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	Jianwen Emperor - Biocrawler
		In 1402 the throne was usurped by Zhu Yunwen's uncle Zhu Di.
		The emperor is said to have died in a fire of the palace during the coup.
		The Jianwen emperor was advised by a group of scholars, later known as the Four Martyrs, who were killed by Yongle.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Jianwen_Emperor (301 words)

	Yongle Emperor Summary
		The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360 – August 12, 1424), born Zhu Di, was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China from 1402 to 1424.
		The Yongle Emperor is buried in the Changling (長陵) tomb, the central and largest mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty Tombs.
		Emperor Yongle was born Zhu Di on May 2nd, 1360 (mother unknown) to a monk and future emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
	www.bookrags.com /Yongle_Emperor (3251 words)

	China from Mongols to the Ming
		Temur Oljeitu was a conscientious and energetic emperor, but the emperors who followed him after his early death in 1307 were of lesser quality than he or Kubilai Khan.
		Following Tugh Temur as emperor in 1333 was the thirteen-year-old, Toghon Temur, reputed to be the son of Koshila.
		Jianwen had been indecisive and scholarly and no match for his uncle, who in 1403 became the emperor, Zhi Di - also known as the Emperor of Yongle (Perpetual Happiness), said to have been born of a Korean concubine.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h12china.htm (1594 words)

	InfoHub - View Single Post - Zhu Yuanzhang - Founder of the Ming Dynasty
		In 1368 Zhu Yuanzhang declared himself to be the emperor of China.
		He died in 1398 and Jianwen became the new emperor of China.
		Jianwen's father Crown Prince Zhu Biao, who was a son of Zhu Yuanzhang.
	www.infohub.com /forums/showpost.php?p=33485&postcount=1 (640 words)

	Yongle Emperor at AllExperts
		The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360 – August 12, 1424), born Zhu Di, was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China from 1402 to 1424.
		The Yongle Emperor is buried in the Changling (長陵) tomb, the central and largest mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty Tombs.
		Emperor Yongle was born Zhu Di on May 2nd, 1360 (mother unknown) to a monk and future emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
	en.allexperts.com /e/y/yo/Yongle_Emperor.htm (2056 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Hongwu Emperor
		Emperor Jianwen was overthrown, with retroactivity for the 4 years
		The Hongwu Emperor (September 21, 1328 – June 24, 1398), personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, was the founder and first emperor (1368–98) of the Míng Dynasty of China.
		The emperor devoted great personal care to the whole project, and in his instruction to the ministers told them that the code of laws should be comprehensive and intelligible, so as not to leave any loophole for lower officials to misinterpret the law through twisting its language.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Hongwu_Emperor (2223 words)

	Wikipedia search result
		Emperor Jianwen was overthrown, with retroactivity for the 4 years
		The Hongwu Emperor (September 21, 1328 – June 24, 1398), personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, was the founder and first emperor (1368–98) of the Míng Dynasty of China.
		The emperor devoted great personal care to the whole project, and in his instruction to the ministers told them that the code of laws should be comprehensive and intelligible, so as not to leave any loophole for lower officials to misinterpret the law through twisting its language.
	feedbus.com /wikis/wikipedia.php?title=Hongwu_Emperor (2202 words)

	Emperor Xiaowu of Jin at AllExperts
		In 372, as Emperor Jianwen grew ill, he created Sima Yao crown prince, but in his will initially offered the throne to Huan Wen if he wanted it, until his official Wang Tanzhi (çå¦ä¹) objected and authored, with his approval, an amendment whereas Huan was only compared to Zhuge Liang and Wang Dao.
		As the new emperor was only 10 years old, his cousin Emperor Kang's wife Empress Dowager Chu served as regent, but the decisions were actuallyl being made by Xie An and Wang Tanzhi, as Huan, apparently fearful of being entraped, declined an offer to be regent.
		By 396, Emperor Xiaowu was spending so much of his time in drinking and women that he was not seeing his officials on important matters of state on a regular basis.
	en.allexperts.com /e/e/em/emperor_xiaowu_of_jin.htm (1506 words)

