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	Theodosius I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 378, after the death of the emperor Valens at the Battle of Adrianople, the emperor Gratian appointed Theodosius co-augustus for the East.
		Gratian sent generals to clear Illyria of Goths, and Theodosius was able finally to enter Constantinople on November 24, 380, after two seasons in the field.
		The Emperor Valens had favored the group who used the homoi formula; this theology was prominent in much of the East and had under the sons of Constantine the Great gained a foothold in the West.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emperor_Theodosius (1943 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Gratian
		Roman Emperor; son of Valentinian I; born at Sirmium, 359; died at Lyons, 383.
		Gratian's reign marks a distinct epoch in the transition of the empire from paganism to Christianity.
		Gratian did not go so far as to confer upon the Church the privileges and emoluments which he took from the pagans, but he gave proof of his zeal by undoing the effects of Valens's persecution, and by taking measures for the suppression of various forms of heresy.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06729c.htm (407 words)

	Gratian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gratian acquiesced in their choice; reserving for himself the administration of the Gallic provinces, he handed over Italy, Illyria and Africa to Valentinian and his mother, who fixed their residence at Milan.
		For some years Gratian governed the empire with energy and success but gradually sank into indolence, occupying himself chiefly with the pleasures of the chase, and became a tool in the hands of the Frankish general Merobaudes and bishop Ambrose of Milan.
		Gratian, who was then in Paris, being deserted by his troops, fled to Lyon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gratian (530 words)

	Roman Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		If the emperor was near the border in the East, chances were high that an ambitious general would rebel in the West and vice-versa.
		The forced suicide of emperor Nero, in 68, was followed by a brief period of civil war (the first Roman civil war since Antony's death in 30 BC) known as the year of the four emperors.
		The emperors of this period were Nerva (96–98), Trajan (98–117), Hadrian (117–138), Antoninus Pius (138–161) and Marcus Aurelius (161–180), each being adopted by his predecessor as his successor during the former's lifetime.
	www.unipeak.com /gethtml.php?_u_r_l_=aHR0cDovL2VuLndpa2lwZWRpYS5vcmc6ODAvd2lraS9Sb21hbl9FbXBpcmU= (6802 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Gratian
		He agreed that Gratian was not yet able to “endure the dust of Mars,” but stated Gratian’s ability to rule would be based on his sense of justice and the nobility of his character.
		Gratian sent the dux Frigeridus with some legions from Pannonia and his comes domesticorum Richomeres with some Gallic legions, but Merobaudes disobeyed and left some legions to guard the borders against the Alamanni, should they decide to attack in the absence of troops.
		Gratian’s reign was notable for several tendencies, most of which highlight continuing trends in the history of the later Roman empire.
	www.roman-emperors.org /gratian.htm (2246 words)

	Gratian, Roman emperor of the West. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Gratian took Britain, Gaul, and Spain as his own share of the empire and acted as guardian for Valentinian in Italy, Illyricum, and Africa.
		After the death of Valens (378), he made Theodosius I emperor of the East.
		He appointed St. Ambrose as an adviser and vigorously attacked paganism, ordering the removal of the altar of Victory from the senate house and the confiscation of the revenues of the vestal virgins and refusing the title pontifex maximus.
	www.bartleby.com /65/gr/GratianEmp.html (182 words)

	The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire XXVII
		Gratian was amused by protestations of doubtful fidelity, and the hopes of a support which could not be effectual, till the arrival of Andragathius, the general of the cavalry of Maximus, put an end to his suspense.
		Justina was persuaded that a Roman emperor might claim, in his own dominions, the public exercise of his religion; and she proposed to the archbishop, as a moderate and reasonable concession, that he should resign the use of a single church, either in the city or suburbs of Milan.
		It was sufficient that the emperor of the Romans, stripped of the ensigns of royalty, should appear in a mournful and suppliant posture; and that, in the midst of the church of Milan, he should humbly solicit, with sighs and tears, the pardon of his sins.
	www.ccel.org /g/gibbon/decline/volume1/chap27.htm (15036 words)

	Roman Emperors DIR Magnus Maximus
		These were officers hand-picked by the emperor to assist the various Roman generals in tasks such as arresting subversives.
		In 383, he was acclaimed emperor by his troops and crossed into Gaul to confront the emperor Gratian.
		Finally, Maximus was the last really powerful emperor in the west; his defeat all but insured that the center of the Roman empire was to become Constantinople.
	www.roman-emperors.org /madmax.htm (987 words)

	/Users/ross/Desktop/maureens.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Meanwhile, the army was unhappy with emperor Gratian.
		Gratian ran away but was later captured and assassinated.
		He was proclaimed emperor and life went on as the Romans knew it.
	www.uky.edu /~scaife/coinsS02/maureens.html (468 words)

