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	Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Emperor Xiaowen was so distraught that he was unable to take in food or water for five days, and subsequently observed a three-year mourning period for her, notwithstanding officials' pleas for him to shorten the mourning period in accordance with rules that Emperor Wen of Han had set.
		Also in 493, Emperor Xiaowen began the first of a number of campaigns that he would conduct against Southern Qi -- although in the case of this campaign, it was intended to instead allow him to move the capital from Pingcheng south to the Han heartland of Luoyang, to further his sinicization campaign.
		Emperor Xiaowen went as far as ordering his six younger brothers to demote their current wives to concubine status, and taking the daughters of officials from the five Han clans to be their new wives, an action heavily criticized by historians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emperor_Xiaowen_of_Northern_Wei_China (3190 words)

	Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Emperor Xuanwu was an avid Buddhist, and during his reign Buddhism effectively became the state religion, as Emperor Xuanwu himself often personally lectured on the Buddhist sutras.
		In 496, Emperor Xiaowen changed the name of the imperial clan from Tuoba to Yuan, and thereafter he would be known as Yuan Ke.
		Emperor Xiaowen's brother Yuan Xie the Prince of Pengcheng was put into command of the withdrawing army on an emergency basis, and Yuan Xie kept Emperor Xiaowen's death a secret while summoning Yuan Ke to join the army.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emperor_Xuanwu_of_Northern_Wei_China (1524 words)

	Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		was an emperor of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.
		He was generally regarded as a capable ruler, and during his reign, Northern Wei roughly doubled in size and united all of northern China, thus ending the Sixteen Kingdoms period and, together with the southern dynasty Liu Song, started the Southern and Northern Dynasties period of Chinese history.
		The emperor of Wei was strong and brave, and calm and settled.
	en.onebrainman.info /Emperor_Taiwu_of_Northern_Wei.htm (5030 words)

	Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei China More Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Xiaowen (孝文帝) (467 - 499) was the Chinese emperor of the Northern Wei dynasty from 471 to 499.
		Xiaowen implemented a drastic policy of sinicization, intending to centralize the government and make the multi-ethnic state more easy to govern.
		In 494, he moved the Northern Wei capital of China to Luoyang, a city long acknowledged as a major center in History of China.
	emperor.xiaowen.of.northern.wei.china.en.new-news.info (304 words)

	BookRags: Wei Hsiao-Wen-ti Biography
		Wei Hsiao-wen-ti (467-499) was the sixth emperor of the Northern Wei dynasty.
		Wei Hsiao-wen-ti was born T'o-pa Hung on Oct. 13, 467, in P'ing-ch'eng (east of the present Ta-t'ung, Shansi, south of the Great Wall), eldest son of Emperor Hsien-wen.
		This nostalgia for China and things Chinese weakened the Northern Wei empire, taking its people away from their homeland, putting them into an inferior position vis-à-vis the culturally superior Chinese officialdom, and generally sowing the seeds of Hsien-pi discontent that was to split the dynasty in two in a little over 3 decades.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/wei-hsiao-wen-ti (629 words)

	A Concise History of China, Chapter 4
		The emperor gave them their own department--called the Office to Illumine the Mysteries--and the monks justified bowing down to imperial authority by claiming that the emperor was a bodhisattva, a reincarnation of the Buddha.
		China still did not have a money economy, and it was impossibly slow and wasteful to transport the grain and clothing which made up the army's payroll by land; the only way to deliver it was by river or canal.
		Soon she was the emperor's favorite; by giving him a son, something the official empress hadn't done, she pulled ahead of the other concubines and was closing in on the empress herself.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /china/ch04.html (8760 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Zhou Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		In the Chinese historical tradition, the rulers of the Zhou displaced the Yin and legitimized their rule by invoking the Mandate of Heaven, the notion that the ruler (the "son of heaven") governed by divine right but that his dethronement would prove that he had lost the mandate.
		In Western histories, the Zhou period is often described as feudal because the Zhou's early decentralized rule invites comparison with medieval rule in Europe.
		Finally, the dynasty was obliterated by Qin Shi Huang's unification of China in 221 BC.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Zhou_Dynasty (898 words)

	Sinification of Xianbei for Northern Wei - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		China History Forum is an online chinese history forum, discussion board or community for all who are interested in learning and discussing chinese history from prehistoric till modern times, including chinese art of war, chinese culture topics.
		Emperor Xiaowen was deeply influenced by Han thought and culture and called himself a "great Confucian scholar." He believed that in order for the Xianbei dynasty to consolidate, progress and flourish its people should assimilate into the advanced civilization of the Central Plains area.
		Emperor Xiaowen had already formulated plans for reform, but had not articulated them as he knew the magnitude of objections that would confront him.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=765 (1569 words)

