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Topic: Emphatic consonant

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	Proto-Semitic Language and Culture. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. 2000
		There were five triads of homorganic consonants (pronounced in the same area of the mouth); each triad consisted of a voiced, voiceless, and emphatic consonant.
		The emphatic consonants are characteristic of Semitic; in Proto-Semitic they were probably glottalized, that is, produced with a simultaneous closing of the glottis in the throat; this is how they are still pronounced in the Ethiopian Semitic languages.
		The outcomes of the Proto-Semitic consonants in Akkadian, Ethiopic, Arabic, Hebrew, and Aramaic are illustrated in the table "Proto-Semitic Sound Correspondences".
	www.bartleby.com /61/10.html (3655 words)

	emphatic - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Emphatic consonant is a term widely used in Semitic linguistics to describe one of a series of obstruent consonants which originally contrasted with series of both voiced and voiceless obstruents.
		Tim Parker, Tim Duncan and Manu Ginobili made a strong statement about their readiness for the...
		Spurs make emphatic statement in Game 1 Duncan's double-double sparks San Antonio to victory over...
	encarta.msn.com /emphatic.html (137 words)

	Modern Standard Arabic
		Emphatic consonants are pronounced with a retracted mid-body of the tongue.
		Many consonants are pronounced in the back of the mouth, i.e., velar, uvular, pharyngeal, and glottal sounds.
		= are emphatic consonants pronounced with a retracted mid-body of the tongue.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/august/ModernStandardArabic.html (1408 words)

	Co-articulated consonant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They may be divided into two classes, doubly articulated consonants with two primary places of articulation of the same manner (both plosive, or both nasal, etc.), and consonants with secondary articulation, that is, a second articulation not of the same manner.
		An example of a doubly articulated consonant is the voiceless labial-velar plosive [k͡p], which is pronounced simulateously at the velum (a [k]) and at the lips (a [p]).
		The most frequently encountered are labialization (such as [kʷ]), palatalization (such as the Russian "soft" consonant [tʲ]), velarization (such as the English "dark" el [lˠ]), and pharyngealization (such as the Arabic "emphatic" consonant [tˤ]).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Co-articulated_consonant (298 words)

	I Lam Arth
		This consonant is, however, subject to phonetical shifts, hence we will refer to the characteristic consonant of some pronoun as the one appearing in the CE root of this pronoun.
		This consonant, however, is not as such associated with the plural as the attested pronoun ta (it) shows.
		The long affix -ntë can be interpreted as the characteristical consonant in addition with a plural marker n (not to be confused with the characteristical consonant n denoting 1st person sg.) to clarify that plural use is intended.
	sindarin.weet.us /pro_renk.html (5168 words)

	Lesson 6. How to Be Emphatic and Possessive
		Emphatic subjects are common in "who" and "what" questions and in the answers to those questions (in fact, there is no other way to ask them):
		Also notice that the form of "bod" used in the emphatic form is the kind we associated with questions (see Section 2.2).
		The "w" in "yw" is a consonant; thus, the "y" has the clear sound.
	www.cs.cf.ac.uk /fun/welsh/Lesson06.html (1871 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages. Home
		An unusually high incidence of emphatic suffixes captures the high affect that attaches to this tale of a strongly disliked woman; they pursue the unfortunate woman across many of the clauses that follow her introduction as an té-eas.
		Registering this trail of emphatic suffixes, the auditor or reader can’t be altogether surprised to find the narrator asking ‘what the devil’ the woman is doing there or threatening to give her ‘a kick in the rear’.
		Of the 14 emphatic suffixes in example 4, ten are attached to personal or prepositional pronouns that refer directly to the Gaelic coach (as is one of the two emphatic uses of fhéin).
	www.ogmios.org /121.htm (5855 words)

	LINGUIST List 14.1874: :Phonology/Phonetics: Shahin (2002) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Shahin analyzes the consonant inventory of PA as having 6 gutturals and 8 emphatics.
		The consonant inventory of SS is analyzed by Shahin as having 4 gutturals (uvular approximants) and 12 emphatics ('retracted' coronals and uvular obstruents).
		The 'dorsal emphatics' in SS are uvular stops and fricatives, while in PA this class is limited to the velar stop (which is still ambiguously referred to as 'post-velar') or to a uvularized/pharyngealized glottal stop (for one of the PA speakers).
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/14/14-1874.html (3700 words)

	Emphatic Opposition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Besides the normal opposition in Avesta, there is also an emphatic opposition shown by an initial consonant cluster on the positive form or the oppositive form, but not neutral form.
		Emphatic opposition occurs after the derived stems, so derived stems do not occur for these forms.
		The emphatic agent is typically used to coin words for objects (animate or inamimate) that relate to the descriptor or action.
	home.ix.netcom.com /~heensle/lang/avesta/oppose.html (384 words)

