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Topic: Goshirakawa, Emperor of Japan

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	Emperor Go-Shirakawa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Emperor Go-Shirakawa (後白河天皇 Go-Shirakawa Tennō) (October 18, 1127 – April 26, 1192) was the 77th imperial ruler of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
		The establishment of the Shogunate (or Bakufu) was the beginning of samurai control of Japan for 700 years until the Meiji Restoration in the middle of the 19th century.
		Retired Emperor Toba expected him to be on the throne.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Goshirakawa (719 words)

	[No title]
		The Emperor issues or causes to be issued, the Ordinances necessary for the carrying out of the laws, or for the maintenance of the public peace and order, and for the promotion of the welfare of the subjects.
		The Emperor determines the organization of the different branches of the administration, and salaries of all civil and military officers, and appoints and dismisses the same.
		The Emperor shall be the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people, deriving his position from the will of the people with whom resides sovereign power.
	www.openhistory.org /jhdp/download/encyclopedia/0.3.3/ejh.txt (16714 words)

	Goshirakawa Biography / Biography of Goshirakawa Biography
		Born Masahito, Goshirakawa was the fourth son of Emperor Toba and Fujiwara Akiko (Shoshi).
		Both former emperor Goshirakawa and Emperor Nijo were seized and detained under strict guard by different groups of warriors during the disturbances.
		Goshirakawa died of illness in the spring of 1192.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-goshirakawa (622 words)

	A Teachers' & Textbook Writers'(A HISTORICAL OUTLINE)
		Japan's imperial system, originally based on the myth of the descent from heaven to an earthly mountain of a deity -- supposed to be the ancestor of the imperial line -- boasts an unbroken line of imperial succession since the time of the early emperors.
		Moreover, throughout the various vicissitudes undergone by various emperors or by the Imperial family as a whole, the system continued to be supported by a feeling of respect or trust towards the emperor among the people.
		As an island nation where contacts and disputes with other races were few, Japan experienced no pressures threatening her system of government from the outside, nor was the emperor needed as a military leader symbolising the unity of the nation to other nations.
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/legacy/japanese_history.html (2049 words)

	1083-87. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Emperor Shirakawa (r.1072–86) continued to rule as a retired emperor after his abdication, and, after 1096, as a priestly retired emperor.
		The two civil wars of 1156 and 1159–60 had not been struggles for power between the court and the military clans, but the result was to make a single victorious warrior, backed by his personal troops, the dominant figure in Japanese politics.
		Goshirakawa, as retired emperor (1158–92), had some influence in the government, but in 1167 Kiyomori had himself appointed prime minister and gave important posts in the central and provincial governments to his clansmen.
	www.bartleby.com /67/387.html (610 words)

	RJJS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		As the emperor system was first established by the code, we can say that the original emperor system allowed abdication from the beginning.
		Emperor, on the other hand, could not have his own private property as far as he had formally embodied the state.
		But after Japan 's defeat in 1945 shinto was separated from the state and nowadays the rebuilding of the shrine is carried out as a private undertaking.
	www.opensys.ro /rjjs/nhtml/kondou/1.html (2105 words)

	Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Japan was granted technical sovereignty over the region in 1951, but the United States continued to exercise day-to-day control.
		The Amami Group was returned to Japan in full in 1953, and over the next twenty years the administration of the remainder was gradually relaxed.
		Full authority was resumed by Japan in 1972; nevertheless, the United States continues to exercise considerable extraterritorial rights over several large military bases, a source of intense bitterness on the part of the local population, and considerable friction and ambivalence between the USA and Japan.
	www.hostkingdom.net /japan.html (1429 words)

	Hell Scroll - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The seven hells depicted are the Hell of Excrement, Hell of Measures, Hell of the Iron Mortar, Hell of the Flaming Cock, Hell of the Black Sand Cloud, Hell of Pus and Blood and Hell of Foxes and Wolves.
		It is considered likely that the scroll corresponds to the Paintings of the Six Paths commissioned by Emperor Goshirakawa in the 12th century.
		This handscroll was preserved in Daishô-in Temple in Tokyo until the Meiji period when it came into the hands of the Hara family of Kanagawa, later ending up in the possession of the Japanese government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hell_Scroll (215 words)

