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Topic: Emperor of Russia

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Peter III of Russia

Alexander III of Russia

	Russia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1547, at the age of 17, Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible; reigned 1533–84) was crowned czar of all Russia.
		Russia, having suffered a severe diplomatic setback at the Congress of Berlin (see Berlin, Congress of, 1878), eventually abandoned the Three Emperors’ League with Germany and Austria-Hungary and in 1892 entered into an alliance with republican France.
		Russia’s reputation suffered internationally, however, in late 2004 when it threw its support behind government candidates in Ukraine and the Georgian region of Abkhazia; in both elections, the candidates Moscow opposed ultimately succeeded despite strong resistance on the part of the existing governments to change.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ru/Russia.html (6604 words)

	Alexander I of Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For Russia was not ripe for liberty; and Alexander, the disciple of the revolutionist Laharpe, was—as he himself said—but "a happy accident" on the throne of the tsars.
		A party too in Russia itself, headed by the Tsar's brother Constantine Pavlovich, was clamorous for peace; but Alexander, after a vain attempt to form a new coalition, summoned the Russian nation to a holy war against Napoleon as the enemy of the Orthodox faith.
		Madame de Krüdener, and her colleague, the evangelist Empaytaz, became the confidants of the Emperor's most secret thoughts; and during the campaign that ended in the occupation of Paris the imperial prayer-meetings were the oracle on whose revelations hung the fate of the world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia (3817 words)

	Encyclopedia: Eastern Question (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Russia stood to benefit from the decline of the Ottoman Empire; on the other hand, Austria and the United Kingdom deemed the preservation of Turkey to be in their best interests.
		Russia undertook to aid Napoleon in his war against the United Kingdom; in turn, the Emperor of Russia would receive the Ottoman territories of Moldavia and Wallachia.
		In 1829, the Emperor of Russia concluded the Treaty of Adrianople with the Sultan; his empire was granted additional territory along the Black Sea, Russian commercial vessels were granted access to the Dardanelles, and the commercial rights of Russians in the Ottoman Empire were enhanced.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Eastern-Question (4358 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Germany's Declaration of War with Russia, 1 August 1914
		The German Government were, therefore, obliged to make representations to the Government of His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias and to insist upon a cessation of the aforesaid military acts.
		Russia having refused to comply with this demand, and having shown by this refusal that her action was directed against Germany, I have the honour, on the instructions of my Government, to inform your Excellency as follows:
		His Majesty the Emperor, my august Sovereign, in the name of the German Empire, accepts the challenge, and considers himself at war with Russia.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/germandeclarationofwar_russia.htm (217 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Russia
		The boundaries of Russia are: on the north, the Arctic Ocean; on the west, Sweden, Norway, the Baltic Sea, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Rumania; on the south, the Black Sea, Turkey, Persia, the Caspian Sea; Afghanistan, and China; on the east, the Pacific Ocean.
		Russia shares the possession of the Baltic Sea with Sweden, Germany, and Denmark, and its waters have been the highway of Russian commerce since the time of Peter the Great, although their shores are rugged and reefs numerous.
		The greatest increase in the population is given by the region of New Russia, that of the Baltic, and the Province of Moscow.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13231c.htm (19233 words)

	Encyclopedia: Alexander I of Russia
		Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia Nicholas II of Russia (18 May 1868 â€“ 17 July 1918) was the last crowned Emperor of Russia.
		The Congress or Conference of Aix-la-Chapelle, held in the autumn of 1818, was primarily a meeting of the four allied powers Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia to decide the question of the withdrawal of the army of occupation from France and the nature of the modifications to be...
		Towards the close of his life their reconciliation was completed by the wise charity of the Empress in sympathizing deeply with him over the death of his beloved daughter by Princess Maria Naryshkina.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Alexander-I-of-Russia (10487 words)

