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	Emperor of Japan Encyclopedia Article @ Dishonour.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Cloistered emperors have been known to come into conflict with the reigning emperor from time to time; a notable example is the Hōgen Rebellion of 1156, in which former Emperor Sutoku attempted to seize power from the then current Emperor Go-Shirakawa, both of whom were supported by different clans of samurai.
		Although the emperor currently performs many of the roles of a ceremonial sovereign as head of state, there has been persistent controversy within Japan as to whether the emperor is in fact a true monarch in a political sense or merely a hereditary pretender holding such office within a constitutional parliamentary republic.
		Hence the emperor is simply a political actor within a government that does not truly adhere to the Westminster system where the position of "head of the state" requires a person of sovereignty or with popular mandate to assume that office.
	www.dishonour.net /encyclopedia/Emperor_of_Japan (4298 words)

	Hogen Rebellion
		After the death of the cloistered emperor Toba, the emperor Go-Shirakawa and the retired emperor Sutoku and disputed over succession to the throne and continuation of the cloistered government.
		The forces of Go-Shirakawa defeated the retired emperor Sutoku making the way for emperor Nijo to be appointed to the throne and Go-Shirakawa becoming the new cloistered emperor in 1158.
		Sutoku was banished to Sanuki[?] province of Shikoku, Fujiwara no Yorinaga was killed in battle, and Minamoto no Tameyoshi and Taira no Tadamasa were executed.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ho/Hogen_Rebellion.html (319 words)

	Emperor of Japan - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The role of the Emperor of Japan has alternated between that of a supreme-rank cleric with largely symbolic powers and that of an actual imperial ruler from the dawn of history until the mid-twentieth century.
		Cloistered Emperors have been known to come into conflict with their offical counterparts from time to time; a notable example is the Hogen Rebellion of 1156, in which the former Emperor Sutoku attempted to seize power from the current Emperor Go-Shirakawa.
		Although the Emperor performs many of the roles of a head of state, there has been a persistent controversy within Japan as to whether the Emperor is in fact head of state or merely someone who acts as one, as a political servant of a republican state.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Tenno (2191 words)

	Emperor of Japan - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Cloistered emperors have been known to come into conflict with the reigning emperor from time to time; a notable example is the Hogen Rebellion of 1156, in which former Emperor Sutoku attempted to seize power from the then current Emperor Go-Shirakawa.
		"emperor of emperors") is used primarily to describe a Chinese emperor or a foreign emperor, and teiō (帝王, lit.
		Emperor Kōkaku (reigned 1780-1817), the lineal ancestor of all subsequent emperors, was a scion of the Kan'in house.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Tenno (5270 words)

	1083-87. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Emperor Shirakawa (r.1072–86) continued to rule as a retired emperor after his abdication, and, after 1096, as a priestly retired emperor.
		Sutoku was exiled, and many of his supporters were executed, but this war brought no lasting peace.
		Goshirakawa, as retired emperor (1158–92), had some influence in the government, but in 1167 Kiyomori had himself appointed prime minister and gave important posts in the central and provincial governments to his clansmen.
	www.bartleby.com /67/387.html (610 words)

	Emperor Konoe - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Emperor Konoe (近衛天皇 Konoe Tennō) (June 16, 1139 – August 22, 1155) was the 76th imperial ruler of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
		His father, Emperor Toba, ruled as cloistered emperor during his reign.
		Emperor Konoe, Genealogy, Life, Eras of his reign, 1139 births, 1155 deaths and Japanese emperors.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Emperor_Konoe_of_Japan (119 words)

	Emperor Go-Shirakawa: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Emperor Go-Shirakawa (後白河天皇 Go-Shirakawa Tennō) (October 18, 1127 – April 26, 1192) was the 77th imperial ruler of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
		When his brother, Emperor Konoe, died in 1155, Go-Shirakawa became emperor with support of Toba and a powerful lord Fujiwara no Tadamichi, since they were against Retired Emperor Sutoku and did not want his son to be the next emperor.
		In 1158 he abdicated to his son Nijō and became cloisterd emperor, through the reigns of five emperors (Emperor Nijō, Emperor Rokujō, Emperor Takakura, Emperor Antoku, and Emperor Go-Toba) until his death in 1192.
	advantacell.com /wiki/Emperor_Go-Shirakawa (698 words)