	Northern and Southern Dynasties: Ancient Chinese Dynasties
		After the Emperor Xiaowen died, his reform was revoked, which intensified the conflicts inside the ruling class between the Xianbei and the Han aristocrats.
		Historically, the Northern Dynasties referred to the regimes of the Beiwei, the Dongwei, the Xiwei, the Beizhou and the Beiqi.
		During Northern Wei period, the rulers were the most generous patrons in both the north and south.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/southern_northern (1235 words)

	CHINA REVIEW HENAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The White Horse Temple at Luoyang is possibly the oldest Buddhist temple in China and the fascinating Buddhist carvings at Longmen Caves also show that the province was a place where beliefs central to traditional Chinese culture were nurtured.
		Here and at nearby Anyang China's early bronze industry developed for military and ritual use, and remains of the ancient Shang city foundations and wall are still visible on the outskirts of town.
		The story is one of China's 4 classic fictions and it depicts the tripartite confrontation of Wei, Shu and Wu kingdoms during the Three Kingdoms Period (220-280).
	www.chinareview.com /cities/henan (4775 words)

	Xiaowen - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Xiaowen was an emperor of the Northern Wei dynasty around the 5th century, see Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei China.
		Xiaowen was the less common posthumous name of Emperor Wen of Han China.
		You can find it there under the keyword Xiaowen (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiaowen)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xiaowenandaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Xiaowen (174 words)

	Luoyang,Regent Tour China
		The temple was built in 495, the 19th year of the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty and was named Shaolin because it is at the northern foot of Shaoshi Mountain and surrounded by densely growing trees (lin means forest).
		The stone slabs in the eastern, western, and northern halls bear carved designs of officials worshiping Buddha and of arhats (saints) watching the sea, as well as dragons, Chinese unicorns, sea turtles, elephants, and deer.
		The sumeru pedestal of the divine platform in the main hall is covered with designs of mountains, trees, a temple, a pagoda, crop fields, a tiny bridge over a stream, wandering monks, a farmer with his donkey, and people waiting to be ferried across a river.
	www.regenttour.com /chinaplanner/lya/lya-sights-shaolin.htm (1204 words)

	Stories from Ancient China: A Kind and Bighearted Emperor \| Clearharmony - Falundafa in Europe
		Emperor Xiaowen (孝文帝) was the sixth monarch of the Northern Wei Dynasty (386 – 534 A.D.) during the Southern and Northern Dynasties Period (420 – 589 A.D.).
		Emperor Xiaowen sucked the pus out from his father’s wound with his own mouth.
		Emperor Xianwen was fond of the doctrine of Buddhism and lived in tranquillity, with little attachment to worldly affairs and wealth.
	www.clearharmony.net /articles/200602/31253.html (431 words)

	China History Forum, chinese history forum > Diplomacy & commercial relationship - SN dynasties
		The Northern Wei had deliberately planted some jewelries of gold and jade from the palace to the merchants to be put up on sale cheap in Liu Zuan's presence.
		Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei, Yuan Hong - (孝文帝, 元宏), reigned AD 471-499, changed the family from TuoBa to Yuan (元).
		In both northern and southern dynasties, the selection of envoys was a weighty decision.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t2139.html (895 words)

	Period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (386-589 A.D.) \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The Northern Wei rulers were ardent supporters of Buddhism, a foreign religion utilized as a theocratic power for ideological and social control of the predominantly Chinese population.
		Marked by the adoption of Chinese language, costume, and political institutions, the Northern Wei reform contributed greatly to an artistic and cultural amalgamation in sixth-century China, which was also manifested in painting, calligraphy, the funerary and decorative arts, and the style of the cave-temples at Longmen in Henan Province.
		By the time China was united again under the Sui (581–618), the country had already experienced decades of relative political stability and social mobility, and its continuous receptiveness to outside influences prepared the way for the advent of the most glorious and prosperous epoch in its history—the
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/nsdy/hd_nsdy.htm (392 words)

	HeBei Wushu: Culture Travel to China
		Using the style which prevailed in Northern Wei, the chief Buddha is sitting in his meditation on an altar with two lions at his feet, and appears delicate and lifelike.
		The contents of the grotto are of great value in the study of sculpture, painting, and architecture of the Northern Wei period.
		There used to be two huge relief sculptures in the cave depicting the grand scenes of the worshipping ceremonies of Emperor Xiaowen and his wife.
	www.hebeiwushu.com /TravelChina/Longmen.html (1368 words)

	Southern & Northern Dynasties (420-589) - Ancient China
		This was composed of Northern Wei (386-533 A.D.), the Eastern Wei (534-540 A.D.), the Western Wei (535-557 A.D.), the Northern Qi (550-557A.D.), and the Northern Zhou (557-588).
		When Emperor Xiaowen of the Wei came into power, he proposed to move the capital of his regime from Luoyang to Datong.
		Its emperors were said to be “neglectful of their duties,” thus making them all unfit for the throne.
	www.ancient-china.net /articles/southern-and-northern-dynasties (792 words)