	Qwika - similar:Jianwen_Emperor
		Jianwen Emperor Birth and death:5 December, 1377–13 July, 1402¹ Family name:Zhū (朱) Given name:Yŭnwén (允炆) Dates of reign:30 June, 1398–13 July, 1402 Era name:Jianwen (建文) Era dates:6 February, 1399–29 July, 1402² Temple name:None given³ Posthumous name:(short)Emperor Hui4 (惠帝) Posthumous name:(full)Emperor...
		Zhu Biao朱標 (1355 – 1392) was Emperor Hong Wu's first son and Crown Prince of the founder of the Ming Dynasty.
		Wanli Emperor (September 4, 1563 - August 18, 1620) was emperor of China (Ming dynasty) between 1572 and 1620.
	www.qwika.com /rels/Jianwen_Emperor (1345 words)

	Jianwen Emperor Information
		by the new emperor, and the former Hongwu era was
		His father, Crown Prince Zhu Biao (朱標), was the son and designated heir of the Hongwu Emperor.
		In 1402 the throne was usurped by Zhu Yunwen's uncle Zhu Di, mainly because of his suppression on the feudal lords.
	www.bookrags.com /Jianwen_Emperor (308 words)

	Ming Emperor Zhengtong (Zhu Qizhen) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The difference between he and the emperors before him was that he lived in the palace from his childhood.
		In the 8th year of Emperor Jingtai's reign, Emperor Jingtai was badly ill. Zhengtong took the chance to recapture the throne and became an emperor again.
		Before his death, he abrogated the rule of Xunzang (if the emperor died, some of the imperial concubines would be forced to commit suicide, and then they would be buried with the dead emperor, this is called Xunzang).
	library.thinkquest.org /C0126670/emperors/zhengtong_en.htm (239 words)

	Early Modern China People
		Zhu Wen; regional military commander in the late 9th century; kills the remaining members of the Tang imperial household; establishes himself as the emperor of the shortlived (Later) Liang dynasty in 907 (907-23); begins the era of disunity known as the Five Dynasties period.
		Jianwen Emperor (reigned 1399-1402); eldest son of Zhu Yuanzhang's eldest son; throne usurped by his uncle, the Prince of Yan, in 1402.
		Restoration Society (Fu She); a second generation of Donglin scholars and political activists; gain influence in bureaucratic circles in the 1630s and 1640s; are not able to stem the tide of corruption and factionalism at court; internal fighting helps to doom their cause of restoration of the Ming Dynasty in the 1650s and 1660s.
	www.history.umd.edu /Faculty/agoldman/284/htm_pages/terms/emc_people.htm (1293 words)

	A Coded Message on a Red Cliff
		Emperor Jianwen was gentle, relaxed and poetic by nature in contrary to his grandfather, an aggressive warlord.
		The palace was set on fire, and burned bodies were claimed to be those of Emperor Jianwen and his empress, although the official documents later admitted that his remains were never positively identified.
		Having deciphered all the symbols, the researchers announced that the red cliff was once used as an imperishable message board by Emperor Jianwen who invented the coded language to publically communicate with his officials in exile.
	wenhousecrafts.com /places/cliffofmystery.htm (1026 words)

	Chronologic Timeline Ming Emperors and Summaries of Reign Periods 1368 AD - 1644 AD, by China Report (Site not responding. Last check: )
		the Emperors succeeding Zhu Yuanzhang the Hongwu Emperor, the Confucian scholar
		As the old Emperor was greatly devoted to one of his Ladies, a concubine by the name of Cheng, he was inclined to have her eldest son named Crown Prince.
		The Emperor had no eye for the acute political matters and instead spent nearly all his daily time with the Palace Ladies while indulging in food, drink and carnal pleasures. The Lady of the East and the Lady of the West were his favorite maids of honor.
	www.drben.net /ChinaReport/Sources/History/Ming/Chronologic-Timeline-Ming-Emperors-and-Summary-of-Reign.html (7808 words)

	Ming Empire 1368-1644 by Sanderson Beck
		Emperor Hongwu wrote a commentary on Lao-zi's Dao De Jing in 1375, and he thought maybe he should not put to death so many people; but the next year he had hundreds of officials executed for pre-stamping fiscal documents as a convenience.
		Scholars criticized the Emperor for harsh methods; but in 1385 Hongwu had his vice-minister of revenue and hundreds of others executed for embezzling, and the minister of personnel was accused of slandering the head of the National University and was put to death.
		The Emperor's heir Zhu Biao died of illness in 1392.
	www.san.beck.org /3-7-MingEmpire.html (23700 words)