	Terukazu - Chapter 5: The Great Age of Scroll Painting (12th to 14th Century)
		Shinto, the native religion of Japan, was an animistic cult in which all living things in nature were regarded as spirits, and ancestors were worshipped as deities.
		In the night of December 9, II59, the Sanjo palace was taken by storm and the ex--emperor Goshirakawa made a prisoner in a sector of the imperial palace.
		Repetition of the same subject in religious scrolls deadened the style and vulgarized the expression, while the political and economic decline of the old aristocracy centering on the emperor handicapped the court artists, whose leadership from the fifteenth century on fell to the Tosa family and its descendants.
	kaladarshan.arts.ohio-state.edu /studypages/internal/japan682/Ch5.htm (7190 words)

	Kamakura Era: 1192-1333
		Minamoto-no-Yoritomo was the leader of the house Genji and basically was in competition with the Emperor for control of Japan.
		The catch was that the shogun could move those armies without the Emperor's permission, thus making the shogun the true ruling power in the country.
		Emperor Gotoba in Kyoto wanted to take back control of the country and raised his own army.
	www.bookmice.net /darkchilde/japan/jh4.html (781 words)

	HYATT REGENCY KYOTO
		In fact, this district is famous for its significant history in terms of politics and culture, led by the Emperor Goshirakawa and Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and its beauty of prosperity and tradition still remains.
		Heian-kyo, founded by the Emperor Kanmu in 794, originally covered the area west of the Kamogawa River and had a population of about 70,000~100,000, which expanded to reach hundreds of thousands in the ensuing 400 years.
		Hojuji-dono was established at the foot of a mountain in Higashiyama by Goshirakawa.
	www.hyattregencykyoto.com /english/ahistoryofhigashiyamashichijo/index.php (399 words)

	Osaka and Kyoto
		A word about temples: Japan is a country of temples and, as a result, they form an important part of the tourist's scheduled.
		Japan today is like any other modern world capital, a mixture of various building styles from the ancient temples to the modern skyscrapers and malls.
		One of the primary reasons for our visiting Japan was so that Anne and I could visit Nat and Kako and their family, good friends who lived near us in New Jersey and then returned home to Osaka.
	www.anniebees.com /Asia/Asia35.htm (1247 words)

	Japan Page 3 Osaka Kyoto
		Built in 1164 by Emperor Goshirakawa who was a devotee of Kannon-Bodhisattva.
		Japan today is like any other modern world capital, a mixture of various building types from the ancient temples to the modern skyscrapers and malls.
		The rock garden consists of 15 rocks surrounded by raked white pebbles and is enclosed on three sides by a wall and, on the fourth side, by a wooden veranda where people sit and enjoy the garden.
	www.anniebees.com /Asia/Japan3.htm (1175 words)

	TWWH CHAPTER ONE
		- 347) was the empress consort of Emperor Nitoku and in 314 was proclaimed empress.
		Later she was the lover of Emperor Uda's fourth son, Prince Atsuyoshi, by whom she bore a daughter -- the poet Nakastukasa.
		This autobiographical narrative was written in 1307 to tell of the life she had as result of becoming a concubine of a retired emperor in Kyoto at the age of fourteen and ending, several love affairs later, with an account of her new life as a wandering Buddhist nun.
	www.ahapoetry.com /twchp1.htm (3663 words)

	Main Japan Page
		Shogun Minamoto Yoritomo established a new government in Kamakura in 1192 and the shogun (the highest military officer) became the ruler of Japan.
		This was the signal for the court, under the cloistered emperor Gotoba.
		The emperor during this period had no connection whatsoever with government or political affairs, and the 'appointment' of the shogun by the emperor was a mere matter of form.
	www.clovisusd.k12.ca.us /alta/Staff/Teachers/bitter/bitter2/government.html (1275 words)

	New Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Unfortunately, in the course of the wars at the end of the twelfth century the Daibutsuden was destroyed by fire in the year 1180.
		With the support of the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa and the help of contributions collected from all over Japan, the Hall was rebuilt and the new dedicatory ceremonies in 1195 were attended by Minamoto no Yeritomo, the de facto ruler of Japan, along with tens of thousands of his troops.
		As on the occasion of the earlier reconstruction's, contributions towards the expenses were solicited from all corners of Japan.
	www.asunam.com /imagep2.htm (390 words)