	[No title]
		Crashing your hand on the table may achieve this effect, but that method is limited in its applicability, since you may not happen to have a table handy (not to mention that it's totally out of the question for written communication).
		Emphatic subjects are common in 'who' and 'what' questions and in the answers to those questions: Pwy sy'n dod i fwyta heno?
		Note on pronunciation: The 'w' in 'yw' is a consonant; thus, the 'y' has the clear sound.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/archives/welsh-l/welsh-l/1994/Nov/Lesson-6 (2278 words)

	Ling 60 \| Syllabification
		In particular, a consonant between two vowels is universally syllabified as an onset to the second syllable ([a.tu]), not a coda to the first syllable ([at.u]).
		Note that this rule does not specify whether the consonant is joining a syllable that currently lacks an onset consonant, or one that already starts with a consonant (thereby forming a cluster).
		The two leftover consonants cannot be syllabified at this point: onset and coda clusters are not allowed, so there is no place to put these consonants.
	www.unc.edu /~jlsmith/strc-jpn/60syllable.html (1894 words)

	cadences_i_general
		1600, the most emphatic form of harmonic closure became the formula sol-do in the bass.
		When these two formulas -- the stepwise descent to the tonic signaling melodic closure and the sol-do pattern in the bass signaling harmonic closure -- occur together, the result is a cadence which suggests a high degree of repose and an important musical arrival point.
		Harmonic closure involves bass motion to a relatively stable, structurally consonant scale degree, often by skip of a perfect fifth or perfect fourth.
	www.lsu.edu /faculty/jperry/virtual_textbook/cadences_i_general_.htm (536 words)

	Quenya Pronominal System
		For example, n is the characteristical consonant of the 1st person singular, which in fact implies that all pronominal forms of 1st person sg.
		However, these consonants are features of Common Eldarin, which means that they may not appear in their original shape but rather, dependent on the phonological environment, be the subject of sound shifts and blendings.
		When a verb ending is not sufficient, usually emphatic pronouns occur, making the non-emphatic pronoun in nominative to some degree obsolete in the actual use of the language.
	www.phy.duke.edu /~trenk/elvish/quenya_pronouns.html (4307 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Among the 28 consonants, 10 are "deep": 5 "moon" letters + 5 "sun" letters.
		Those 5 "deep-sun" letters are called "emphatic" letters.
		As a result, TO EASE PRONUNCIATION, their role is to influence the "frontal" letter by making it sound "deep" (only possible with the "fetha", of course).
	www.humboldt.edu /~msj2/arabic/pl4.shtml (143 words)

	Goldogrin Pronouns
		(probably emphatic), also in um lenin *‘we have come’ s.v.
		With the use of the plural marker -in in umin (superfluous because um ‘we’ by itself is already plural), compare othin s.v.
		This same prefix is used for the 3rd person plural.
	www.pa2rick.com /langlab/goldogrin_pronouns.html (1094 words)

	Bangla: Alphabet
		When the /raw/ sound is the first of two consonants joined together, it is written above the second consonant and called a reph.
		When the /raw/ sound is the second of two consonants joined together, it is written below the other consonant, as a squiggly line.
		When /maw/ as the second letter is combined with another consonant, it has the effect of producing a nasal sound.
	www.connect-bangladesh.org /bangla/Alphabets.html (192 words)

	Brujeric
		In Brujeric words that end in other consonants, stress is on the last syllable.
		Before any other vowel or a consonant, ‘c’ is pronounced like a ‘k’ (as in the English word “cake) and ‘g’ is pronounced like the ‘g’ that initiates the English word “go.” A cedilla or circumflex gives its respective letter a sound opposite to that which it would normally have based on this rule.
		There is also a somewhat smaller class of nouns, most of which are actually adjectives used as substantives, that do not change to reflect gender but do require an 's' to reflect number.
	student.fgcu.edu /ghbontra/Brujeric.htm (3239 words)

	Sk'op Sotz'leb: Chapter 1
		The consonant clusters that begin words almost always consist of a prefix together with a root, and roots are alphabetized according to their initial consonant.
		Similarly, when the process of adding an affix produces double fricative consonants, these reduce to only one consonant: thus when I write xx, ss, or jj in order to make clear the grammatical structure of the phrase, these letters should be pronounced as x, s, or j.
		Other double consonants are pronounced twice, like chch or tztz, in verbal construction or in words with the same two consonants appearing in conjoining syllables.
	www.zapata.org /Tzotzil/Chapters/chapt1.html (1847 words)