	Datong: China Travel Guide
		Located in the northern part of Shanxi Province, Datong is one of the 24 historical and cultural cities in China.
		It had served as the heart of the country in the successive 100 years until Emperor Xiaowen of the Wei relocated the country's capital to Luoyang in 471.
		A 70-meter- (230-feet-) high Wooden Pagoda in Yingxian County boasts to be the largest wood-structured pagoda in China and the splendid Huayan Temple complex is the most magnificent Buddhist temple of the Huayan Sect.
	www.warriortours.com /cityguides/datong/index.htm (383 words)

	Vacation in Luoyang China with Asian Vacations, Inc.
		The grottoes were first sculptured and chiseled around the year when Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang in Northern Wei Dynasty.
		It was created as the capital for the Eastern Han, Cao Wei, Western Jin and the Northern Wei dynasties for 334 years.
		The Mausoleum of Emperor Guangwudi of the Han Dynasty
	www.vacationsinchina.com /Luoyang_attractions.html (4209 words)

	Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei China - China-related Topics EM-EP - China-Related Topics
		Xiaowen was an Chinese emperoremperor of the Northern Wei dynasty around the 5th century
		In 494, he moved the Northern Wei capital of Chinacapital to Luoyang, a city long acknowledged as a major center in History of ChinaChinese history.
		He then implemented a drastic policy of sinicization, changing artistic styles to reflect ChinaChinese taste and requiring the Xianbei and others to adopt Chinese surnames, speak the Chinese languagelanguage, and wear Chinese clothes.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Emperor_Xiaowen_of_Northern_Wei_China (193 words)

	Timeline China to 1925
		479BC In China the philosopher Mo-tzu (d.438BCE), founder of Mohism, was born.
		386-535 The Northern Wei Dynasty is associated with the spread of Buddhism from India to China.
		News from China during the Boxer Rebellion was bleak, and one New York newspaper had reported their deaths and printed obituaries.
	timelines.ws /countries/CHINA.HTML (11704 words)

	Luoyanng China: StayresChina Welcomes You in Luoyanng China
		Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng County, Henan Province was built in 495, the 19th year of the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
		It was named Shaolin because it is at the northern foot of Shaoshi Mountain and surrounded by densely growing trees.
		General Guan Yu, well-known for his loyalty, faithfulness, boldness and power, had been regarded as the peerless hero and raised to the level of quasi-religion and therefore worshiped as a Buddha from the Three Kingdoms period to the Sui Dynasty,.
	www.stayreschina.com /luoyang.htm (267 words)

	All Information of 499 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		- Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei China, reformist ruler of the Chinese Northern Wei Dynasty (b.
		- A dream of the first Ottoman Emperor in which a crescent and star appeared from his chest and expanded, presaging the dynasty's fall of Constantinople.
		This regime survived until the arrival of Genghis Khan 's Mongolian horsemen and was referred to in China sources as Kara-Kitai, Kara-Khitai, Kara-Khitay, Kara-Khitan, Western Liao, Xi Liao or similar variants.
	499.en.xvip.org (786 words)

	ipedia.com: Northern Wei Dynasty Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The Northern Wei Dynasty is most noted for the unification of northern China in 440, it was also heavily involved in funding the arts and many antiques and art works from this period have survived.
		The Northern Wei Dynasty (北魏 386-534) is most noted for the unification of northern China in 440, it was also heavily involved in funding the arts and many antiques and art works from this period have survived.
		As a well known fact Tuoba family changed their family name to 元 (yuan2) during the reign of Xiaowen in 496 so we will also change from there.
	www.ipedia.com /northern_wei_dynasty.html (275 words)

	1 Xiaowen was an emperor of the Northern Wei dynasty Northern... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		1 Xiaowen was an emperor of the Northern Wei dynasty Northern...
		1."Xiaowen" was an emperor of the Northern Wei dynasty Northern Wei dynasty around the 5th century 5th century, see Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei China Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei China.
		2."Xiaowen" was the less common posthumous name posthumous name of Emperor Wen of Han China Emperor Wen of Han China.
	www.biodatabase.de /Xiaowen (118 words)

	Longmen Grottoes: Luoyang Tourist Attractions
		The grottoes were started around the year 493 when Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534) moved the capital to Luoyang and were continuously built during the 400 years until the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127).
		Most of them are the works of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the flourishing age of the Tang Dynasty (618-907).
		Its name is due to the 15,000 small statues of Buddha chiseled in the southern and northern walls of the cave.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /attraction/henan/luoyang/longmen.htm (711 words)

	<A>Welcom to Henan - Travel Reviews - China Travel Community
		China Travel Tips - Most up-to-date tips to help with your trip planning.
		It was built in the 19th year during the reign of Emperor Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (495 AD).
		Emperor Xiaowen, Yuanhong gave an edict to build for settling an Indian senior monk named Batuo.
	community.travelchinaguide.com /review2.asp?i=367&pp=8 (736 words)

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