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	Empire of Trebizond - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alexius, a grandson of Byzantine emperor Andronicus I Comnenus and a descendant of King David the Builder of Georgia through his great grandmother Katay (daughter of David the Builder), made Trebizond his capital and asserted a claim to be the legitimate successor of the Byzantine Empire.
		Trebizond initially controlled a contiguous area on the southern Black Sea coast between Soterioupolis and Sinope, comprising the modern Turkish provinces of Sinop, Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, Bayburt, Gumushane, Rise and Artvin.
		Trebizond was in continual conflict with the Sultanate of Iconium and later with the Ottoman Turks, as well as Byzantium, the Italian republics, and especially the Genoese.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond (1041 words)

	hremperors
		Basil I (812-886) `the Macedonian´ Byzantine emperor 867-86 and founder of the Macedonian dynasty.
		The spiritual influence of the western division of the church expanded simultaneously, in particular during the pontificate (590-604) of Gregory I. As the political prestige of the Byzantine Empire declined, the papacy grew increasingly resentful of interference by secular and ecclesiastical authorities at Constantinople in the affairs and practices of the Western church.
		Charles was the son of Philip I, king of Castile, and Joanna the Mad; maternal grandson of Ferdinand V of Castile and Isabella I; paternal grandson of the Habsburg Holy Roman emperor Maximilian I; and great-grandson of Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/hremperors.htm (8194 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The first Latin Emperors of Constantinople on the other hand had to be present in the newly conquered capital of their Empire, because that was the only place where they could be granted to become Emperor.
		Early Roman Emperors on the other hand avoided any type of ceremony or regalia different from what was already usual for republican offices in the Roman Republic: the most intrusive change had been changing the color of their robe to purple.
		Instead, these first Emperors constructed their office as a complicated collection of offices, titles, and honours, that were consolidated around a single person and his closest relatives (while in the republic the "taking of turns", often in shared offices, had been the principle for passing on power).
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Emperor (5982 words)

	TREBIZOND, Chapter 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A vigorous sally by the Emperor, however, caused the invaders to flee; many of them were slain, their tents and money plundered, and in a further engagement the governor of Sinope, who had caused the war, and a first cousin of Melik fell on the one side, and several prominent Greeks on the other.
		For the Emperor of Trebizond was just as much the representative of Byzantium as the Emperors of Nicæa had been, and more so than the man who had supplanted them on the throne.
		The Emperor’s half-sister, Theodora, daughter of Manuel’s Georgian wife, Roussadan, seized the throne in 1285, only to be put suddenly to flight; but her brief reign lasted long enough to provide numismatists with one or perhaps two specimens of the only coins minted by an Empress of Trebizond.
	www.orthodoxchristianity.net /texts/TrebizondCh3.htm (4404 words)

	Origins of the Golden Fleece
		The sovereignty of the order, in hereditary possession of the House of Burgundy, was, in default of a male heir, destined for the husband of the heiress of the Duchy until the majority of her son.
		Colchis was in the realm of the Trebizond Empire of the Comnena family, whose rule at Byzantium was terminated by the Latin Fourth Crusade -- that perverted venture of 1204 which the Venetians turned from freeing the Holy Land to looting the Christian Byzantine Empire that was Europe's bulwark against the march of Islam.
		Also in 1253 Manuel I, Emperor of Trebizond, sent an envoy to King Louis IX of France at Sidon seeking a daughter in marriage for an alliance between the monarchs.
	www.antiquesatoz.com /sgfleece/origins.htm (1727 words)