	Why the Seri Language is Important and Interesting
		The syllable structure of English allows for three consonants at the beginning (as in stroke) and three consonants at the end (as in glimpse), with the option of an extra one at the end of a word (as in glimpsed, which phonetically ends m-p-s-t).
		This "emphatic first person singular" prefix, which occurs in a different position in the word than the "normal" first person singular prefix, has two shapes: aa– when the clause is transitive (has a direct object) and caa– when it does not.
		Two similar analyses have actually been proposed,[29] but the basic idea is that these roots begin with a special kind of consonant which is actually none of the regular consonants of the language (such as p, t, c, etc.).
	www.und.nodak.edu /instruct/smarlett/Documents/whyinteresting.html (5669 words)

	Aramaic
		Due to its isolation, the consonant system of Western Aramaic has developed quite differently from other Aramaic varieties.
		There is an opposition between voiced, voiceless and emphatic consonants* at the same point of articulation, e.g., /d/ — /t/ — /
		* Emphatic consonants are pronounced with the root of the tongue retracted, with varying degrees of pharyngealization (constriction of the pharynx) and velarization (raising of the back of the tongue toward the velum, or soft palate).
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/august/Aramaic.html (1397 words)

	Language Log: Emphatic unreduction again
		Here both the "the" and the "a" are unreduced; there are no silent pauses or overt disfluencies, but Reynolds slows down as he thinks about how to describe Lt. Smash and his blog, perhaps inhibited by the problem of internally swapping the pseudonym for the true name.
		The three phrases "huge problem", "major squeeze" and "vast exaggeration" are all reasonable candidates for being underlined, while the only one of them near a disfluency is "vast exaggeration".
		So the emphatic unreduction theory can't claim any sort clean sweep here; but the think-pause theory doesn't help at all.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/002376.html (1771 words)

	[No title]
		The vowel /i:/ is realized as [i: barred] before or after an emphatic consonant except [l], as [I:] before or after voiced uvular or pharyngeal fricatives, and as [i:] elsewhere.
		The Japanese high vowels devoice in a voiceless environment, which is defined as either between two unvoiced consonants (as in [kutsu], or between an unvoiced consonant and a word boundary (as in [hashi]).
		According to Shibatani, the Japanese consonants /ztd/ have fricative, palatalized, and affricated allophones in complementary distribution.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/pharies/lin3611.htm (6368 words)

	Hausa Writing
		CV (consonant followed by a short vowel), CVV (consonant followed by a long vowel), and CVC (syllable closed by a single consonant).
		Following is a list of all the consonant sounds of Hausa in the standard Roman orthography (in Roman alphabetical order) together with their equivalents in a fairly commonly used variety of ajami.
		A large point or dot under a consonant shows vocalization with a short e, and that dot, supplemented with a vertical stroke above the consonant shows vocalization with a long e.
	www.humnet.ucla.edu /humnet/aflang/Hausa/Pronunciation/writing.html (1167 words)

	Kijeb - FrathWiki
		An y after a consonant or cluster is realized as palatalization of the consonant, or all consonants throughout the cluster.
		Palatalization or y may occur either in the consonant(s) before the V or in the consonant(s) after the V or not at all, but not both before and after the V.
		For this reason plural emphatic pronouns take simple case markers -s, -t etc., thus the accusative of anda is andas rather than anans or andans.
	wiki.frath.net /Kijeb (1922 words)

	emphatic
		a big, emphatic man; I must be emphatic about this particular.
		It stands, like a great, stone dagger, emphatic against the sky.
		having a secondary velar articulation, as certain dental consonants in Arabic.
	www.infoplease.com /dictionary/emphatic (82 words)

	Xathmel: prepositions, pronouns, and other particles
		The emphatic forms have a general meaning something like English myself, yourself, etc. ma'ammu si sivis e-karra I myself saw the fire.
		Generally speaking they add a degree of emphasis to the noun, and e- is the more emphatic of the two.
		However, sometimes one will be preferred over the other simply because it sounds better in the context of the sentence, breaking up an unfortunate consonant cluster by the use of e- or adding a satisfying (to Xaîni ears) sibilance by the use of x-.
	www.morxa.force9.co.uk /partic.htm (500 words)

	Practica
		One syllable verbs finishing with one vowel and one consonant at the end double the final consonant
		The consonants y and w are not doubled.
		When we want to give extra emphasis to an affirmation we use the emphatic form.
	www.dcottage.com /grammar/7Dgram.htm (164 words)

	emphatic - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "emphatic" is defined.
		Phrases that include emphatic: emphatic alternative relation, emphatic consonant, emphatic consonants, emphatic forms
		Words similar to emphatic: emphasized, emphatically, exclamatory, forceful, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=emphatic (193 words)

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