	Yongle Emperor of China - Famous Ancient Chinese People - Chinese
		The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360–August 12, 1424), born Zhu Di, was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China from 1402 to 1424.
		Hongwu died on June 24th, 1398, and Zhu Yunwen was crowned Emperor Jianwen.
		Despite much council from his advisors, Yongle chose his older son, Gaozhi (the future Hongxi Emperor), as his heir apparent mainly due to advising from Xie Jin.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Yongle_Emperor_of_China (2035 words)

	Mohammedan Blue
		Keep in mind that scattered quantities of the latter, Sumatran Blue, were possibly intermixed with those from the same mines of the earlier Mohammedan Blue, adding to the confusion of differentiating between the two in the later reigns.
		Little is mentioned of the brief reign of the second Ming emperor Jianwen, grandson to Hongwu.
		It was the potters of the Qing dynasty, during the successful reign of emperor Kangxi (1662-1722) that perfected the refining process of the native cobalt to where it could rival Mohammedan Blue.
	www.taimantis.com /chinese/blues.html (1627 words)

	Hongwu Emperor - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Hongwu Emperor (September 21, 1328 – June 24, 1398), personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, was the founder of the Ming Dynasty of China, and the first emperor of this dynasty from 1368 to 1398.
		As emperor, Hongwu increasingly concentrated power in his own hands and abolished the Imperial Secretariat, which had been the main central administrative body under past dynasties, after suppressing a plot for which he had blamed his chief minister.
		The emperor's role this became even more autocratic, although Hongwu necessarily continued to use what he called the Grand Secretaries to assist with the immense paperwork of the bureaucracy, which included memorials (petitions and recommendations to the throne), imperial edicts in reply, reports of various kinds, and tax records.
	www.tvwiki.tv /wiki/Hung-wu (1493 words)

	Chinese Substates
		In 357, as Emperor Mu turned 14 and she officially stripped herself of her role as regent, and moved to Chongde Palace, which would be her residence for the rest of her life.
		After some years he was deposed and replaced by Emperor Jianwen, who died in 372, and when he was succeeded by his son Emperor Xiaowu, she was persuaded to become regent again until he turned 14 in In 376.
		The emperor's confidence in her was almost absolute and she was careful not to damage the relationship by antagonizing the Empress Dowager who was afraid of her son.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /chinese_substates.htm (1057 words)

	Imperial Elegance - Chinese Ceramics from Asia Society's Rockefeller Collection
		Huizong, the Northern Song-dynasty emperor who reigned from 1101 to 1126, was the epitome of the Chinese emperor-aesthete, and his taste had a strong and long-lasting impact on the arts, ranging from poetry to jade carving.
		A number of Qing-dynasty emperors were distinguished for both encouraging innovations in porcelain decoration (at Jingdezhen and in imperial workshops at the capital) and collecting ceramics.
		The emperor was also taken by Jian tea bowls, particularly those with “hare’s-fur” (tuhao wen) markings, as seen in the dark, thick glaze covering this bowl, which he said were the most desirable.
	www.asiasociety.org /arts/imperialelegance/imperialtaste.html (1145 words)

	Guan Yu - WiccanWeb.ca
		In 1187, during the reign of Emperor Xiaozong Guan Yu was established as Prince Zhuangmou Yiyong Wu'an Yingji (壮缪義勇武安英济王).
		During the Ming dynasty his spirit was said to have aided the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang's fleet at the Battle of Boyang.
		The emperor was told that the disruption was the work of Chi You, a deity of war.
	www.wiccanweb.ca /wiki/index.php/Guan_Yu (1444 words)

	Exploring Chinese History :: Database Catalog :: Biographical Database :: Imperial China- (?- 1644)
		After assembling forces and proclaiming himself emperor in the face of competitors, he was able to defeat his rivals, destroy the peasant army of the Chimei (Red Eyebrows, 赤眉), known for their disorganization and marauding, and finally reunify the whole of China in CE 36.
		Emperor Gengshi's regime was only able to obtain nominal submission from many regions of the empire, and one of the trouble region was the region north of the Yellow River.
		Although Emperor Guangwu had already created many of his generals and officials marquesses, in 37, after the conquest of the empire was largely complete, he readjusted their marches in accordance with their accomplishments.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/06dat/bio.1imp.html (15104 words)