	Empire of Trebizond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Empire of Trebizond was a successor state of the Byzantine Empire founded in 1204 after the Fourth Crusade.
		Alexius I, a grandson of Byzantine emperor Andronicus I Comnenus and Georgian King David the Builder, made Trebizond the seat of an empire, and because of this connection the polity was sometimes referred to as the Comnenan Empire.
		Trebizond controlled a contiguous area across the southern Black Sea coast, and, briefly in the thirteenth century, even parts of the Crimean peninsula and Kerch on the Black Sea's northern shore.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/empire_of_trebizond (584 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Diocese of Trebizond
		In 1462 Trebizond was taken by assault by the troops of Mohammed II, and its last emperor, David, was exiled to the vicinity of Serrae in Macedonia.
		At present Trebizond is the capital of the vilayet of the same name, bounded by those of Sivas and Erzeroum, the Black Sea, and Asiatic Russia, which after the war of 1877 absorbed a part of its territory.
		The Capuchins are established for the Latins at Trebizond, Samsun, and Ineboli, and are dependent on the delegate Apostolic at Constantinople; the Sisters of St. Joseph of the Apparition have a boarding-school at Trebizond.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15028a.htm (1137 words)

	The Empire of Trebizond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Emperor Justinianus I had new fortresses built in order to defend the city and also had water brought to the city.
		Emperor Andronikos I who replaced Komnenos tried hard to regain independence from the Seljuks who were ruling the country.
		Although the emperor was prepared to accept all the conditions set forth by the Ottomans, Trabzon was conquered by the Turks on October 26, 1461.
	mehmeteti.150m.com /seljuqsofrum/trebizond.htm (770 words)

	Rome and Romania, Roman Emperors, Byzantine Emperors, etc.
		Emperors are commonly known by particular parts of their names, or by nicknames, e.g.
		Decius and Herennius were killed in battle by the Goths in 251 -- the only Roman Emperors to die in battle (against external enemies) besides Julian (against the Persians, 363), Valens (against the Goths again, 378), Nicephorus I (against the Bulgars, 811), and Constantine XI (with the fall of Constantinople to the Turks, 1453).
		With Valens as the senior Emperor, he didn't wait for assistance before moving to put down a revolt by the Visigoths, who had recently been admitted as refugees from the Huns but were now rising up against mistreatment by their hosts.
	www.friesian.com /romania.htm (14392 words)

	Jere's Ars Magica Saga: Trebizond
		As significant as it is in the grain trade, Trebizond is more important as a commercial center in which converged trade routes coming by sea from Cherson and by land from the Caucasus, Central Asia, Syria, Constantinople and from throughout Anatolia.
		Trebizond flourished because of its fine harbor and location at the head of the best routes from the sea to the interior and Iran.
		Trebizond is the main city of the Eastern Black Sea area.
	www.geocities.com /TimesSquare/Labyrinth/2398/bginfo/geo/trebizon.html (1190 words)

	TREBIZOND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the Armenian campaign of Nero's reign Trebizond, the gate of Armenia, was the port through which the Roman army conveyed its supplies; and in the civil wars which followed his death this “illustrious,” this “long famous city,” as Mela and Tacitus
		Among those present at the Council of Nice was the Bishop of Trebizond; the Bishop in the eighth century became a Metropolitan; in the reign of Justinian one of his successors became Patriarch at
		Trebizond was naturally an important position in Justinian's Persian war, and a portrait of Belisarius long adorned the church of St. Basil, while to that great general is ascribed the restoration of the famous monastery of Soumela, a conspicuous landmark of history, founded in the reign of Theodosius the Great by two monks from
	www.orthodoxchristianity.net /texts/TrebizondCh1.html (1342 words)

	Descendants of Manuel Comnenus
		d 1214 `--Alexius I Comnenus Emperor of Trebizond 1204 d 1222 --daughter
		m Andronicus I Gidos, Emperor of Trebizond 1222 d 1235 --Johannes I Axouchos
		d 1238 `--Manuel I Comnenus Emperor of Trebizond 1238 d 1263 --Andronicus II Comnenus
	www.stud.ntnu.no /~chrisjoh/comnenus.html (111 words)