	Shoki - Demon Slayer of Japan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Overcome with remorse, the emperor ordered that Shoki be buried with the highest honors, wrapped in a green robe usually reserved for members of the imperial clan.
		This legendary character is said to have appeared in a dream of the Tang emperor, Xuan Zung, and brought him back to health by expelling the devil of illness.
		He was one of Japan's most important painters and printmakers during the 18th century.
	www.onmarkproductions.com /html/shoki.shtml (1301 words)

	Paper: Hiroshi Tanaka Shimazaki
		The popular pilgrimage to the 88 temples on Shikoku Island, Japan, associated with Kobo Daishi (774-835 A.D.), the founder of the Shingon sect of Buddhism, is a large scale representative circular pilgrimage covering some 1400 kilometre s (960 miles).
		It is commonly thought that the practice of pilgrimage was introduced to Japan in the middle of the Heian period (794-1192) by Buddhist priests who, during periods of study in China, made pilgrimages to various sacred places and, on their return, were ins trumental in establishing the practice in Japan.
		At this time, the literature and philosophy of Japan were only beginning to assume a distinct character and her relig ion a firm structure.
	www.colorado.edu /Conferences/pilgrimage/papers/Shimazaki.html (8209 words)

	Are men more intelligent than women - Page:4
		In the history of monarchy in Japan, the eighth century is remarkable for the number of female sovereigns.
		Buddhism was adopted by Emperor Shomu as the religion of the imperial court, although worship of the national gods, led by Amaterasu Omikami from whom the ruling dynasty claimed descent, as a customary rite was not disavowed.
		When her successor, Emperor Konin, died in 781, the council of ministers refused to allow a woman to take the throne, thereby creating a precedent which was followed consistently in later times, except for two unimportant instances after 1600, when the throne was powerless.
	www.englishforums.com /English/IntelligentWomen/4/vphq/Post.htm (2083 words)

	Warriors of Japan as Portrayed in the War Tales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In this study, Varley seeks to illuminate the evolution of the warrior code, the lord/vassal relationship, and the mode of warfare of ancient and medieval Japan, based on his reading of the famous warrior tales, gunki-mono.
		Retired Emperor Toba forced his son and successor Sutoku to abdicate in favor of another son, Konoe (it is said because he greatly loved Konoe's mother), and then, when this emperor died young, passed Sutoku's son and installed Goshirakawa instead.
		The latter prevailed with the decisive support of Kiyomori, whose incredible clemency to two of Yoshitomo's sons, Yoritomo and Yoshitsune, would prove to be the undoing of the Taira.
	www.gotterdammerung.org /books/reviews/w/warriors-of-japan-as-portrayed-in-the-war-tales.html (1130 words)

	Himeji - Hyogo pictures on Worldisround
		While the forest is reputed to be at its best in spring for the wonderful cherry blossoms and autumn for the colored leaves, on a hot summer's day such as the day we visited, the cool shelter of the forest was superb.
		Maninden is dedicated to the goddess of mercy, and while envisaging a celestial nymph worshiping a cherry tree, Shoku was reputed to have been inspired to carve a statue of the goddess of mercy standing on the tree.
		At Niomon a couple of families were being taken on a tour of the complex by appropriately clad guides who enacted an approach to the temple as might have been experienced in ancient days, complete with less than friendly spirits who might delay the traveller.
	www.worldisround.com /articles/18463/text.html (2343 words)

	Japan, Inc. - The Emperor System and Japan's Royal Family (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Chrysanthemum (left), the Japanese Emperor's symbol of divine authority was frequently seen embossed on military hardware until 1945.
		Japanese Emperors: B.C. Japan's royalty traces its descendancy from Jimmu, circa 660 B.C. The list shows Japan's ruling Emperors and eight ruling Empresses from Jimmu 660 B.C. to Akihito 1996 A.D. Heisei Tenno, Japan's Emperor Akihito, calls his reign Heisei, meaning "the achievement of complete peace on earth and in the heavens".
		In the case of the present Emperor Akihito and his predecessor, Hirohito, the names of their reigns is given.
	vikingphoenix.com /public/JapanIncorporated/postwar/japemps.htm (828 words)