	Illustrated Ming Emperors
		The objective is to present a brief history of the Ming dynasty using original court portraits of Ming emperors as well as related artwork of the period.
		The 277 years of Ming dynasty is not only the final imperial dynasty ruled by the indigenous Han or Chinese people but also one that is characterized by the relatively stable government internally and the expansion of Chinese influence externally.
		We propose in future to annotate each portrait with text about the emperor depicted, his life and times, his accomplishments and setbacks.
	www.geissfoundation.org /pear_publications/pearpub_ming_emperors/illustrated_ming_emperors.htm (416 words)

	Navigator remembered
		The Prince of Yan revolted against his nephew, Emperor Jianwen, and took the throne in 1402.
		After the prince became Emperor Yongle, the war-devastated economy of China was soon restored and the central government then sought to display its naval power overseas.
		Selected by the emperor to be commander-in-chief of the missions to the Western Seas, he set sail in 1405, commanding 62 ships and 27,800 men.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /english/doc/2004-10/29/content_386808.htm (660 words)

	Zheng_He - Thagodz Wiki
		Zheng He was born in 1371 of the Hui ethnic group and the Muslim faith in modern-day Yunnan Province, one of the last possessions of the Mongols of the Yuan Dynasty before being conquered by the Ming Dynasty.
		The name Zheng He was given by the Yongle emperor for the war merit in the Yongle rebellion against the Jianwen Emperor.
		Tun Perpatih succeeded in impressing the Emperor of Ming with the fame and grandeur of Sultan Mansur Shah that the Emperor decreed that his daughter Hang Li Po should marry the Sultan.
	www.thagodz.com /search/wiki/?title=Zheng_He (4324 words)

	The Tragic Killing of Loyalists
		Jianwen's uncle, the King of Yen, usurped the throne and ordered to kill Jianwen and his men.
		Jianwen disguised himself as a monk and escaped.
		While Emperor Jianwen and his escort Cheng Ji run along the countryside they witness the decapitation of his old subjects and the arrest of their families.
	www.kunqu.org /eqzl.html (216 words)

	Imperial Prince rebellion 3 - Prince of Hàn - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Zhū GāoXù was the second son of the YŏngLè Emperor (永乐), who himself successfully usurped the throne from his nephew the JiànWén Emperor (建文帝) in AD 1403.
		Had the JiànWén Emperor not in foolish sense of familial ties ordered Zhū Dì not to be killed, it would have been easy for the Imperial army to kill Zhū Dì in battle by launching countless shots.
		Emperor XuānZōng disagreed again, and laughed, "JĭNán is in close proximity to LèĀn, but it is a strongly defended city and would not fall easily.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=7915 (2912 words)

	Zheng He - Article about Zheng He
		Zheng He was born in 1371 of the Hui ethnic group and the Muslim faith in modern-day Yunnan Province, one of the last possessions of the Mongols of the Yuan Dynasty before being conquered by the Ming Dynasty.
		The name Zheng He was given by the Yongle emperor for the war merit in the Yongle rebellion aganst the Jianwen Emperor.
		Tun Perpatih succeeded in impressing the Emperor of Ming with the fame and grandeur of Sultan Mansur Shah that the Emperor decreed that his daughter Hang Li Po should marry the Sultan.
	yawiki.org /proc/Cheng_Ho (3866 words)

	Biography of Zhu Quan
		When the Prince of Yan first raised his soldiers [against Jianwen] he had a discussion with all his generals, saying, 'Once in the past, when I was patrolling the border areas, I saw that all the soldiers of Da Ning looked eager and fierce.
		In the first year of Jianwen (1399) the court, deciding it was afraid of an alliance between the Zhu Quan and the Prince of Yan, sent someone to summon Zhu Quan [to Nanjing].
		Jianwen did not have the moral imperative to rule it, and his younger brother also could not attain it.
	www.silkqin.com /02qnpu/07sqmp/07mngshi.htm (1244 words)

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