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	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		In 581, Emperor Wen commissioned a major attack on Chen, and while it was initially successful, Emperor Wen withdrew the attack in spring 582 after hearing that Emperor Xuan of Chen had died and believing it wrongful to attack a state whose emperor had just died.
		Emperor Jing's uncle Xiao Yan (è•å·—) the Prince of Anping and Xiao Huan (è•ç“) the Prince of Yixing instead believed that Cui was intending to attack the city, and they took the populace of the city and surrendered to the Chen general Chen Huiji (é³æ§ç´), the cousin to Chen's emperor Chen Shubao.
		Also in 597, Emperor Wen felt that the punishment for official misconduct was too light, and authorized that supervising officials would be permitted to batter their subordinates with large canes if they felt that the legally prescribed punishment was too light in comparison to the degree of misconduct.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Emperor_Wen_of_Sui_China (4543 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Emperor Yang of Sui (éç¬å¸, 569 - March 11, 618), personal name Yang Guang (æ¥å»£), alternative name Ying (è±), nickname Amo (é¿æ‘©), known as Emperor Ming (æå¸) during the brief reign of his grandson Yang Tong), was the second son of Emperor Wen of Sui, and the second emperor of China's Sui Dynasty.
		Emperor Yang tried to impose Murong Fuyun's son Murong Shun, whom Murong Fuyun had earlier sent to Sui as a hostage, as Tuyuhun's new khan, but the Tuyuhun people would not accept him, and Murong Shun was forced back to Sui territory.
		Emperor Yang only appeared to begin to be concerned about rebels when, at the lunar new year imperial gathering in 616, 20 odd commanderies' messengers did not arrive -- either because they had fallen into rebel hands, or because their messengers were intercepted or killed on the way.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Emperor_Yang_of_Sui_China (6029 words)

	The Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties
		Emperor Gaozong suffered a stroke in his eleventh year of rule, became enfeebled and a mere figurehead.
		He and his heir (who became the emperor Taizong) reunified that part of China not ruled by foreigners - subjugating one provincial kingdom after the other, their troops refraining from violence against local populations and giving amnesty to local military governors who fought him.
		Chronicle of the Chinese Emperors: the Reign by Reign Record of the Rulers of Imperial China, by Ann Paludan, Thames and Hudson, 1998.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h06chin.htm (2703 words)

	Sui Dynasty ( 隋朝 581 AD - 618 AD )
		In addition, Emperor Wen abolished the privilege of the noble families, and adopted the imperial examination system (科举制度) for the selection and appointment of civil servants instead, which later was to be used by successive Chinese dynasties for over 1300 years.
		Sui Dynasty was one of the short-lived Chinese dynasties, which lasted for only 38 years with two generations.
		The Sui dynasty's early demise was attributed to the government's tyrannical demands on the people, who bore the crushing burden of taxes and compulsory labor.
	www.chinadetail.com /History/DynastiesSui.php (449 words)

	About China-History-Sui Dynasty
		In addition, Emperor Wen abolished the privilege of the noble families which prevailed throughout the Jin (265 - 420) and the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
		The Sui Dynasty's early demise was attributed to the government's tyranny and ceaseless wars.
		Emperor Wen died unexpectedly in 604 and his second son Yangguang, historically known as Emperor Yang, succeeded to the throne.
	www.toureasy.net /html/aboutchina/ChineseHistory/Sui.htm (1046 words)

	Sui Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The initial steps of the rise of the Sui dynasty in the early 580s looked at first to be just another factional struggle of the sort that had occurred repeatedly in the splinter states fighting for control of China in the centuries after the fall of the Han.
		In 604, Emperor Wen died unexpectedly (suspected to be murdered) and Yang Guang became Yang Di.
		Wen Di went out of his way to win over the nomadic military commanders by reconfirming their titles and showing little inclination to favour the Confucian scholar-gentry class at their expense.
	xie.dyndns.org /~chineseeyes/sui.htm (2849 words)

	Sui Wen-ti Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		It must be noted that Sui achievements in political and economic institutions and administration did not come to an end when the dynasty fell in 618, but they were adopted and preserved by the T'ang dynasty (618-907), which followed and, in a very real sense, grew out of the Sui.
		Emperor Wen gave his most trusted and able minister the task of preparing the strategy for conquest of the South.
		An important part of the Sui plan was an extensive program of propaganda designed to undermine the Southerners' support of their government and prepare the people psychologically for assimilation into a united empire with its capital in the North.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/sui-wen-ti (1728 words)

	China tours, China travel, China tour, China travel package, Yangtze cruise, Tibet, Silk Road, China tour package
		The title of emperor was used for the first time in Chinese history to set the Qin ruler apart--as the ruler of the unified land--from the kings, the heads of the earlier, smaller states.
		Sui Wen Ti's premature death might have been caused by his ambitious son Yang Ti, whose grandiose projects and military campaigns ultimately led to the Sui's downfall.
		The emperor Hung-wu modeled his government on the Tang system, restoring the doctrine and practices of Confucianism and continuing the trend toward concentration of power in the imperial government, especially in the hands of the emperor himself.
	www.chinaspree.com /china-tour-history.htm (13166 words)