	PETER - LoveToKnow Article on PETER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		PETER I., called the Great (1672-1725), emperor of Russia, son of the tsar Alexius Mikhailovich and Natalia Naruishkina, was born at Moscow on the 30th of May 1672.
		The possession of an ice-free seaboard was essential to her natural development; the creation of a fleet would follow inevitably upon the acquisition of such a seaboard; and she could not hope to obtain her due share of the trade and commerce of the world till she possessed both.
		He was determined that, at whatever cost, hardship and inconvenience, Russia should be ruled by Russians, not by foreigners; and before his death he had the satisfaction of seeing every important place in his empire in the hands of capable natives of his own training.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PE/PETER.htm (3232 words)

	Peter III of Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His parents were Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (nephew of Charles XII of Sweden), and Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna, a daughter of Emperor Peter the Great of Russia and his second wife, Catherine I of Russia (a former Latvian peasant, Martha Skavronskaya).
		Two years later, Karl Peter Ulrich's aunt Elizabeth became Empress of Russia, and brought Peter from Germany to Russia and proclaimed him her heir.
		In December 1796, Peter's son the tyrannical Emperor Paul, who disliked his mother, arranged for his remains to be exhumed and then reburied with full honors in the Cathedral of the St. Peter and St. Paul fortress, St. Petersburg.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peter_III_of_Russia (427 words)

	Emperor of Russia Nicholas I Pavlovitch
		Russia bungled her way into an unecessary war on her own territory, in the Crimea.
		The giant, European superpower image of Russia Nickolas had so carefully crafted could not be supported by the country's lack of basic infrastructure such as roads and railways.
		As long as serfdom and autocracy survived these two millstones around Russia's neck would hold the country back from prosperity she deserved and hence deprive the nation of botgh internal and external security.
	worldroots.com /cgi-bin/gasteldb?@I12741@ (1337 words)

	The Title of Emperor
		The senior Emperor, or only Emperor in the absence of a co-Emperor, became known as the autokratôr (starting with Heraclonas, son and successor of Heraclius in 641); but under the Paleologoi, in the 14th c., it was also conferred on the first co-Emperor.
		By 1040 the emperor called himself Rex Romanorum, and by the 12th century the standard style of the Emperor in the west was Dei gratia Romanorum imperator semper augustus (in German: Von Gottes Gnaden Römischer Kaiser, zur aller Zeit Mehrer des Reichs).
		Grugdingly, it conceded the "Majesty" to the Czar of Russia in 1675.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/royalty/emperor.htm (4874 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - ALEXANDER III., ALEXANDROVICH, Emperor of Russia: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He permitted, and even encouraged, the oppression of the various foreign residents in Russia, and was particularly harsh in his persecution of the Jews.
		The emperor assured its members that the Jewish question would receive his attention, that the disturbances were the work of anarchists, and he advised them to address a memorandum on the subject to the minister of the interior.
		Both the emperor and the grand duke Vladimir expressed their belief that race-hatred was not the real cause, but only the pretext, of the recent disorders.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=1132&letter=A (1255 words)

	Metternich on Making Peace, 1814
		She could not look on the Emperor Alexander, in spite of all his protestations of friendship for the Emperor, but as a declared enemy, and Prussia, always carried away by her own rapacity and ambition, as the inseparable ally of this enemy.
		Russia pretended to agree, but she exacted first the arrangement of the affairs of Poland in the sense of her previous demands with some modifications.
		Austria, in the unfavourable relations in which she found herself with the Russian Emperor, could not resist this project of Prussia's, except with the open and determined assistance of England; for the opposition of France, although strongly marked from the beginning, could not suffice to support Austria in a contest which might terminate in war.
	www2.h-net.msu.edu /~habsweb/sourcetexts/vienna.htm (5840 words)

	Audubon WatchList - Emperor Goose
		The Emperor Goose population declined from an estimated 139,000 in 1964 to 42,000 in 1986.
		The majority of Emperor Goose breeding habitat is protected by the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge (http://www.r7.fws.gov/nwr/yd/ydnwr.html).
		Petersen, M.R., Schumutz, J.A. and Rockwell, R.F. Emperor Goose (Chen canagica).
	audubon2.org /webapp/watchlist/viewSpecies.jsp?id=79 (669 words)

