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	Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Henry IV (November 11, 1050 – August 7, 1106) was King of Germany from 1056 and Emperor from 1084, until his abdication in 1105.
		Henry was the eldest son of the Emperor Henry III, by his second wife Agnes de Poitou, and was probably born at the royal palace at Goslar.
		Henry jeopardized both when, in 1075, his insistence on the right of a secular ruler to invest, i.e., to place in office, members of the clergy, especially bishops, began the conflict known as the Investiture Controversy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (572 words)

	Henry IV, Holy Roman emperor and German king. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Henry’s first task after assuming control was to restore his authority in the duchies, especially in Saxony, where a revolt (1073) was subdued in 1075.
		Henry disregarded the opposition of Pope Gregory VII to lay investiture and invested a new bishop of Milan.
		Trapped by a promise of conciliation, Henry IV was imprisoned and forced to abdicate (1105).
	www.bartleby.com /65/he/Henry4HRE.html (684 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Emperor Henry IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He was the son of Holy Roman Emperor Henry III amd Empress Agness, and was educated under the influence of Archbishops Saint Anno of Cologne and Adalbert of Bremen, the latter the de facto ruler during his minority.
		A synod at Worms pronounced Gregory deposed 1076, whereupon the pope excommunicated Henry on 14 February.
		In 1098 the emperor had his son Henry elected king of Germany, but in 1104 the latter revolted and compelled his father to abdicate.
	www.catholic-forum.com /Saints/ncd03883.htm (318 words)

	ipedia.com: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Henry was the eldest son of the Emperor Henry III, by his...
		Henry IV, (November 11, 1050 - 1106) was German king from 1056, and Emperor from 1084, both until his deposition in 1105.
		Henry's first marriage, to Bertha, countess of Maurine, produced two sons, of whom Conrad died after claiming the imperial crown, and Henry forced his father's abdication in 1105, replacing him as Henry V. A daughter, Agnes of Franconia, married Frederick Hohenstaufen, Duke of Swabia.
	www.ipedia.com /henry_iv__holy_roman_emperor.html (481 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Medieval: Lecture Sixteen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Henry IV's first clash with the papacy came under pope Alexander II and was centered in a disagreement over whose nominee would be honored in filling the vacant bishopric of Milan.
		Henry IV's quick action had averted his being deposed, but a number of German nobles who had been scarcely able to contain their joy at the prospect of being rid of him felt that the pope had betrayed them.
		Henry IV had nothing to do with these elections and their support had begun to dwindle rapidly from the successes of the pro-reform Pope, Urban II, after 1088.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht34632e16.html (4482 words)

	Encyclopedia: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
		Henry III (October 29, 1017 â€“ October 5, 1056), called the Black, was a member of the Salian (sometimes Franconian) dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors.
		Events Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor begs Pope Gregory VII to remove sentence of excommunication Robert Curthose instigates his first insurrection against his father, William the Conqueror Seljuk Turks capture Nicaea SÃ¼leyman I of RÃ¼m becomes the leader of the Sultanate of RÃ¼m in modern Turkey Anush...
		Agnes of Germany (1074 - September 24, 1143), was the daughter of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Bertha, daughter of Otto, Count of Maurienne and Adelaide.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Henry-IV,-Holy-Roman-Emperor (2087 words)

	Henry IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Henry IV succeeded to the throne at the age of six.
		As a result of the investiture controversy (wether bishops should be appointed by the pope or emperor) Henry IV deposed the pope, the pope in return excommunicated the emperor.
		Besieged by the reform movement led by pope Urban II (the successor of Gregory VII) Henry IV was forced to abdicate in 1106, the same year he died at Liege.
	www.hyperhistory.com /online_n2/people_n2/ppersons5_n2/henry4.html (125 words)

	pirandello and Caligula
		This is further emphasized by the fact that one of the hired lackeys (the “counsellors” of Henry’s court) refuses to play his eleventh century role: he has prepared himself for the sixteenth century court of King Henry IV of France only to discover that he must serve the eleventh century Emperor Henry IV of Germany.
		Henry IV, Pirandello has no reason to externalize his hero because the Emperor Henry IV as we see him is not actually a real person: rather, he is an identity, a role, which was forced upon the hero twenty years previously.
		Henry IV does Pirandello allow his protagonist to depart from this passivity, and this one instance (the stabbing of Tito Belcredi) is the result of a reality forced upon Henry by the psychiatrist’s plot in causing the portraits to come alive.
	faculty.uccb.ns.ca /philosophy/caligula/biblio6.htm (1755 words)

	Heinrich III (1017-1056) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Henry was the son of the emperor Konrad II (990-1039) and Gisela of Swabia.
		With the Emperor's approval, Gisela had taken charge of his upbringing, and she saw to it that he was educated by a number of tutors and acquired an interest in literature.
		According to some sources, in his old age Henry was rumoured to have become untrue to himself and inaccessible to the common people; he was reported to have refused to grant a judicial hearing to the poor.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/EmperorHeinrich-III/EmperorHeinrich-III.html (1351 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Henry IV
		German King and Roman Emperor, son of Henry III and Agnes of Poitou, b.
		We know that Henry IV had a good literary education, but that his literary and artistic interests were not profound and were not, as in the case of his father, submerged in unpractical idealism.
		Here the final decision in Henry's case was left to the pope, and a resolution was passed that if Henry were not freed from excommunication within a year he should forfeit the empire.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07230a.htm (2123 words)