	MANUEL II. OF TREBIZOND - LoveToKnow Article on MANUEL II. OF TREBIZOND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		(M. PALAEOLOGUS (1350-1425), Byzantine emperor from 1391 to 1425, was born in 1350.
		At the time of his father's death he was a hostage at the court of Bayezid1 at Brusa, but succeeded in making his escape; he was forthwith besieged in Constantinople by the sultan, whose victory over the Christians at Nicopolis, however (Sept. 28, 1396), did not secure for him the capital.
		1263), emperor of Trebizond, surnamed the Great Captain (6 orpar^iKiraTos), was the second son ol Alexius I., first emperor of Trebizond, and ruled from 1228 to 1263.
	20.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MA/MANUEL_II_OF_TREBIZOND.htm (709 words)

	Trebizond, empire of. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The last of these was founded by two members of the former imperial Comnenus family, David and his brother Alexius I (reigned 1204–22) of Trebizond, who took the titles of Grand Comnenus and emperor, which were assumed by all his successors.
		The empire of Trebizond was further diminished when Sinope fell (1214) to the Seljuk Turks, and the emperor became a vassal of the sultan of Iconium; for the remainder of its existence Trebizond was restricted to the SE Black Sea coastal region.
		In this period the emperors attempted to gain strength by marrying the princesses of the Comnenus dynasty to Turkish princes.
	www.bartleby.com /65/tr/Trebizemp.html (489 words)

	Nicol. Last Centuries of Byzantium
		At the moment of the Emperor's death in October 1448 Constantine was in the Morea.
		The Emperor of Trebizond was deeply impressed by the Byzantine ambassador's cautious and statesmanlike appraisal of the situation.
		The Emperor now sent a formal complaint to the Sultan's vizir at Brusa that the annuity was not sufficient; and he suggested that in the person of Orhan the Byzantines had a pretender to the Ottoman Sultanate whom they might feel obliged to let loose.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/hst373/readings/nicol.html (11142 words)

	AllRefer.com - Trebizond, empire of (Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine) - Encyclopedia
		These were the empire of Nicaea, the despotate of Epirus, and the empire of Trebizond.
		When the Byzantine Empire was restored (1261) under Nicaean leadership, Trebizond remained separate and independent, although it was often forced to pay tribute to the succeeding dominant powers of Asia Minor.
		Relations between Trebizond and the Muslims were generally friendly, but after the Turkish conquest of Constantinople (1453), David Comnenus, the last emperor of Trebizond, promoted an alliance of the non-Ottoman Asian states against Sultan Muhammad II.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/Trebizemp.html (573 words)

	[No title]
		He m.bigamously to Eirene of Trapezunt (note: she was not the same woman as his first wife, Irene Palaiologina, Empress of Trebizond, who he married in 1335!) and had issue before dying in 1390.
		Catherine the Great is here: http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal01299 Emperor Napoleon I Bonaparte associated with Eleonore Denuelle (born 3 Sep 1787, St Eustache, Paris, died 30 Jan 1868, Paris) and had issue: (1) Comte Charles Leon, born 15 Dec 1806, Paris.
		Emperor Napoleon I Bonaparte associated with Marie Laczynska, Countess Walewska and had issue: (2) Alexandre Josephe Walewski, born 4 May 1810, Walewski, Polen.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~byzantium/RoyalData.txt (4822 words)

	Trebizond, empire of on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The last of these was founded by two members of the former imperial Comnenus family, David and his brother Alexius I (reigned 1204-22) of Trebizond, who took the titles of Grand Comnenus and emperor, which were assumed by all his successors.
		Trebizond, the capital, and Sinope were the chief cities.
		The empire reached its greatest prosperity under Alexius II (1297-1330), but with the decline of Mongol power after 1320, Trebizond suffered increasingly from Turkish attacks, civil wars, and domestic intrigues.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/T/Trebizemp.asp (689 words)