	Tenno - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The current emperor is His Imperial Majesty the Emperor Akihito, who has been on the Chrysanthemum Throne since his father Emperor Showa (Hirohito) died in 1989.
		Cloistered emperors have been known to come into conflict with the reigning emperor from time to time; a notable example is the Hogen Rebellion of 1156, in which former Emperor Sutoku attempted to seize power from the then current Emperor Go-Shirakawa, both of whom were supported by different clans of samurai.
		Emperor Go-Saga even decreed an official alternation between heirs of his two sons, which system continued for a couple of centuries (leading finally to shogun-induced (or utilized) strife between these two branches, the "southern" and "northern" emperors).
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Tenno (4155 words)

	History and Government>
		At the top of the official hierarchy was the Tenno, or "Divine Emperor." The Emperor was both Confucian and Shinto; he ruled by virtue of the Mandate of Heaven and by legitimate descent from the Shinto Sun Goddess, Amaterasu.
		In that year, the retired emperor Toba forced his eldest son, the Emperor Sutoku, to abdicate in favor of a two-year old (borne by a favorite consort) to be known as Konoe.
		Sutoku was sent into exile to Sanuki Province, where he later died at the age of 64.
	www.angelfire.com /rpg/nippon/history.html (5971 words)

	Emperor Shirakawa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Emperor Shirakawa (白河天皇 Shirakawa Tennō) (July 7, 1053 – July 24, 1129) was the 72nd imperial ruler of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
		He was the first emperor to ostensibly retire to a monastery, but in fact continue to exert considerable influence over his successor.
		Note: there's also a theory that Shirakawa was the actual father of Emperor Sutoku, officially the son of Emperor Toba, Shirakawa's grandson.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Emperor_Shirakawa (487 words)

	Other Imperial Family Members Involved in Court Politics
		The son of Toba and Taikenmon'in, Sutoku was
		So Sutoku's son was passed over, increasing the enmity between Sutoku and the rest of the imperial household.
		Sutoku's side lost the ensuing battle, and he was eventually exiled.
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /Courses/asian490/tml5/Bios/minor.htm (1195 words)

	Seto Great Bridge and Central Kagawa
		Emperor Sutoku ascended the throne at the age of 5 as the only son of Emperor Toba when he chose to abdicate.
		Sutoku himself was taken into custody and was banished to Sanuki in the summer of 1156.
		Sutoku, casting the scrolls into the Inland Sea, took a desperate oath that on his death he might become a demon to throw all the Emperor's territory into disorder.
	www.waoe.org /steve/kagawa/bridge.html (6477 words)

	The Age of the Samurai - Gempei Wars 1180-1185 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Heike had taken to the nearby island of Hikoshima the eight-year-old Emperor Antoku and the imperial regalia (the sword, the jewel and the mirror), which proved that he was the rightful emperor.
		Meanwhile the young emperor was accompanied by his grandmother who was determined that he was not to be taken alive, nor the imperial regalia to fall into enemy hands.
		She held the boy in her arms and said, 'In the depths of the ocean we have a capital', before she and the child emperor sank beneath the waves.
	www.taots.co.uk /content/view/36/30 (1711 words)

	Trying to kill a nine-tailed fox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Emperor Toba was a central figure in the unstable politics of the court in the 12th century.
		Retired Emperor Toba became engaged in a dispute with his oldest son Emperor Sutoku over who was to be the next emperor.
		This dispute led to a rebellion in 1156 that foreshadowed the Heike and Minamoto civil war of the 1180s that was to bring the Heian period to an end.
	eee.uci.edu /clients/sbklein/GHOSTS/html/foxes/pages/foxwall.html (193 words)

