the reins of government and a leading part of the politics.
		Emperor Godaigo sent Yoshisada Nita to subdue Takauji Ashikaga; however, Yoshisada lost a battle between Yoshisada and Takauji.
		Emperor Godaigo escaped from Kyoto and went to Yoshino in Nara since Kyoto was under Takauji's control and the position of the emperor was replaced.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/japan/muromachi/muromachi-p.htm (2557 words)

	[No title]
		It was the warrior-monks, scattered Imperialists and their Emperor running amok in the mountains.
		GODAIGO sent his general, ASHIKAGA TAKAUJI who destroyed this last HOJO, but once in KAMAKURA pronounced himself SHOGUN and distributed land to his generals.
		There, he was received by the 21 year old new Emperor, GOMURAKAMI-SAMA, who impressed his protector with the supreme gratitude for the KUSUNOKI family's Imperial bargain and the Emperor's great personal confidence.
	www.sho-shin.com /kagemit.htm (1590 words)

	The Kamakura Period
		The Hojo were able to consolidate their power after an emperor attempted (with a spectacular lack of success) to regain control of his government in 1221.
		Then, between 1333 and 1336, the Emperor Godaigo actually managed to rule more than whatever room he was in.
		The disloyal friend, Ashikaga Takauji, merely put another member of the imperial family on the throne and went ahead with the business of ruling in the name of the ``emperor.'' Eventually, the southern court was lured back to Kyoto by promises that the two branches would alternate on the throne.
	www.openhistory.org /jhdp/intro/node12.html (476 words)

	Family Crest
		In some cases, the eldest male carries the original crest while the younger male(s) use(s) a modified version of the original, but quite often, all male family members use the same family crest.
		The oldest recognized family crest in Japanese history was found in 1100, when the noble class, called Kuge, who served the Emperor started to use symbolized designs of flora, plants and other designs on their belongings such as carts, chests, furniture, and clothing.
		Couple of exceptions in the history that Masashige Kusunoki in the 14th century received the permission to use modified 16 petalled chrysanthemum flower as his family crest due to his important dedication to support Emperor Godaigo.
	www.japanusencounters.net /mon (1730 words)

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