	Detail Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Emperor of the West from 375 to 392.
		Flavius Valentinianus was the son of Emperor Valentinian I and his second wife, Justina, and the half-brother of Gratian.
		Although Gratian accepted the demands of the Danubian troops that his brother be made co-emperor, from the start it was clear that Valentinian would possess little political power.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=ROME1800 (311 words)

	The Life of Our Holy Father Meletius, Archbishop of Antioch
		The emperor was grieved that the idol had ceased to make predictions, but, on learning from the pagan priests there that the relics of Babylas were the cause of the silence of Apollo’s idol, he commanded the Galileans (for so he referred to Christians) to take the relics away.
		Then the pious and Christ-loving Emperor Gratian issued a decree for all of the lands under his rule, that all churches must be confiscated from the Arians and returned to the Orthodox.
		Before all, the emperor related how the saint had appeared to him in a vision, investing him with the imperial crown and purple, and he accorded him more honor than he did to all the other hierarchs.
	www.orthodoxinfo.com /general/stmeletius.aspx (3600 words)

	Gratian
		Executive summary: Western Roman Emperor, 375-83 AD Gratian, Roman emperor 375-83, son of Valentinian I by Severa, was born at Sirmium in Pannonia, on the 18th of April (or 23rd of May) 359.
		Gratian acquiesced in their choice; reserving for himself the administration of the Gallic provinces, he handed over Italy, Ilyria and Africa to Valentinian and his mother, who fixed their residence at Milan.
		For some years Gratian governed the empire with energy and success, but gradually he sank into indolence, occupied himself chiefly with the pleasures of the chase, and became a tool in the hands of the Frankish general Merobaudes and bishop Ambrose.
	www.nndb.com /people/936/000103627 (377 words)

	Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series II, Vol. II
		Gratian, who was but recently married and youthful, as well as passionately attached to his wife, hastened incautiously across the river, and in his anxiety to meet her fell without forethought into the hands of Andragathius; he was seized, and, in a little while, put to death.
		The emperor having observed that the practice of idolatry had been greatly promoted by the facility of constant ingress and egress to and from the temple, directed the entrances of all temples to be closed; and eventually he commanded the demolition of many of these edifices.
		Gratian was then engaged in witnessing a private exhibition of the hunt, such as the emperors were wont to celebrate for their private pleasure, and not for the public pastime.
	www.bible.ca /history/fathers/NPNF2-02/Npnf2-02-25.htm (14700 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Theodosius I
		The Emperor Gratian (375-383) after the death of Valens (378) took Theodosius from private life and made him his fellow-emperor (Augustus) for the East (19 Jan., 379).
		The story of the emperor's worst crime, the massacre of at least 7000 citizens of Thessalonica in revenge for a tumult (April, 390); of St. Ambrose's refusal to allow him to enter the Church; of his acceptance of eight months of penance, is one of the memorable incidents of Church history.
		Arcadius became emperor of the eastern half of the empire, Honorius of the western.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14577d.htm (1026 words)

	Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series II, Vol. X
		He argues that the example of former Emperors should be followed as to the things which they retained, not which their abolished.
		382 he headed a deputation of the Senate to the Emperor Gratian to request the replacement of the Altar of Victory in the Senate House, and the restoration of their endowments to the Vestal Virgins and the colleges of priests.
		In the next year, Eugenius, who had been made Emperor by Flavian and Arbogastes, restored the Altar of Victory, which however was finally removed by Theodosius after the defeat of Eugenius and Arbogastes.
	www.ccel.org /fathers2/NPNF2-10/Npnf2-10-44.htm (425 words)

	Gratian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Gratian Emperor A. Gratian was the son of the Roman emperor Valentinian I and his wife Severa.
		Gratian was not adequately prepared to meet this threat and his soldiers deserted him as well.
		Gratian had never been very popular with the army because he preferred hunting and sports to leading men into battle.
	users2.ev1.net /~legionary/mainevent/coins/Gratian.html (209 words)

	[No title]
		Emperor Julian 'The Apostate' attempted to organize Paganism, to compete with Christianity.
		The Emperors Arcadius, Honorius and Theodosius II confirmed the judicial authority of bishops, and authorized the execution of their judgments by civil officials.
		Pope Honorius I (625-638) formally anathematized as an heretic by the Sixth Ecumenical Council (Constantinople).
	www.csun.edu /~hcfll004/chrtrium.html (809 words)