	Sinister Designs: Yoshitoshi Tsukioka
		Emperor Chuai opposed the invasion of Korea, and his death was pretty convenient.
		Sutoku lost the war in 1158, and was exiled.
		Go-Daigo, who as Emperor was unused to walking more than a couple of steps at a time, was forced to flee during a thunderstorm in bare feet, disguised in a peasant's rain gear.
	www.sinister-designs.com /graphicarts/history.html (689 words)

	Emperor of Japan Encyclopedia Article @ Reigned.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Instead, past emperors are called by posthumous names such as Emperor Jimmu, Emperor Kammu and Meiji.
		Several emperors abdicated/reached their entitled retirement while still in their teens.
		Reigned.net is designed and maintained by Kurt Karr and is hosted by pair Networks.
	www.reigned.net /encyclopedia/Emperor_of_Japan (4300 words)

	The Samurai: A Brief History
		His successor, the Emperor Kobun, was usurped in a civil war that saw the rise of the Emperor Temmu (Hakuho) in 673.
		The emperor ordered a retaliatory expedition organized but this did not actually depart until 794 owing to logistical difficulties and the movement of the capital to Kyoto.
		In that year, the retired emperor Toba forced his eldest son, the Emperor Sutoku (r.1123-1441), to abdicate in favor of a two-year old (borne by a favorite consort) to be known as Konoe.
	members.tripod.com /epathy/id217.htm (13047 words)

	Minamoto no Yoritomo - encyclopedia article about Minamoto no Yoritomo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The cloistered Emperor Toba and his son Emperor Go-Shirakawa sided with the son of Fujiwara regent Fujiwara no Tadazane, Fujiwara no Tadamichi as well as Taira no Kiyomori (a member of the Taira clan), while Cloistered Emperor Sutoku sided with Tadazane's younger son, Fujiwara no Yorinaga.
		In 1180, Prince Mochihito, a son of Cloistered Emperor Go-Shirakawa, humiliated by the Taira because of the Taira-backed accession of the throne of his nephew, Emperor Antoku (who was half Taira himself) made a national call to arms of the Minamoto clan all over Japan to rebel against the Taira.
		Yoritomo was defeated at Ishibashiyama in his first major battle, but in the end he triumphed over his rival cousins, who sought to steal from him control of the clan, and over the Taira, who suffered a terrible defeat at the Battle of Dan-no-ura in 1185.
	www.dr-science.org /wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoritomo (986 words)

	Sekke - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia
		In Japan, the Sessho (??) was a title given to a regent who was named to assist an emperor when the emperor was still a child, before the coming of age, or female.
		Kanpaku) was theoretically a sort of chief advisor for the emperor, but was the title of a regent who assists an adult emperor.
		Kojiki reported that Emperor Ojin was assisted by his mother the empress consort Jingu, but it is doubtful if it is a historical fact.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Sekke (791 words)

	Minamoto no Yoritomo
		On one side were Retired Emperor Toba and his son Emperor Go-Shirakawa, supported by Fujiwara no Tadamichi and Taira no Kiyomori, on the other was Retired Emperor Sutoku, supported by Fujiwara no Yorinaga.
		In 1158 at the age of 12 Yoritomo was given his first Imperial Court title, on the basis of his Imperial blood (the Seiwa Genji could trace their lineage to Emperor Seiwa, 858-876 AD) and his mother’s family political maneuvering.
		Once secure in the Emperor’s favor Yoritomo dispatches his best generals, his half brothers Minamoto no Noriyori and Minamoto no Yoshitune, who had rejoined their brother at an unknown date.
	www.samurai-archives.com /mny.html (1836 words)

	Notes for Tale of Heike, Chapter 1
		His support of Go-Shirakawa against Sutoku helped cause the Hogen Disturbance (Taira-no-Kiyomori, Minamoto-no-Yoshitomo and others attack the palace of retired emperor Sutoku, it is the beginning of the end of the dominance of the Fujiwara and the emergence of the warrior class on the political scene).
		Emperor Nijo abdicates the throne (1165) to his exceptionally young eldest son (Emperor Rokujo), who is two.
		<51> "Angered because the Retired Emperor was slow to act in the matter,"---This is a continuation of the digression begun a paragraph earlier, not a return to the current situation.
	www.sonic.net /~tabine/Heike/Heikechpt01.html (2751 words)

