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Topic: Emperor Taizu of Song China

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	Song Dynasty - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Emperor Taizu and his brother, who succeeded him as Emperor Taizong (T'ai-tsung) in 976, conquered the rest of the north and the several kingdoms in the south, unifying the empire in 978.
		After unifying north and south, Emperor Taizong turned to the northeastern border (in the area of what is now Beijing) and tried to recover 16 prefectures with a mainly native-Chinese population from the Khitans, a tribal confederation that had established the Liao dynasty in 907.
		The Song army was defeated, and in 1004 it signed a peace treaty with the Liao in which it agreed to make an annual payment of 100,000 ounces of silver and 200,000 bolts of silk.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761551755___3/Song_Dynasty.html (570 words)

	Emperor Taizu of Song (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Emperor Taizu (March 21, 927 - November 14, 976, Chinese 太祖), born Zhao Kuangyin (Chinese 趙匡胤), was the founder of the Song Dynasty of China, reigning from 960 to 976.
		In 960, Song Taizu reunited China after years of fragmentation and rebellion after the fall of the Tang dynasty in 907 and established the Song dynasty.
		In China's folk memory Song Taizong is said to have murdered his brother and invented his mother's advice as justification.
	www.qq818.info /en/Emperor_Taizu.htm (473 words)

	Chinese History - Song Dynasty å® event history (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Emperor Song Taizong for his part tried to gain peace at the northeastern border by bestowing Li Jiqian with some nominal military commands and granting him the imperial surname Zhao è¶ (as the Tang emperors had granted his family the imperial surname Li æ), but the ruler of the Xia empire refused.
		Emperor Jin Xuanzong é‘å®£å®— resumed war campaigns against the Song in the south, the first reason being a punishment for the delay of the annual tributes, the second reason was a territorial compensation for the losses to the Mongols.
		The court of Emperor Lizong å®çå®— was dominated by consort clans (Yan é—», Jia è³) and the eunuchs Dong Songchen è‘£å®è£ and Lu Yunsheng ç§åæ.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Song/song-event.html (8681 words)

	Song Dynasty - MSN Encarta
		The Song also benefited from a highly developed iron and coal industry and the invention of gunpowder, which was used for bombs and explosive projectiles.
		The commercial success of the Song dynasty was most evident in the prosperity of its several great cities, each of which had close to one million inhabitants.
		The writings of some of the most famous Song cultural figures, such as the renowned historian Ouyang Xiu (Ou-yang Hsiu) and the poet Su Dongpo (Su Tung-p'o, pen name of Su Shi, or Su Shih), were prime examples of the clear and simple literary style favored in the examinations.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761551755/Song_Dynasty.html (1638 words)

	AnywhereChina.com - History Page - Song Dynasty
		Because of the barbarian occupation of northern China the second half of the Song rule was confined to the area south of the Huai River.
		While the Song ruling class and the imperial court indulged themselves in art and luxurious living in the urban centers, the latest nomad empire arose in the north.
		The Song period was noted for landscape painting, which in time came to be considered the highest form of classical art.
	www.anywherechina.com /history/dynasties/song/song.htm (1158 words)

	Emperor Taizong of Song (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Emperor Taizong (November 20, 939 - May 8, 997), born Zhao Kuangyi, was the second emperor of the Song Dynasty of China from 976 to 997.
		He was the younger brother of Emperor Taizu (both born of the same mother).
		Song Taizong's accession to the throne have been shrouded in mystery, with claims that he murdered his elder brother, the Emperor Taizu and seized the throne.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Zhao_kuangyi.htm (287 words)

	history5
		Two years later, Yel¨¹ Abaoji, who was known as Emperor Taizu (the first emperor) of the Liao, set up his capital north of the Xar Moron River and named it Huangdu (imperial capital; later called Shangjing).
		The Northern Song's territories extended to the eastern and southern coastlines.
		The Song fled to Lin'an, abandoning the Huai River valley and the Yangtze River.
	acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu /~hzhuo/song.html (1199 words)

	Facts About China
		The claim that China is the world’s oldest continuously surviving civilization is an important part of patriotic education in China.
		His full posthumous title is "Taizu qi yun li ji yingwu ruiwen shende shenggong zhiming daxiao huangdi." A rough translation of this title would be "grand progenitor, the emperor who opened up the fortune [of the dynasty] and established the utmost [i.e.
		The reason is that in pre-modern China, it was considered extremely disrespectful to speak—or even write—the given name of the reigning emperor or the given names of all previous emperors of the dynasty under which one lived.
	www.hwwilson.com /print/factschina_intro.htm (5481 words)

