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Topic: Empire of Austria

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	Austria. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Austria is located at the crossroads of Europe; Vienna is at the gate of the Danubian plain, and the Brenner Pass in W Austria links Germany and Italy.
		Austria captured world attention in 1986 when former UN secretary-general Kurt Waldheim was elected president despite allegations that he had been involved in atrocities as a German army staff officer in the Balkans during World War II.
		Austria was quickly ostracized by other EU nations because of the Freedom party’s participation in the government, and Haider—who had not joined the government—subsequently resigned as party leader.
	www.bartleby.com /65/au/Austria.html (3380 words)

	A short history of Austria
		In the feudal German Empire the Habsburgians become in 1278 rulers of the Duchy of Austria, one of the German counties in the East Marc.
		Rivalry between Prussia and Austria inside Germany result in 1866 in the defeat of Austria: it is forced to leave the German confederation.
		Austria is restyled in 1867 into Austria-Hungary, a double monarchy of the Empire of Austria and Kingdom of Hungary.
	www.electionworld.org /history/austria.htm (742 words)

	Austria - Article about Austria
		Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy consisting of nine federal states and is one of six European countries that have declared permanent neutral country neutrality and one of the few countries that included the concept of everlasting neutrality in their constitution.
		While northern and central Germany was the origin of the Reformation, Austria (and Bavaria) was the heart of the Counter-Reformation in the 16th and 17th century, when the absolute monarchy of Habsburg imposed a strict regime to maintain Catholicism's power and influence among Austrians.
		Austria was the cradle of numerous scientists including physicists Ludwig Boltzmann, Lise Meitner, Erwin Schrödinger, Ernst Mach, Wolfgang Pauli, Richard von Mises and Christian Doppler, philosophers Ludwig Wittgenstein and Karl Popper, biologists Gregor Mendel and Konrad Lorenz as well as mathematician Kurt Gödel.
	yawiki.org /proc/Austria (3090 words)

	Brief History of Austria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The county of Austria (properly the northern and northeastern parts of modern Austria) was formed by the Babenberg family in 976 as an autonomous fief of Otto II, founder of the Holy Roman Empire, at the same time as Carinthia (southern Austria), which then included Styria.
		Austria suffered some diplomatic snubs from fellow Europeans on this account, but as it was seen that nothing fundamental had changed in Austria's basically sensible policies, the criticism has abated.
		Austria's quarrel with Italy over the Trentino-Alto Adige region of northeastern Italy, which had been simmering since Italy annexed it after World War I, was settled amicably in 1971 through the concession of greater regional autonomy.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /history/a/Austria_brief.htm (1236 words)

	Austria Europe - Pictures, Sites and Maps
		Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status remained unclear for a decade.
		Austria, with its well-developed market economy and high standard of living, is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's.
		For 2005, Austria plans a tax cut of EURO 2.5 billion and harmonization of the various pension schemes.
	austria.europe-countries.com (2652 words)

	Austria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy consisting of nine federal states and is one of two European countries that have declared their everlasting neutrality, the other being Switzerland.
		During the 14th and 15th century Austria continued to expand its territory until it reached the position of a European superpower at the end of the 15th century until the end of the Habsburg monarchy in 1918.
		Austria has been a federal, parliamentary democracy republic since the Federal Constitution of 1920, which was again reintroduced in 1945 to the nine states of the Federal Republic.
	abcworld.net /Austria.html (3057 words)

	Austria: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — Infoplease.com
		Austria, shorn of Hungary, was proclaimed a republic in 1918, and the monarchy was dissolved in 1919.
		Margaret of Austria - Margaret of Austria Margaret of Austria, 1480–1530, Hapsburg princess, regent of the...
		Austria's Catholic revolution: in the heartland of the European church, a national assembly of Catholics is poised to endorse sweeping......
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107301.html (1332 words)

	MapZones.com : Austria Map
		Austria (in German, Österreich), officially Republic of Austria, republic in central Europe, bordered on the north by the Czech Republic; on the north-east by Slovakia; on the east by Hungary; on the south by Slovenia, Italy, and Switzerland; and on the west by Liechtenstein, Switzerland, and Germany.
		Austria is a democratic, federal republic governed according to the constitution of 1920, as amended in 1929 and subsequently modified.
		Austria was under German occupation from 1938 to 1945, and the country’s schools suffered severe restraints on their teaching programs.
	atlas.mapzones.com /austria/austria.php (2252 words)