	A Chronology of Japanese History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The emperor issues an edict mandating that all imperial princes and sons of aristocratic clans aspiring to government appointment first receive a Confucian education at the State College.
		Yōzei is forced by the regent to abdicate at the age of seventeen.
		Meanwhile, the Taira abandon Yashima (with the Emperor in tow) by sea.
	www.shikokuhenrotrail.com /japanhistory/heianhistory.html (3042 words)

	Ugetsu Monogatari (1776) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Set in the late 12th century, after the death of the exiled Emperor Sutoku but before the death of Kiyomori and the fall of the Taira, the tale is about the wandering priest and poet Saigyo meeting the vengeful spirit of Sutoku at the latter's tomb at Shiramine.
		A brief philosophical/religious argument ensues, in which Saigyo fails to convince the Emperor that his behavior does not fit a sovereign who is supposed to care little for personal gain but much for the good of his country.
		Set some time after the outbreak of the Onin War in late 15th century, this tale is about honor, filial faith, and loyalty.
	www.gotterdammerung.org /books/reviews/u/ugetsu-monogatari.html (1776 words)

	sociology - 1123
		End of the reign of Emperor Toba of Japan.
		Emperor Sutoku ascends to the throne of Japan
		August - Wanyan Aguda, first emperor of the Jurchen Jin Dynasty.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/1123 (113 words)

	Heian Era: 794-1192
		During the early Heian period (794-897) the Emperors were strong and relationships continued with China.
		The power of the emperors declined over time and one family of courtiers, the Fujiwara, ended up dominating the affairs of the state.
		Communications with China was suspended in 894 and the time from 897 on is referred to as the late Heian, or Fujiwara, period.
	www.bookmice.net /darkchilde/japan/jh3.html (1040 words)

	Japan, Inc. - The Emperor System and Japan's Royal Family (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Chrysanthemum (left), the Japanese Emperor's symbol of divine authority was frequently seen embossed on military hardware until 1945.
		Japanese Emperors: B.C. Japan's royalty traces its descendancy from Jimmu, circa 660 B.C. The list shows Japan's ruling Emperors and eight ruling Empresses from Jimmu 660 B.C. to Akihito 1996 A.D. Heisei Tenno, Japan's Emperor Akihito, calls his reign Heisei, meaning "the achievement of complete peace on earth and in the heavens".
		In the case of the present Emperor Akihito and his predecessor, Hirohito, the names of their reigns is given.
	vikingphoenix.com /public/JapanIncorporated/postwar/japemps.htm (828 words)

	Allscifi.com Book Review
		Princess Harueme was the half-sister of the deceased Emperor Shirakawa; aunt to also dead Emperor Horikawa; and great-grandaunt to Emperor Sutoku.
		These connections enabled Harueme to live a luxurious life at the emperor's court for the past fifty years.
		Now she recognizes that not only is she old, but she is dying in spite her great grandnephew's efforts to provide the best medical care available.
	www.allscifi.com /BookRView.asp?BRID=55482 (276 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Samurai Period Begins The Emperor GO-TOBA 1183-1198 KAMAKURA SHOGUNATE The Emperor TSUCHIMIKADO 1198-1210 _ _ MINAMOTO YORITOMO 1192 The Emperor JUNTOKU 1210-1221
		FUJIWARA YORITSUGU 1244 The Emperor GO-FUKAKUSA 1246-1249 HOJO Imperial Princes The Emperor KAMEYAMA 1259-1274 Regency MUNETAKA-SHINNO 1252 The Emperor GO-UDA 1274-1287
		MORINAGA-SHINNO 1333 The Emperor HANAZONO 1308-1318 __ NARINAGA-SHINNO 1334 NAMBOKUCHO Period ASHIKAGA SHOGUNATE Southern Dynasty Northern Dynasty TAKAUJI 1338 GO-DAIGO-TENNO
	www.reninet.com /shoshin/SOVERNS.htm (204 words)

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