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Topic: Emperor Shenzong of Song China

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	2. China, 1522-1796. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		China's population returned to 100 million probably in the early 15th century and soared to perhaps as high as 200 million a century later.
		China's major cities of Song and Yuan did not continue to grow, but middle-level market towns sprouted around the country.
		In addition, new crops from the Americas were introduced to China via the Philippines, effectively contributing to the capacity of agriculture to support a larger population.
	www.bartleby.com /67/851.html (1098 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Puji Temple
		In 1080, during the Song Dynasty (960-1279), the Emperor Shenzong of Song China renamed the temple 宝陀观音寺 (pinyin bao tuo guanyin si).
		In 1299, the abbot of the temple (一山一宁; yi shan yi ning) was appointed the director of Buddhist teaching for the region (江浙释教总统; jiangzhe shijiao zongtong) and was sent as an emissary to Japan by the emperor.
		In 1327, Emperor Taiding presented the temple with 1000 metal bars and 2 qing 26 mu of land.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Puji-Temple (837 words)

	Emperor Shenzong of Song - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Emperor Shenzong (May 25, 1048 – April 1, 1085) was the sixth emperor of Song Dynasty China.
		Shenzong's other notable act as emperor included his attempts to rid the Song empire of the Tangut Empire by invading and expelling the Xixia forces in Qingzhou (today's Gansu).
		Shenzong was initially quite successful at these campaigns but during the City of Yongle battle of 1082, Shenzong's forces were defeated.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emperor_Shenzong_of_Song_China (273 words)

	Emperor Shenzong of Song Information
		Emperor Shenzong (May 25, 1048 – April 1, 1085) was the sixth emperor of Song Dynasty China.
		Shenzong's other notable act as emperor included his attempts to rid the Song empire the Tangut Empire by invading and expelling the Xixia forces in Qingzhou (today's Gansu).
		Shenzong was initially quite successful at these campaigns but during the City of Yongle battle of 1082, Shenzong's forces were defeated.
	www.bookrags.com /Emperor_Shenzong (240 words)

	China: Chinese history: Ming-Dynasty
		China’s security continued be the main priority in the following years by his successors by way of a consequential politics of expansion.
		The new emperor was deeply driven by mistrust against the educated officials, which can presumably be explained by inferiority complexes, since he was clearly inferior to his court officials at least with regards to literary education.
		The fact that the emperor of the Ming was not able to prevent this from happening, does clarify the powerlessness of the declining dynasty at that time all the more.
	www.chinaorbit.com /china-culture/chinese-history/ming-dynasty-china.html (1186 words)

	Chinese History - Song Dynasty å® event history (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Emperor Song Taizong for his part tried to gain peace at the northeastern border by bestowing Li Jiqian with some nominal military commands and granting him the imperial surname Zhao è¶ (as the Tang emperors had granted his family the imperial surname Li æ), but the ruler of the Xia empire refused.
		Emperor Jin Xuanzong é‘å®£å®— resumed war campaigns against the Song in the south, the first reason being a punishment for the delay of the annual tributes, the second reason was a territorial compensation for the losses to the Mongols.
		The court of Emperor Lizong å®çå®— was dominated by consort clans (Yan é—», Jia è³) and the eunuchs Dong Songchen è‘£å®è£ and Lu Yunsheng ç§åæ.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Song/song-event.html (8681 words)

	AnywhereChina.com - History Page - Song Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Because of the barbarian occupation of northern China the second half of the Song rule was confined to the area south of the Huai River.
		Unable to recover these lands, the Song emperors were compelled to make peace with the Khitans in 1004 and with the Western Xia in 1044.
		The Song period was noted for landscape painting, which in time came to be considered the highest form of classical art.
	www.anywherechina.com /history/dynasties/song/song.htm (1158 words)