	CHINA
		Emperors turned to palace eunuchs (castrated men who served as palace servants) for help in ousting the maternal relatives, only to find that the eunuchs were just as difficult to control.
		China also had critics of Buddhism, who labeled it immoral, unsuited to China, or a threat to the state because monastery land was not taxed.
		From the Song period to the early 20th century, men in China who aspired to hold office or be part of the educated elite pursued years of intensive Confucian study and formed close, often lifelong relationships with their teachers.
	www.webear.com /chinaengl.html (18522 words)

	Song Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Emperor Zhenzong dispatched a minister (Zhang Qixian) to Jing-Yuan areas as jinglüe shi, and Zhang proposed that the city of Lingwu on the west Yellow River Bend be abandoned.
		Song Emperor Zhenzong sent a messenger to Li Deming for sake of pacifying him, and Li Deming dispatched general Wang Shen to Song for seeking suzerainty.
		Song Court was frequently on the run, from one island to another, along the coast, and on May 8th of AD 1278, the new Song Emperor died of illness within two years of enthronement.
	www.republicanchina.org /song.html (8570 words)

	5. The Song Dynasty - All Empires
		In 960, General Zhao Kuangyin, serving in the army of the Later Zhou Dynasty, was elected emperor by his disgruntled soldiers.
		Sung Taizu built a centralized and efficient civilian bureaucracy, which curtailed the power of the military that had led in part to the fall of the Tang.
		China began to grow strong again, and the population increased and the economy recovered.
	www.allempires.com /article/index.php?q=The_Song_Dynasty (1226 words)

	Northern Song (Sung) Dynasty: Ancient China Dynasties
		His first task was to ensure that there would be no further military coups and he did this by establishing a professional army loyal to the dynasty with its military commanders under the strict control of the central government.
		Taizu was succeeded by his brother, Taizong who brought Zhejiang and Shanxi back into the fold.
		In the following year the Northern Song Emperor was deposed and along with his son was taken off to Manchuria.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/song.htm (502 words)

	976 - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Babenberg family was to rule Austria until 1246.
		January 10 - John I, Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire.
		November 14 - Emperor Taizu of Song China
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/976 (114 words)

	Portraits of Emperors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties
		Kangxi was the 4-th emperor of the Qing Dynasty.
		The portrait shows the young emperor Kangxi, sitting at his writing table and holding a thick writing brush.
	www.chinapage.com /emperor.html (250 words)

	Sung T'ai-tsu Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Sung T'ai-tsu (927-976) was a Chinese emperor and the founder of the Sung dynasty, one of the great Chinese dynasties and a major period of transition in Chinese history.
		Economically, China became increasingly urbanized, trade prospered, and the population grew rapidly, especially after the introduction in 1012 of a strain of early-ripening rice, which made possible two or three rice crops in a year.
		It is a historical irony that the dynasty which established as the ruling elite of China a class of thoroughly educated, profoundly conservative, and austerely moralistic scholar-officials, a group typically hostile toward military men and their values, was established by a slightly educated army officer named Chao K'uang-yin, known to history as Sung T'ai-tsu.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/sung-tai-tsu (1510 words)

	Ethics of China 7 BC To 1279 by Sanderson Beck
		He forced the Eastern Qin emperor to abdicate and founded the Liu Song dynasty at Jiankang in 420; but it was overthrown in 479 by a general named Xiao Daocheng, who proclaimed the Qi dynasty.
		As the Sui empire was disintegrating, Yang Di fled to southern China, where he was assassinated in his bath by a descendant of the Yuwen family and the son of his general Yuwen Shu in 618.
		Ren Dejing, a former Song military commander whose daughter was an empress dowager, led the effort that suppressed the rebellion.
	www.san.beck.org /AB3-China.html (20851 words)

	Song Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Song rulers reestablished a centralized bureaucracy for their nation.
		Taizu 960-76, commander of the palace army becomes the first emperor of the Song.
		Emperor Huizong cultivates the arts at the expense of everything else.
	worldclass.net /China/song.htm (567 words)

	History and Culture of Traditional China
		CHINA - A Country Study (at the library of Congress)
		The US Army Area Handbook publication "The History of China".
		History of China - A brief history, illustrated with maps from the University of Maryland.
	www.u3abbay.org.au /china/china.html (189 words)

	Portraits of Emperors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		] Emperor Kangxi of Qing [Ching] Dynasty (1662-1722)
		Kangxi was the third emperor of the Qing Dynasty.
		He ascended to the throne at the age of seven, and ruled for sixty years.
	www.aecasia.com /news/august2001/feature/Emperors.htm (232 words)

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