	Double-sided icon: (a) The founder of Dionysiou Monastery, Alexios III Comnenos, and its patron, St John the Baptist - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Alexios, Emperor of Trebizond, is portrayed on the left, standing in a frontal pose, dressed in royal attire, and wearing a crown with pearl-studded pendants.
		he Emperor is a close copy of the portrait of Alexios Comnenos which accompanies the chrysobull he issued in 1374-5 concerning the foundation and endowment of the monastery (Doelger - Weigand 1943, p.
		The close resemblance between the icon and the chrysobull means either that the same artist painted both the miniature and the icon or that the artist who painted the icon copied the portrait of Alexios on the chrysobull, where he is depicted with his consort Theodora.
	www.culture.gr /2/21/218/218ab/e218ab29.html (393 words)

	The Holy Monastery of Dionysiou - Mount Athos
		His effors were supported by the generous sponsorship of Alexius III Comnenus, Emperor of Trebizond.
		This policy of lavish sponsorship of the Monastery was continued by the Palaeologue Emperors and later by many Princes of Moldo-Wallachia.
		Linked with the Dionysiou Monastery is the important figure of St Niphon, Patriarch of Constantinople, who became a monk of Dionysiou in the mid 15th century where he lived until his death.
	fstav.tripod.com /mones/agdionis.html (197 words)

	Notes File 43 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Lascaris also spelled LASKARIS, first emperor of Nicaea, which was recognized as the Byzantine government-in-exile and as the legitimate successor of the Byzantine Empire during the crusaders' occupation of Constantinople.
		A son-in-law of the Byzantine emperor Alexius III Angelus, Theodore distinguished himself during the sieges of Constantinople by the Latins in the Fourth Crusade (1203-04).
		In 1208 he assumed the title of emperor and defended his infant empire not only against the crusaders but also against David Comnenus, a rival Greek emperor in Trebizond to the east on the Black Sea, and against the Seljuq Turks.
	www.jaenfield.com /genealogy/Enf_Bry/n43.html (2176 words)

	Travels of Sir John Mandeville
		And then pass men the sea and arrive at Trebizond that is a good city; and it was wont to be the haven of Pontus.
		Trebizond was wont to be holden of the Emperor of Constantinople; but a great man, that he sent for to keep the country against the Turks, usurped the land and held it to himself, and cleped him Emperor of Trebizond.
		And men say that the emperor taketh more good in that city for custom of merchandise than doth the richest Christian king of all his realm that liveth.
	www.romanization.com /books/mandeville/chap16.html (1707 words)

	AllRefer.com - Comnenus (Ancient History, Late Roman And Byzantine, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Comnenus[komnE´nus] Pronunciation Key, family name of several Byzantine emperors : Isaac I, Alexius I, John II, Manuel I, Alexius II, and Andronicus I : who reigned in the 11th and 12th cent., and of the historian, Princess Anna Comnena.
		Though unable to turn back the forces that contributed to the eventual downfall of the Byzantine Empire, they were generally able rulers.
		A branch of the family founded the empire of Trebizond (see Trebizond, empire of) after the fall of Constantinople in 1204.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Comnenus.html (223 words)

	Find in a Library: The honour of chivalry: or, The famous and delectable history of Don Bellianis of Greece Continuing ...
		Find in a Library: The honour of chivalry: or, The famous and delectable history of Don Bellianis of Greece Continuing as well the valiant exploits of that magnanimous and heroick prince, son to the emperor Don Bellaneo of Greece; as also the wars between him and the souldan of Persia.
		Wherein is likewise described the strange and dangerous adventures that befel him in the prosecution of his love towards the princess Forisbella, daughter to the souldan of Babylon: his releasing of her father the souldan from a strange enchantment, and vanquishing the emperor of Trebizond.
		The honour of chivalry: or, The famous and delectable history of Don Bellianis of Greece Continuing as well the valiant exploits of that magnanimous and heroick prince, son to the emperor Don Bellaneo of Greece; as also the wars between him and the souldan of Persia.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/cb830b2ae29c53caa19afeb4da09e526.html (380 words)

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