	Austria - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Austria is located at the crossroads of Europe; Vienna is at the gate of the Danubian plain, and the Brenner Pass in W Austria links Germany and Italy.
		Austria captured world attention in 1986 when former UN secretary-general Kurt Waldheim was elected president despite allegations that he had been involved in atrocities as a German army staff officer in the Balkans during World War II.
		Austria was quickly ostracized by other EU nations because of the Freedom party's participation in the government, and Haider—who had not joined the government—subsequently resigned as party leader.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-austria.html (3518 words)

	Austria-Hungary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The "Lands" of the Transleithanian half the Empire were the Kingdoms of Hungary and of Croatia and Slavonia and the State of Rijeka.
		The disputes between halves of the empire culminated in the 1900s in a prolonged constitutional crisis triggered disagreement over the language of command in army units and deepened by the advent power in Budapest (April 1906) of a Hungarian nationalist coalition.
		The Empire had previously lost ethnically Italian to Piedmont due to nationalist movements sweeping through and the threat of losing the southern inhabited by Slavs to Serbia was felt by many Austro-Hungarians to imminent.
	www.freeglossary.com /Austria-Hungary (2659 words)

	Virtual Vienna Net: Austria's History
		Austria emerged from the Second World War and the sufferings associated with it as a state that feels secure in its existence and which plays a decisive role in Europe.
		Austria's emergence as a major power was mainly due to the brilliant military leader Prince Eugene of Savoy, who served under three emperors (Leopold I, Josef I and Karl VI) and proved to be not only an outstanding military commander but also a fine statesman.
		The establishment of the Confederation of the Rhine under the auspices of France led to the disintegration of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806.
	www.virtualvienna.net /austria/about/austria_history.html (1778 words)

	Austrian Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Austria then fought against France during the Third Coalition, and, after meeting crushing defeat at Austerlitz, agreed to the Treaty of Pressburg, which in practice meant dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, weakening Austria and reorganizing the present area of Germany under a Napoleonic imprint.
		The fall and dissolution of the Empire was accelerated by French intervention to the Holy Roman Empire in September 1805.
		The multi-national makeup of the empire is illustrated by the fact that its population included 6,500,000 Germans, 3,360,000 Czechs, 2,000,000 Walloons and Flemings, 1,000,000 Poles, 900,000 Croats, 700,000 Serbs and numerous smaller nationalities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Austrian_Empire (1335 words)

	The Genealogy Forum: Resource Center: Researching in the Austrian Empire
		Austria was once an area occupied by the tribes of the Danubian and Celts cultures.
		The Austro-Hungarian Empire was born with its governments in Vienna and Budapest.
		For the Austro-Hungarian Empire the Gazetteer to use is the Gazetteer of the Crownlands and Territories represented in the Imperial Council.
	www.genealogyforum.com /gfaol/resource/German/Austrian.htm (973 words)

	Austrian Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Austria then fought against France during the Third Coalition, and, after meeting crushing defeat at Austerlitz, agreed to the Treaty of Pressburg, which in practice meant dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, weakening Austria and reorganizing Germany under a Napoleonic imprint.
		The Austrian Empire had not originally included the Kingdom of Hungary, and its extensive dependent territories, which the Habsburgs had ruled since 1541; Hungary was incorporated after the defeat of the Hungarian war of independence of 1848-49.
		Archduke Charles of Austria served as the Head of the Council of War and Commander in Chief of the Austrian army.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Austrian_Empire (1349 words)

	Austria 1815-52
		However, the coming decades would result in great troubles for Austria as they competed with Prussia for dominance in the German states, tried to gain ground in Italy and continued to press for influence against their ancient enemy in the Balkans, the Turks.
		While Austria was committed to a Throne and Altar form of government, it tried to accommodate the new changes in industry and government.
		Austria had dominated the German states for centuries first through the Holy Roman Empire and later the German Confederation.
	www.pvchico.org /~bsilva/projects/germany/austria/ausessy.html (830 words)

	Austria - RISE OF THE HABSBURG EMPIRE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Although the Duchy of Austria was just one of the duchies and lands that the Habsburgs eventually acquired in the eastern Alpine-Danubian region, the Habsburgs became known as the House of Austria after the Swiss peasantry ousted them from their original family seat in Habichtsburg in the Swiss canton of Aargau in 1386.
		In contrast, the Holy Roman Empire was a defined political and territorial entity that became identified with the German nation as the nation-state assumed greater importance in European politics.
		This was because the Holy Roman Empire was a loosely organized feudal state in which the power of the emperor was counterbalanced by the rights and privileges of the empire's other princes, lords, and institutions, both secular and ecclesiastical.
	countrystudies.us /austria/7.htm (497 words)

