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| | FRANCIA |
 | | The "Empire" came to be regarded as consisting of four crowns: (1) East Francia, or Germany, (2) Lombardy (the "Iron Crown"), or Italy, (3) Rome, and, after 1032, (4) Burgundy. |
 | | These books were originally recommended to me by Professor Norman Martin, for whom I was a teaching assistant at the University of Texas. |
 | | As neat halves of Charlemange's empire eventually formed, France in the West and Germany in the East, the stage for the greatest battles of modern war in the 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries would be set along the seam, from Nieuwpoort (1600) to Ramillies (1706), Waterloo (1815), Verdun (1916), and the Bulge (1944). |
| www.friesian.com /francia.htm (14283 words) |
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