	Ancient China: The Sui, 589-618
		The Sui, 589-618 AD The chaos of the Three Kingdoms finally came to an end under the hand of Sui Wen-ti, a general of mixed blood.
		Sui Wen-ti employed a cadre of Buddhist advisors in his program to unify the country, and Buddhism would become the government philosophy until the founding the Sung dynasty several centuries later.
		Sui-Wen-ti's son, Sui Yang-ti, who rose to be emperor on the death of his father, soon overextended himself, meddling first in the politics of the northern tribes and then leading military expeditions against Korea.
	www.wsu.edu:8000 /~dee/CHEMPIRE/SUI.HTM (713 words)

	tangsung.html
		The emperors in this period were easily overthrown since they came from the same aristocratic background as their officials and military commanders, so that there was not much cultural distance between them.
		In the new legal codes, all land was declared to be the property of the emperor, who distributed it in the "equal field system" — all able-bodied males got an equal allotment of land.
		A concubine of the strong Second Emperor, she so captivated his heir that she was retrieved from a nunnery after his death (concubines of late emperors were usually sent to nunneries) and was once again established at the palace.
	www.loyno.edu /~seduffy/tangsung.html (3368 words)

	Sui Dynasty, China Sui Dynasty History, Ancient Chinese Dynasties
		With a tyrannical second emperor - Emperor Yang, the Sui Dynasty was often compared to the Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 206 BC).
		Thus the Sui Dynasty was founded, with Chang'an (currently Xian) the capital and Luoyang the auxiliary capital.
		As a result, the regime of the Sui Dynasty became rather unstable and in 618, when Emperor Yang was strangled by one of his subordinates, it completely collapsed.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/sui (830 words)

	Flowers Will Bloom
		Emperor Wen introduced a number of economic reforms that attempted to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor.
		Buddhism was the most important religion in China when the Sui Dynasty came into existence, and Emperor Wen's generous support of Buddhism went a long way toward building a cultural connection to unify the peoples of the north and south.
		Almost concurrent with the birth of the Sui Dynasty, the Tujue (Turks) formed a vast nomadic nation comprised of a new and powerful tribal federation of Xianbei nomads that stretched from the Ural Mountains in western Russia across the Mongolian steppes north of China to the northern frontier of Koguryo.
	www.koreanhistoryproject.org /Ket/C03/E0301.htm (3447 words)

	china10K.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Emperor Wen undertook a series of measures to develop the economy, recover production and consolidate the unification.
		In the 20th year of Kaihuang (600), Emperor Wen deposed Heir-Prince Yang Yong and conferred that title upon his second son Yang Guang who plotted with Yuwen Shu and Yang Su and their clique to usurp the throne.
		From the reign of Emperor Wen to the early years of Emperor Yang, the social economy underwent rapid recovery and development.
	www.china10k.com /english/history/4/41/41.htm (948 words)

	sui dynasty
		A brilliant yet volatile leader, he was devoted to the Buddhist religion and to his wife, who made up for the Emperor’s shortcomings.
		He banned all weapons throughout the kingdom except those within the army, and using forced labor, he repaired the Great Wall, badly damaged by the warring of the previous period.
		Emperor Yang-ti took a small canal project begun by his father and turned it monumental - it was completed six years later and stretched from present-day Hangchow to present-day Beijing.
	www.ford.utexas.edu /museum/exhibits/China_exhibit/sui.htm (273 words)

	Sui Dynasty in Chinese History
		The Sui Dynasty (581-618) was founded by one of two emperors: Yang Chien, an official of the Northern Zhou, who and gave himself the title of Wen Ti, as the Son of Heaven.
		After his demise, Wen Ti's son Emperor Yang Kuang (Yang Ti) took the throne with the help of his mother who was able to garner support from the gentry and military generals.
		The polar opposite of his father, Emperor Yang Ti was portrayed as usurping the imperial power, and was criticized for the lavish spending, coercing and forcing his people to manual labor, and amount of money he spent and his cruelty to the people.
	www.dynastiesofasia.com /asian-history-references/sui-dynasty-period-in-chinese-history.htm (482 words)

	Chinese Cultural Studies: Concise Political History of China
		The title of emperor was used for the first time in Chinese history to set the Ch'in ruler apart--as the ruler of the unified land--from the kings, the heads of the earlier, smaller states.
		Sui Wen Ti's premature death might have been caused by his ambitious son Yang Ti, whose grandiose projects and military campaigns ultimately led to the Sui's downfall.
		The emperor Hung-wu modeled his government on the T'ang system, restoring the doctrine and practices of Confucianism and continuing the trend toward concentration of power in the imperial government, especially in the hands of the emperor himself.
	acc4.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu /~phalsall/texts/chinhist.html (16949 words)

	ancient and medieval coins of China - reference guide)
		At the establishment of Sui, the fiduciary coins of Northern Zhou and Ch'en were in use and the economy is recorded as having been in a poor state.
		Wen, showing an insight into basic economics, immediately re-introduced Wu shu on the traditional standard of 0.5 grams per shu but with a very identifiable straight-armed style on the character "WU", and unusual broad rims.
		After placing Ngai Tsung on the throne as a puppet emperor, Chou Wen was in control but in AD 907 he deposed Ngai Tsung, establishing himself as Emperor of his new Posterior Liang Dynasty and bringing the period of T'ang to a close.
	www.calgarycoin.com /reference/china/china4.htm (4808 words)