	Alexander I, czar of Russia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		1777–1825, czar of Russia (1801–25), son of Paul I (in whose murder he may have taken an indirect part).
		Alexander requested M. Speranski to draw up proposals for a constitution, but adopted only one aspect of Speranski’s scheme, an advisory state council, and dismissed him in 1812 to placate the nobility.
		During this period Russia gained control of Georgia and parts of Transcaucasia as a result of prolonged war with Persia (1804–13) and annexed (1812) Bessarabia after a war with Turkey (1806–12).
	www.bartleby.com /65/al/Alexand1Rus.html (475 words)

	Emperor of Russia Ivan VI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Emperor of Russia Ivan VI Born: 12 AUG 1740
		After her death, he became Emperor of Russia at the age of two months.
		On November 25, 1741, the Emperor was overthrown by the Imperial Guard led by Elizaveta Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great.
	worldroots.com /cgi-bin/gasteldb?@I23346@ (218 words)

	History of St. Petersburg, Russia: Peter the Great (short biography) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Crowned tzar of Russia on April 27, 1682; became Emperor of Russia on October 22, 1721.
		In 1689, after the failure of a coup d'etat, Sofia was overthrown and exiled to a convent.
		At the end of the war Russia was victorious and conquered the vast lands on the Baltic coast.
	www.cityvision2000.com /history/peterthe.htm (494 words)

	[No title]
		In June, after many balls and fetes given by the Polish magnates, by the courtiers, and by the Emperor himself, it occurred to one of the Polish aides-de-camp in attendance that a dinner and ball should be given for the Emperor by his aides-de-camp.
		The Emperor was not dancing, he stood in the doorway, stopping now one pair and now another with gracious words which he alone knew how to utter.
		Having finished speaking to her, the Emperor looked inquiringly at Balashev and, evidently understanding that he only acted thus because there were important reasons for so doing, nodded slightly to the lady and turned to him.
	www.friends-partners.org /oldfriends/literature/war_and_peace/war-peace_b09c03.html (1153 words)

	v6n131-russia.html
		This particular exhibit represents the diverse ethnic culture of Russia during the late 17th and early 19th centuries.
		Many items displayed are gifts the people gave to the last Russian emperor when Russia was the largest country in the world and had more than 200 languages.
		Nicholas II, the last Russian emperor, is said to have collected these artifacts to build a museum in his late father’s honor.
	www.csulb.edu /~d49er/Summer99/v6n131-russia.html (380 words)

	Sunbirds.com: Tsar Nikolay II The Last Emperor of Russia - Russian Lacquer item (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The image composed is that of Tsar Nikolay II, member of the Romanov family, the last Emperor of Russia.
		The family of the Emperor was suggested to leave the country, but Nicholas and Alexandra decided to stay in their country until the very end.
		Upon completion of the piece the artist writes their name, Russia and the year of 1999 of which the piece was finished on the bottom of the egg in gold paint.
	www.sunbirds.com /lacquer/box/250322 (695 words)

	the last czar of russia
		The Russian Orthodox Church is to canonise Russia's last czar, Nicholas II, his wife and five children, it was announced on Monday.
		… Russia's Last Czar to be Sainted for 'Humility' of his Death, but not for his Life Nicholas II and family part of 1 100 canonized for martyrdom by communists.
		Joseph Stalin: Russia’s Last Czar Uploaded by BP on Oct 28, 2004, … Steven Otfinoski wrote the biography Joseph Stalin: Russia’s Last Czar.
	www.fbcjoy.com /the-last-czar-of.html (309 words)