	The Battle of Adrianople
		The western empire at the time was ruled by Gratian, meanwhile in the east was ruled by his uncle Valens.
		This emperor however drew his conclusions from this fateful battle and hence relied much on cavalry mercenaries in his army.
		And it was with his use of the Germanic and Hunnic cavalry that he should eventually defeat the western legionary forces in civil wars to remove usurpers in the west, proving the point that power now lay no longer with the legions but with the horsemen.
	www.roman-empire.net /army/adrianople.html (1171 words)

	Theodosius I. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		He remained there until Emperor Gratian chose him to rule the East after the defeat and death (378) of Valens in the battle of Adrianople.
		Theodosius, whom Gratian made co-augustus in 379, took up arms against the Visigoths, who were plundering the Balkan Peninsula.
		In 383, Gratian was murdered; Theodosius was forced to recognize the usurper, Maximus, as emperor in the West outside Italy, where Gratian’s brother and legal successor, Valentinian II, held authority.
	www.bartleby.com /65/th/Theodos1.html (455 words)

	Theodosius
		But after the disastrous battle of Hadrianopolis, which saw the eastern emperor Valen and his army slaughtered by teh Visigoths in AD 378, emperor Gratian recalled Theodosius from exile in order to deal with the disastrous circumstances in the east.
		Theodosius' relationship with his fellow emperor Gratian in the west was a strained one, largely on religious grounds, but the fact that Theodosius' father had been executed under Gratian will surely not have made for friendly relations.
		Had the emperor been determined in his religious policy right from the beginning, then what followed was a enforced Christianization of the empire.
	www.roman-empire.net /collapse/theodosius-I.html (899 words)

	NPNF2-02. Socrates and Sozomenus Ecclesiastical Histories \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		Chapter XI.—The Emperor Gratian is slain by the Treachery of the Usurper Maximus.
		They met the emperor near the city of Lyons in France just as he had crossed the river: who believing it to be his wife, and not suspecting any treachery, fell into the hands of his enemy as a blind man into the ditch; for Andragathius, suddenly springing forth from the litter, slew him.
		The account of Gratian’s death given by Zosimus, though not inconsistent with that of Socrates, does not contain the details given by Socrates.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/npnf202.ii.viii.xii.html (441 words)

	Gratian, Emperor of Rome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Gratian was the oldest son of the Roman Emperor Valentinian I, who ruled the Empire with his brother Valens (Valentinian ruled the West).
		When Valentinian died in 375, Gratian was the sole-ruler of the West, reigning with his infant brother Valentinian II.
		Gratian was unpopular with the people due to his persecution of non-Christians, being an orthodox Christian himself.
	www.ghg.net /shetler/oldimp/273.html (135 words)

	Christian Network
		In his time the Arian heresy broke out, and although it was exposed and condemned in the Council of Nicaea, nevertheless, the deadly poison of its evil spread, as has been said, to the Churches in the islands, as well as to those of the rest of the world.
		Finding the condition of the commonwealth much impaired, and almost gone to ruin, and impelled by the necessity of restoring it, he invested the Spaniard, Theodosius, with the purple at Sirmium, and made him emperor of Thrace and the Eastern provinces.
		His brother, the Emperor Valentinian, expelled from Italy, fled into the East, where he was entertained by Theodosius with fatherly affection, and soon restored to the empire, for Maximus the tyrant, being shut up in Aquileia, was there taken by them and put to death.
	www.cnetwork.co.uk /ven5.html (286 words)

	[No title]
		In A.D. 382 he headed a deputation of the Senate to the Emperor Gratian to request the replacement of the Altar of Victory in the Senate House, and the restoration of their endowments to the Vestal Virgins and the colleges of priests.
		For under emperors who abstain from what belongs to others, and resist avarice, that which does not move the desire of him who takes it, is taken solely to injure the loser.
		I would have come, O Emperor, to your consistory, and have made these remarks in your presence, if either the Bishops or the people had allowed me, but they said that matters concerning the faith ought to be treated in the church, in presence of the people.
	www.ewtn.com /library/PATRISTC/PII10-11.TXT (21777 words)

	Macsen Wledig: a Cymric Hero, also known as Magnux Maximus and Maxen Wledic (Great Greatness)
		That same year Gratian was slain and Maximus became sole emperor of the west.
		They also say that after defeating Gratian, instead of sending the troops home he established them in Armorica and thus was established the realm of Llydaw (Brittany) under the leadership of Cynan Meiriadawc.
		One day the emperor went to hunt at Caerfyrddin and he came so far as the top of Brefi Fawr and pitched his tent, at a place which is known as Cadeir Macsen even to this day.
	www.celtnet.org.uk /gods_m/macsen.html (1621 words)

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