	Emperor Huizong (Song Dynasty) Summary
		Emperor Huizong (November 2, 1082 – June 4, 1135) was the eighth and one of the most famous emperors of the Song Dynasty of China, with a personal life spent amidst luxury, sophistication and art but ending in tragedy.
		Not content with the annexation of the Liao kingdom, and measuring rightly the weakness of the Song empire, the Jin soon declared war on their former ally, and by the beginning of 1126 they crossed the Yellow River and came in sight of Kaifeng, the capital of the Song empire.
		Huizong, his son Emperor Qinzong, as well as the entire imperial court and harem were captured by the Jin in the Jingkang Incident.
	www.bookrags.com /Emperor_Huizong_(Song_Dynasty) (1138 words)

	China - MSN Encarta
		The new emperor, known as Yangdi or Emperor Yang, launched several ambitious projects, including construction of the section of the Grand Canal from the city of Yangzhou on the Yangtze River to Luoyang, near the Huang He.
		In 845 the Tang emperor began a full-scale persecution of the Buddhist establishment.
		Zhao, who ruled as Emperor Taizu, established his capital in the north at Kaifeng, and thus the first period of the Song Dynasty is known as the Northern Song.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761573055_18/China.html (2311 words)

	Northern Song Dynasty
		With the exception of Zhejiang, Shanxi, Nanzhao and the area ruled by the Khitan, the country had come under Song control and the activities of the warlords had been brought to an end.
		Emperor Taizu was succeeded by his brother, Emperor Taizong, who brought Zhejiang and Shanxi back to China.
		The reform period lasted until the death of Emperor Shenzong in 1086.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22804.htm (373 words)

	MapDig - 11th century
		In Song China and the Islamic world, this century marked the high point for both classical Chinese civilization, science, and technology and medieval Islamic science, technology, and literature.
		In China, there was a triangular affair of continued war and peace settlements between the Song Dynasty Chinese, the Tanguts of the Western Xia in the northwest, and the Khitans of the Liao Dynasty in the northeast.
		Ferdinand I of León, Emperor of All Hispania
	www.mapdig.com /?title=11th_century (4468 words)

	CHINA
		Emperors turned to palace eunuchs (castrated men who served as palace servants) for help in ousting the maternal relatives, only to find that the eunuchs were just as difficult to control.
		China also had critics of Buddhism, who labeled it immoral, unsuited to China, or a threat to the state because monastery land was not taxed.
		From the Song period to the early 20th century, men in China who aspired to hold office or be part of the educated elite pursued years of intensive Confucian study and formed close, often lifelong relationships with their teachers.
	www.webear.com /chinaengl.html (18522 words)

	Acidophilus notes \| 04:05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Before the arrival of the Jurchens the Song Dynasty was for centuries engaged in a stand-off against the Western Xia and the Khitan Liao Dynasty.
		The reason was that Qinzong, the last emperor of the Northern Song was living in Jin-imposed exile in Manchuria and had a good chance of being recalled to the throne should the Jin Dynasty be destroyed.
		Emperor Wányán Liàng failed in taking the Song and was assassinated by his own generals in December of 1161.
	www.acidophiluseffects.com /notes/?title=Song_Dynasty (2114 words)

	China History Forum, chinese history forum > Who do you consider the worst Ming emperor?
		ShenZong (WanLi) was oft cited as the cause of the irredeemable decline of the Ming, and that might well be true.
		Liu Song has many deposed emperors for such a short time in power, it and the southern dynasties that followed are a good place to look for palace intrigues, conspiracies, plots and counter plots, and all that juicy stuff, making North-South Dynasties one of my favorite era.
		Although the emperor degenerated as his reign wore on and he fought battle after battle with his intransigent and corrupt bureaucracy, in his early years he responded vigorously to two rebellions and the Japanese invasion of Korea.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t3792.html (3173 words)