	RUDOLPH II. - LoveToKnow Article on RUDOLPH II. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		By this time the members of the Habsburg family were thoroughly alarmed at the indifference or incompetence of the emperor; and their anxieties were not diminished by the knowledge that he was in feeble health, was unmarried, and had refused to take any steps towards securing the election of a successor.
		Having at first rejected the demand of the Bohemians for greater religious liberty, the emperor was soon obliged to yield to superior force, and in 1609 he acceded to the popular wishes by issuing the Letter of Majesty (Majestatsbrief), and then made similar concessions to his subjects in Silesia and elsewhere.
		He received the duchy of Swabia from Agnes, regent and mother of the young king, Henry IV., in 1057, and two years later married the king's sister Matilda (1045-1060), and was made administrator of the kingdom of Burgundy, or Aries.
	87.1911encyclopedia.org /R/RU/RUDOLPH_II_.htm (1528 words)

	Ancestors of Eugene Ashton ANDREW & Anna Louise HANISH Emperor Henry GERMANY, IV ANDREW ANGERMUELLER HANISH STRUDELL ...
		After negotiations with Welf IV, the new duke (as Welf I) of Bavaria, and with Rudolf, the duke of Swabia, Henry was forced to grant immunity to the rebels in 1073 and had to agree to the razing of the royal Harz Castle in the final peace treaty inFebruary 1074.
		Henry was forced to invade Italy once more in 1090, but after initial success, his defeat in 1092 resulted in the uprisings in Lombardy; and the rebellion of his son Conrad, who was crowned king of Italyby the Lombards, led to general rebellion.
		The Emperor found himself cut off from Germany and besieged in a corner of northeastern Italy...It was not until Welf V separated from Matilda, in 1095, and his father, the deposed Welf IV, was once more granted Bavaria as a fief, in 1096, that Henry was able to return to Germany (1097).
	www.geneal.net /1721.htm (2828 words)

	Matthew Geisel - Otto II of Germany
		Emperor Heinrich I (Henri L'Oiseleur) Germany and Matilda of Ringleheim.
		Holy Roman Emperor Henry (Heinrich) IV Franconia of Germany was born in 1050.
		Emperor Otto I of Germany was born in 912 in Germany.
	share.geocities.com /Heartland/Ranch/8882/d162.htm (664 words)

	REVISTA ERASMUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The conflict between Emperor Henry IV (1056-1106) and Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) was the main political event of the late XI-th century - it was in fact the conflict between the most powerful forces of the Christian World, both of them having the same goal: the European (2) supremacy.
		His father, Henry III, died when he was still a child (1056) and was not until 1066 that Henry IV began to rule the Empire by himself.
		Even in the political area the problems were complicated: Henry IV and Gregory VII fought for the right of investing bishops, but they also had among their goals the control over Italy, and perhaps the competition for primacy was considered at that time only as a secondary problem.
	www.ong.ro /ong/erasmus/art2.htm (5944 words)

	Alberici Cassinensis Corpus 2.3 (translation)
		Henry II, bishop of Augsburg and chancellor (1046-1047) for Germany under emperor Henry III.
		The model privilege of emperor Henry IV for Montecassino given here (2.3.12-19) is noted as DDH.IV appendix 24; it served as a Vorurkunde for DF.I.13 (confirmation for Moggio, issued at Regensburg), via the S. Emmerans manuscript (Munich, clm.
		If the date of Henry's election as king of Germany (1053) is taken as the beginning of his reign, the twelfth regnal year would be 1065, which was indeed indiction 3.
	dobc.unipv.it /scrineum/wight/3acn.htm (723 words)

	webGED: The Bement Family Data Page
		Henry subsequently secured his position with the nobles and with the church by issuing a charter of liberties that acknowledged the feudal rights of the nobles and the rights of the church.
		Henry was born in Bolingbroke Castle in April 1367, the son of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster.
		Henry, the son of Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond (1430?-56), and Margaret Beaufort, countess of Richmond and Derby (a direct descendant of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster), was born on January 28, 1457, in Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire.
	www.bementfamily.com /webged/bement.wbg/wga32.html (6185 words)

	The Avalon Project : Decree of the Emperor Henry IV Concerning a Truce of God (1085 A.D.)
		It, during the space for which the peace has been declared, it shall be necessary for any one to go to another place where that peace isn't observed, he may bear arms; provided, nevertheless, that he harm no one unless he is at.
		It is an exception also to this statute of peace, if the emperor shall publicly order an expedition to be made to seek the enemies of the realm, or shall be pleased to hold a council to judge the enemies of justice.
		Where laymen are decapitated, clerks shall be degraded; where laymen are mutilated, clerks shall be suspended from their positions; and, by the consent of the laity, they shall be afflicted with frequent fasts and flagellations until they shall have atoned.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/medieval/dechenry.htm (918 words)

	Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		(HRR) Henry IV, (November 11, 1050 - 1106) was German king from 1056, and Emperor from 1084, both until his deposition in 1105.
		Gregory, on his way to a diet at Augsburg, and hearing that Henry was approaching, took refuge in the castle of Canossa (near Parma) belonging to Matilda, Countess of Tuscany.
		Henry's first marriage, to Bertha, countess of Maurine, produced two sons, of whom Conrad died after claiming the imperial crown, and Henry forced his father's abdication in 1105, replacing him as Henry V. A daughter, Agnes of Franconia, married the later Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick I Barbarossa.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Emperor_Henry_IV (447 words)

	Henry IV
		Henry IV is often cited as the existential masterpiece of Nobel Prize winner Luigi Pirandello.
		Rather than treat his madness, his wealthy nephew (David Pusey) feeds this delusion; 'Henry' is placed in a solitary house decorated as an 11th century palace, and servants are paid to act as mediaeval courtiers to their insane charge.
		Geoff Hyman's Henry was not always fluent but this gave added frustration to the explosive outbursts of his character, capturing the sympathy of the audience.
	www.culturewars.org.uk /2003-02/henryiv.htm (477 words)

	Henry IV, L. Pirandello, 1922
		The Emperor's wife is Bertha of Susa, the sister of Amadeus II.
		Henry IV remains aloof, pondering on the misery which is not only his, but everybody's.
		The others without taking notice of Henry IV, who looks on astonished by the unexpected inrush, after the moment of terror which still causes him to tremble, run anxiously to support and comfort the still shaking Frida, who is moaning in the arms of her fiancé.
	www.eldritchpress.org /lp/e4.htm (14383 words)

	Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor : Emperor Henry IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor : Emperor Henry IV Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor : Emperor Henry IV Henry IV, the third Holy Roman Emperor of the Salian dynasty, was born in Goslar in 1050.
		In 1056 he became King of Germany, succeeding his father, the emperor Henry III on the latter's death; during his minority, his mother, Empress Agnes, ruled on his behalf.
		Henry begged the pope to rescind the sentence, which he did - but only after Henry walked barefoot from his court to Rome.
	www.explainthis.info /em/emperor-henry-iv.html (409 words)

	Marco Bellocchio
		Twenty years earlier, an emotionally fragile young "Henry" (Luciano Bartoli) suffered from a concussion after being thrown from his horse during a pageant fair and, awakening to the crushing sight of his beloved Matilda (Latou Chardons) entertaining the affections of another suitor, suffered a psychotic break during the evening's festivities.
		Now, years later, Henry's nephew has taken up his uncle's seemingly hopeless cause, spurred in part by his devoted mother's belief shortly before her death that her brother was nearly cured from his psychological affliction by requesting the services of a psychiatrist (Leopoldo Trieste) to evaluate Henry's mental health.
		It is not accidental that the film's introduction to the now middle-aged Henry is through a disrobed image as he receives his morning massage - a figurative reflection of his liberation from the traps of social and personal artifice - a paradoxical nakedness that results from an absence of pretense in his assumed role.
	www.filmref.com /directors/dirpages/bellocchio.html (757 words)

	ChurchRodent: Henry IV, Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Henry's answer was to convene in 1076 a synod of German bishops that declared Pope Gregory a usurper and unfit to occupy the Roman See.
		Eventually, Henry was driven to make peace with the Holy Father because of a revolt among the German nobles.
		Henry appeared before Gregory in January 1077 at Canossa, a castle in the mountains of Italy.
	tatumweb.com /churchrodent/terms/henryiv.htm (156 words)

	Henry IV (Holy Roman Emperor)
		Excommunicated twice (1076 and 1080), Henry deposed Gregory VII and set up the antipope Clement III (died 1191) by whom he was crowned Holy Roman Emperor 1084.
		Late in his reign, Henry's sons Conrad and Henry (the future emperor Henry V) rebelled.
		Henry was forced to abdicate and took refuge in Liège, where he died.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0020015.html (133 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Henry IV: Letter to Gregory VII, Jan 24 1076
		King Henry IV of Germany (1056-1106) in January 1076, condemned Gregory as a usurper.
		Henry, king not through usurpation but through the holy ordination of God, to Hildebrand, at present not pope but false monk.
		I Henry, king by the grace of God, do say unto thee, together with all our bishops: Descend, descend, to be damned throughout the ages.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/henry4-to-g7a.html (472 words)

	Henry IV of Germany 1056—1106 - Cambridge University Press
		This is the first book in English devoted to the German king and emperor Henry IV (1056—1106), whose reign was one of the most momentous in German history and a turning-point in the history of the medieval empire (the kingdoms of Germany, Italy and Burgundy).
		Earlier monarchs had also witnessed conflict between crown and aristocracy, but Henry IV’s reign differed in that his conflicts could never be definitively resolved either by negotiation or by war.
		The alliance between the German princes and the papacy haunted Henry IV for the rest of his life.
	www.cambridge.org /0521651131 (296 words)

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