	China Report
		The event was that the current emperor, whose name was Yu, had a very incapable son from his principal wife, that he displaced in favor of one of his concubine's sons as heir to the throne.
		Shu's warlord was a distant relative of the emperors.
		The Sui dynasty was also Buddhist, but the middle of the Sui marked the end of the time of turmoil, which implies that religion did not have all that much impact in politics at that time.
	www.skyhighway.com /~jamesrpw/china.html (4252 words)

	Ana Sui
		Sui, Balochistan, a place in Pakistan which is the center of Pakistan's natural gas reserves.
		It saw various reforms by Emperors Wen and Yang: the land equalization system, initiated to reduce the rich-poor social gap, resulted in enhanced agricultural productivity; governmental power was centralized, and coinage was standardized and unified; defense was improved, and the Great Wall was expanded.
		It is usually spelled "sui juris" in civil law, which uses the phrase to indicate legal competence, the capacity to manage one’s own affairs (Black's Law Dictionary, Oxford English Dictionary).
	www.breadlike.com /pages7/4/ana-sui.html (963 words)

	Ethics of China 7 BC To 1279 by Sanderson Beck
		Sui Wen Di claimed the mandate of heaven but put to death 59 members of the Yuwen family; yet as a Buddhist he believed in karma, and these killings would haunt him.
		Wen Di became dissatisfied with Confucianism, and in 601 all schools in the empire were abolished except for one college with seventy students in the capital.
		As the Sui empire was disintegrating, Yang Di fled to southern China, where he was assassinated in his bath by a descendant of the Yuwen family and the son of his general Yuwen Shu in 618.
	www.san.beck.org /AB3-China.html (20851 words)

	Chinese Cultural Studies: Concise Political History of China (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The title of emperor was used for the first time in Chinese history to set the Ch'in ruler apart--as the ruler of the unified land--from the kings, the heads of the earlier, smaller states.
		Sui Wen Ti's premature death might have been caused by his ambitious son Yang Ti, whose grandiose projects and military campaigns ultimately led to the Sui's downfall.
		The emperor Hung-wu modeled his government on the T'ang system, restoring the doctrine and practices of Confucianism and continuing the trend toward concentration of power in the imperial government, especially in the hands of the emperor himself.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /core9/phalsall/texts/chinhist.html (16949 words)

	China History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Sui dynasty happened to be only one generation and this is why they are accredited with leaving their dynasty behind with unity of China.
		The capital of the Sui, and later of the T’ang, was Changan.
		A wise emperor, but since Event of Dew, a plan to eliminate the eunuchs who controlled the government, failed, he was put under house arrest and died in a depression.
	michaelreport.com /history/east/china/chinac.html (6012 words)

	Han , Sui, Tang Dynasties
		From 138 BC, Emperor Wu also dispatched Zhang Qian twice as his envoy to the Western Regions, and in the process pioneered the route known as the Silk Road from Chang'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi Province), through Xinjiang and Central Asia, and on to the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
		Prestige of a newly founded dynasty during the reigns of the first three emperors was barely able to hinder the corruption; however Confucian scholar gentry turned against eunuchs for their corrupted authorities, while consort clans and eunuchs struggled for power in subsequent reigns.
		The Sui Dynasty began when Emperor Wen entered a marriage alliance with the daughter of a ruler of the northern Zhou empire.
	www.crystalinks.com /chinadynasties2.html (2575 words)

	TCM history – The Sui & Tang Dynasties
		This general adopted the reign title of "Sui Wendi," or emperor Wen, thus establishing the Sui Dynasty.
		Sui Wendi's successor, Sui Yangdi was overthrown and the Tang Dynasty was established in 618 AD.
		Medicine: Those students who studied medicine were required to take general subjects that focused on classics such as the Huang Di Nei Jing (The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine), Shennong Bencaojing (Classic of Herbal Medicine), Maijing (Pulse Classic or Manual on the Pulses), and Zhenjiu Jiayijing (The ABC of Acupuncture and Moxibustion).
	www.shen-nong.com /eng/history/suitang.html (1604 words)

	Sui Dynasty (581-618) - Ancient China
		Emperor Wen was able to do this feat when he wiped out Chen Dynasty in 589.
		The Sui Dynasty was faced with financial crisis due to long period of wars before it was established.
		The Emperor thought of reverting the existing “land equalization system.” A number of land ownerships were given to the farmers.
	www.ancient-china.net /articles/sui-dynasty (828 words)

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