	Travel To China - Puji Temple
		In 1080, during the Song Dynasty (960-1279), the Emperor Shenzong of Song China renamed the temple ?????
		In the winter of 1313, Emperor Ren Zong's mother sent an envoy to present the temple with 868 metal bars and three qing of land, and to make offerings.
		In 1327, Emperor Jin Zong presented the temple with 1000 metal bars and 2 qing 26 mu of land.
	www.goingtochina.com /attractions/Puji_Temple.htm (601 words)

	Song Sung Dynasty
		The division was caused by the forced abandonment of north China in 1127 by the Song court, which could not push back the nomadic invaders.
		The founders of the Song dynasty built an effective centralized bureaucracy staffed with civilian scholar-officials.
		The Song dynasty is notable for the development of cities not only for administrative purposes but also as centers of trade, industry, and maritime commerce.
	www.asianartmall.com /dsong.htm (196 words)

	Chinese History -Western Xia Dynasty (Xixia) è¥¿å¤ event history (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		After the foundation of the Song Dynasty å®, the Song emperors were able to control the successing weak rulers of the Tanguts and even took them as hosts to the capital in Bianliang æ±´æ¢ (modern Kaifeng é—å°/Henan).
		Instead of intruding Song territory, he conquered land in the west, defeated the Tubo army and the Qaghan (Khan; Chinese: Kehan å¯æ±—) of the Turkish Oghuz federation (Chinese: Huihu åé¶», not Huigu!).
		To enhance the power of the imperial family and the central government, the emperor had to rely on a Chinese-patterned administration and bureaucracy, and on the other side, he had to gain the support of the mighty Tangut clans by supporting Tangut customs and habits.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Song/xixia-event.html (1154 words)

	Ethics of China 7 BC To 1279 by Sanderson Beck
		He forced the Eastern Qin emperor to abdicate and founded the Liu Song dynasty at Jiankang in 420; but it was overthrown in 479 by a general named Xiao Daocheng, who proclaimed the Qi dynasty.
		As the Sui empire was disintegrating, Yang Di fled to southern China, where he was assassinated in his bath by a descendant of the Yuwen family and the son of his general Yuwen Shu in 618.
		Bei was drawn to Chinese culture and in 934 urged the Khitans to invade northern China.
	www.san.beck.org /AB3-China.html (20851 words)

	China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Revered in China during his lifetime in a way not easy for non-Chinese to understand, he was enormously influential around the world as well.
		It is essentially a corridor running from the upper Yellow River in the east, along the verge between the Tibetan plateau on the one hand and the Gobi desert on the other, to the edge of the Xinjiang wastes in the west.
		It formed with the encouragement of China, which needed a buffer zone between itself and the then-aggressive Tibetans, but Nan Chao soon became expansionist in it's own right, and proved to be a considerable threat to China at times.
	www.hostkingdom.net /china.html (2189 words)

	Northern Song Dynasty, China Song Dynasty, Chinese History, China Dynasties
		In 959, following the death of Emperor Shizong who had been a wise monarch, a seven year old child succeeded to the throne as Emperor Gong.
		From then on the Song Dynasty sought to defend its borders against invasion and unlike the Tang never ruled a universal empire.
		In the following year the Northern Song Emperor was deposed and along with his son was taken off to Manchuria.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/song.htm (509 words)

	Northern Song dynasty - History of China
		In addition to the Khitans in the northeast, the Song dynasty was never able to recover land in the northwest that had been part of the Tang dynasty.
		During the Song, civil service examinations became the primary means of recruiting officials, and the practice of appointing officials who had not taken the examinations died out.
		Under the rule of Emperor Huizong, a fine painter, the Chinese greatly underestimated the strength of the Jurchen armies.
	www.melanconent.com /lib/knowl/history/china/song/north.html (1520 words)

	Puji Temple of Mount Putuo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Puji Temple is a Buddhist temple located on the island of Putuoshan in Zhejiang province, China.
		The monks were given over 4000 mu (2.7 km²) of land, and 20 min of government funds.
		In 1386, during the Ming Dynasty, Duke Tang (汤和; Tang He) was asked to come to the mainland to advise the Emperor.
	www.chinaonline.cn.com /china_travel/temples-towers/puji-temple.html (593 words)