	The River Oriental Trading Company
		Japan has bunraku and jyoruri puppets, Vietnam has water puppets that appear to dance on water, China has shadow puppets made of translucent cow leather.
		People in the Nagano region of Japan refer to their relationship as: 'ten to chi' (heaven and earth), meaning that just as on earth, they are also battling each other in heaven.
		A reigning emperor would be simply a figurehead and the real power would be held by a former emperor who abdicated and 'retired' to a temple to study Buddhism.
	www.logodesignguru.com /clients/191/ArtsDetails.html (2212 words)

	Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism
		In 1176 the so-called warrior-monks of Enryaku-ji made a direct appeal to the imperial court protesting the destruction of a branch temple of the school by a provincial lord.
		The Retired Emperor Goshirakawa, angered by the illegal appeal, had Myoun exiled to Izu.
		When Myoun visited the retired emperor at his palace, it was attacked by forces led by Minamoto no Yoshinaka, a general of the Minamoto clan, and Myoun was struck and killed by a stray arrow.
	www.sgi-usa.org /buddhism/dictionary/define?tid=201 (188 words)

	FAR EAST SHORE EXCURSIONS
		The Sacred Road is guarded on both sides with stone statues by which the ancient emperors went to hold a memorial ceremony for the ancestors.
		Although Kyoto was the capital of Japan from 794 to 1868, the city’s fortunes fluctuated dramatically, twice being destroyed in the 15th and 16th century’s during civil strife.
		The principal image, a seated, wooden 'Senju Kannon' is 9 feet tall and was carved in 1254 by Tankei, son of the famous Unkei - an active sculptor of the 13th century.
	www.myexcursions.com /far_east_shore_excursions.htm (7013 words)

	Radisson Seven Seas Cruises: Asia and Far East Cruises on the Seven Seas Voyager at a discount all year round.
		The atmosphere of old Japan is still to be savored in the picturesque downtown district of Asakusa, dominated by Asakusa Kannon Temple - Tokyo's oldest.
		The city used to be the religious and cultural center of Japan for many centuries, and is, therefore, still today of tremendous historical value, and possibly Japan's most popular tourist attraction.
		Fuji is the highest and most popular mountain in Japan, and is considered to be one of the most beautiful conical volcanoes in the world.
	www.raddison7seas.com /destinations/asia_land.html (7695 words)

	NHK 2005 historical drama "Yoshitsune" episode summaries
		The historical drama for 2005 is a life story of Minamoto no Yoshitsune, popular historical figure in Japan who is known to have been an excellent battle commander in the very end of the Heian period.
		As her daughter is expected to give a birth to the emperor’s child, Tokiko makes a certain decision.
		In a rage against the ex-emperor Goshirakawa who repeatedly confiscates the territories of the Heike family, Kiyomori keeps Tokuko and her son prince, who is a future emperor as well as Kiyomori’s grandson, at Heike’s residence.
	www.sonic.net /~tabine/Heike/Heike_Yoshitsune_taiga_summaries.html (3065 words)

	Culture Capsules: ESL Student Writing Project
		Kyoto is famous for many things as the cultural center and ancient capital of Japan, such as many temples, shrines, and art.
		The temple was originally built in 1164 at the request of the emperor, Goshirakawa, as an annex to the Hojuju Palace.
		In Japan, there are a lot of types of temples, not only Buddhist statues, but also gardens and buildings, which were built to express the Buddhist world.
	www.lclark.edu /~krauss/culturecapsulesf2001/Takeuchiweb/TMP6asse4w60k.htm (1616 words)

	Honen
		As to the position of women (Document 6), Honen assured them of their eventual salvation by taking the form of men, which was a step forward, but still showed the bias of a male-dominated society.
		There is no place for her to go but to the three painful states and the eight misfortunes, and there are no shapes for her to assume but those of the six ways and the four modes of birth.
		The gold and bronze image of Vairocana, one hundred and sixty feet high, erected by the Emperor Shomu, may be worshipped by women at a distance, but they are not allowed to go inside the door....
	www.sp.uconn.edu /~gwang/id115.htm (2562 words)

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