	Tramp buried instead of Nikolas II, Russia's last emperor - PRAVDA.Ru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Remains of the last Russian emperor Nikolas II, which were buried in Peter and Paul Cathedral in St.Petersburg in 1998, do not belong to the Russian Tsar, the president of the center investigating the details of the Romanovs Royal Family's death, Vadim Viner said on Thursday.
		Vadim Viner said that the center for the history of the royal family, "The Fate of the Dynasty," was going to file a claim to the Supreme Court of Russia to dispute the decision about the burial of the remains.
		In September of 1995, the center became a member of the Russian committee of foreign experts for investigating the fates of the Russian emperor's family members.
	english.pravda.ru /main/18/90/363/14674_tsar.html (667 words)

	New Decree Of The Emperor Of Russia.
		As the Polish government neither granted them civil rights, nor permitted them to acquire immoveable property, they necessarily became dependants on the landed proprietors, and were restricted to retail trades, or the sale of spirits.
		The union of these provinces with Russia, was, for the Jews, a new epoch.
		Besides this, they were permitted to acquire immoveable property, and to settle as agriculturists, either on their own estates, or on the lands of the crown; in which latter case government also granted them support, and freedom from all taxes.
	www.jewish-history.com /Occident/volume4/sep1846/russia.html (704 words)

	Articles - Ivan VI of Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ivan VI of Russia (Иоанн Антонович), (August 23, 1740 - July 16, 1764), reigned as Emperor of Russia 1740 - 1741, was the son of Prince Antony Ulrich of Brunswick-Lüneburg and of the princess Anna Leopoldovna of Mecklenburg.
		His great-aunt the empress Anna I of Russia adopted the eight-week-old boy and declared him her successor on 5 October 1740.
		Rumours of his confinement at Kholmogory having leaked out, he was secretly transferred to the fortress of Schlisselburg (1756), where he was still more rigorously guarded, the very commandant of the fortress not knowing the identity of "a certain arrestant".
	www.gaple.com /articles/Ivan_VI_of_Russia (684 words)

	Tsar Nicholas II, the last Romanov emperor of Russia in March 1917, was forced off of the throne.
		Tsar Nicholas II, the last Romanov emperor of Russia in March 1917, was forced off of the throne.
		Coursework and Essays: Uncategorised: Section 3: Tsar Nicholas II, the last Romanov emperor of Russia in March 1917, was forced off of the throne
		Below is a short sample of the essay "Tsar Nicholas II, the last Romanov emperor of Russia in March 1917, was forced off of the throne.".
	www.coursework.info /i/49574.html (383 words)

	Saint Petersburg, Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Peter the Great was crowned Tzar of Russia at the age of 10 on April 27, 1682, and became Emperor of Russia on October 22, 1721.
		The City was built with 18th and 19th century European pomp and orderliness by mainly European architects and accumulated all of the grandeur of the Russian Imperial Court.
		The present City is a large industrial, transport, scientific and cultural center of Russia with a territory of 620 square kilometers (235 square miles) and a population of 5 million.
	www.basecamp.cnchost.com /peterbrg.htm (1697 words)

	Illustrated history of Russia and the Former USSR.(C) Copyright 1995, RUSphoto
		A comprehensive history of the Jews of Russia from the first settlements to the present.
		The Imperor of Russia, Nickolas II lived most of the time at the Alexander Palace and his family considered it their primary residence and home.
		The Grand Duke Mikhail Romanov (1878-1918) was the last Emperor of Russia; the imperial throne of Russia has been transferred to him by Nickolas II in March, 1917.
	www.friends-partners.org /oldfriends/mes/russia/history.html (860 words)

	ACSYS Final Conference, 11-14 November 2003, AARI
		Saint Petersburg (Russian Sankt Peterburg), second largest city and largest seaport in Russia, located in the northwestern part of the country, at the head of the Gulf of Finland (an arm of the Baltic Sea).
		The capital of Russia for two centuries (1712-1918), Saint Petersburg is one of the most beautiful cities in Europe, noted for its lavish palaces and grand cathedrals.
		Petersburg is situated in the North-West of Russia in the Neva River delta on the Eastern coast of the Gulf of Finland and occupies, together with the administratively subordinated territories, the terri-tory of 1439 square kilometres.
	www.aari.nw.ru /projects/acsys_2003/conf.html (2316 words)

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