	Portraits of Emperors
		Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties
		Kangxi was the 4-th emperor of the Qing Dynasty.
		On the marble top of the table there are paper, ink, brush and inkstone, the "Four Treasures of the Study"; they are the tools of the painter and calligrapher.
	www.chinapage.com /emperor.html (241 words)

	New Page 1
		In 1126, the dynasty had to move its capital from Kaifeng in northern China to Hangzhou in southern China because the Chinese north fell to the Tartar invaders, some of them ancestors to the latter day Manchus, who eventually established their rule in China and the last Chinese imperial dynasty, the Manchu Dynasty (1644-1911).
		Viewed against this context, the Song scholars' struggles against the Buddhists and Daoists to rescue Confucian learning from metaphysics could be seen as an attempt to preserve Chinese "cultural integrity" in the face of foreign invaders.
		Since by the Song Dynasty, a sizable percentage of government officials were selected from the Confucian scholars via the imperial examination system, the suggestions of reform were proposed by Confucian scholar/officials.
	www.iun.edu /~hisdcl/h425/songconfucian.htm (1961 words)

	Song Huizong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Song emperor Huizong was è¶ä½¶ Zhao Ji (1082 - 1135), the 11th son of ç¥å®— Shenzong (r.
		Shenzong was succeeded by his sixth son è¶ç¦ Zhao Xu (1076 - 1101; reigned as å“²å®— Zhezong, 1083 - 1101).
		Perhaps in part because of his passion for the arts he was unable to keep the é‘ Jin from conquering northern China.
	www.silkqin.com /09hist/qinshixu/huizong.htm (476 words)

	Guo Xi,Traditional Chinese Art at Art Realization China
		Guo Xi Born in Wen county in present day Henan province, Guo Xi is not only one of the greatest landscape artists in Chinese tradition but also one of the most influential art theorists.
		However, after the sudden halt of these far reaching reforms as a result of the death of the emperor, Guo Xi’s art had to give way to other works, clearly showing how slim the borders between art and politics were in traditional China.
		He summed this up in a short and influential sentence: ”An artist should identify himself with the landscape and watch it until its significance is revealed to him." In a way Guo Xi is referring to the artist's ability to see beyond material phenomena.
	www.artrealization.com /traditional_chinese_art/landscape_painting/northern_song/guo_xi.htm (567 words)

	Buddhism / list of buddhist temples / puji temple
		Puji Temple (Chinese: 普济禅寺; Hanyu Pinyin: Pǔjì Chánsì; literally "Zen Temple of Universal Salvation") is a Buddhist temple located on the island of Putuoshan in Zhejiang province, China.
		In 1298 by order of Emperor Chengzong of the Yuan Dynasty, 李英 (li ying) repaired the temple, completing in 1301.
		The monks were given over 4000 mu (2.7 km²) of land, and 20 min of government funds.
	www.buddhism-guide.com /buddhism/puji_temple.htm (657 words)

	Song Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Song rulers reestablished a centralized bureaucracy for their nation.
		Taizu 960-76, commander of the palace army becomes the first emperor of the Song.
		#35 "Wang Anshi, Sima Guang, and Emperor Shenzong
	worldclass.net /China/song.htm (567 words)

	Free Essays - Guo Xi: Wenren Painter
		Guo Xi is an important figure when comparing the scholars of the Song that use the mountain motif.
		Guo Xi’s exceptional ability to relate emotional mountain scenes to the ideals of Neo-Confucianism and represent the Emperor Shenzong adequately is amazing.
		As “Poetry and Painting in Song China” states, the general appearance of the mountain is of “a great lord glorious on his throne and a hundred princes hastening to pay him court, without any effect of arrogance or withdrawal”.
	www.freeessays.tv /b3070.htm (343 words)

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