	Info Austria
		Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy consisting of nine federal states and is one of six European countries that have declared permanent neutrality and one of the few countries that included the concept of everlasting neutrality in their constitution.
		Being part of the Holy Roman Empire the Babenbergs ruled and expanded Austria from the 10th century to the 13th century.
		Austria was the cradle of numerous scientists including physicists Ludwig Boltzmann, Lise Meitner, Erwin Schrödinger, Ernst Mach, Wolfgang Pauli, Richard von Mises, Victor Franz Hess and Christian Doppler, philosophers Ludwig Wittgenstein and Karl Popper, biologists Gregor Mendel and Konrad Lorenz as well as mathematician Kurt Gödel.
	info-austria.com (3652 words)

	Austria - Gurupedia
		The Republic of Austria is a landlocked country in Central Europe, a federation of nine states.
		Austria is bordered by Liechtenstein and Switzerland on the west, Italy and Slovenia on the south, Hungary and Slovakia on the east, and Germany and the Czech Republic on the north.
		The empire was split into several independent states after the defeat of the Central Powers in World War I, leading to Austria as it is today.
	www.gurupedia.com /a/au/austria.htm (1083 words)

	Austria-Hungary information - Search.com
		The disputes between the halves of the empire culminated in the mid-1900s in a prolonged constitutional crisis — triggered by disagreement over the language of command in Hungarian army units, and deepened by the advent to power in Budapest (April 1906) of a Hungarian nationalist coalition.
		The Empire annexed this territory in October 1908 as a common holding under the control of the finance ministry rather than attaching it to either territorial government.
		In Austria and Hungary, separate republics were declared at the end of the war in November.
	www.search.com /reference/Austria-Hungary (4039 words)

	Is the EU an Attempt to Revive the Holy Roman Empire? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation traced its origins back to the time of Charlemagne (Karl Der Grosse in German), crowned by the pope on Dec. 25, A.D. It ended with Napoleon's victory at the Battle of Austerlitz, the Battle of the Three Emperors, when the empires of Russia and Austria were defeated.
		What made the empire unique was the fact that the various parts of the empire had a different connection to the center, to the emperor himself.
		Whereas the Roman Empire, foreseen by Daniel almost six centuries before the time of Jesus Christ, was described as a "beast" in Daniel 7, Revelation describes the church as "the image of the beast" (Revelation 13:15).
	www.ucgstp.org /bureau/wnp/wnp0076/romanempire.htm (1985 words)

	AUSTRIA - HUNGARY
		The empire lay in the Danube Basin, inhabited by German-speaking Austrians in the west and by Magyars in the broad Hungarian plain to the east.
		Austria began as a frontier land of Charlemagne's empire and rose to be the chief German state, ruling many neighboring peoples.
		As far as Austria was concerned, the powers accepted the Pragmatic Sanction; and Frederick the Great ratified the election of Maria Theresa's consort, Francis I of Lorraine, as Holy Roman emperor.
	horsecare.stablemade.com /_articles/austria-hungary.htm (1194 words)

	World InfoZone - Austria Facts
		In the sixteenth century the Austrian Empire included Austria, Belgium, Czecho-slovakia, Hungary, the Netherlands, Spain, Spanish American colonies and parts of Italy and former Yugoslavia.
		Marie-Antoinette, the wife of France's King Louis XVI, was the daughter of Marie Theresa the Hapsburg ruler of Austria.
		Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, the composer, was born in Salzburg in 1756.
	www.worldinfozone.com /facts.php?country=Austria (498 words)

	The Habsburg Dynasty - History
		Austria was left with control of the German Confederation but suffered upheaval during the 1848 revolutions and eventual defeat in the 1866 Austro-Prussian War.
		At the conclusion of the war, the shrunken Republic of Austria was created and was forced to recognise the independent states of Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary and Yugoslavia which, along with Romania and Bulgaria, had previously been under control of the Habsburgs.
		For its troubles, Austria was bombed heavily in WW II and by 1945 it had been restored to its 1937 frontiers by the victorious Allies.
	www.geocities.com /Vienna/1605/habsburg.htm (841 words)

	Austria 1815-52
		However, the coming decades would result in great troubles for Austria as they competed with Prussia for dominance in the German states, tried to gain ground in Italy and continued to press for influence against their ancient enemy in the Balkans, the Turks.
		While Austria was committed to a Throne and Altar form of government, it tried to accommodate the new changes in industry and government.
		Austria had dominated the German states for centuries first through the Holy Roman Empire and later the German Confederation.
	www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us /~bsilva/projects/germany/austria/ausessy.html (830 words)

	The Doomed Empire -The creation of Austria and Hungary
		With Austria and Hungary united, but still retaining their own individual constitutional structures, it was inevitable that the subjugated peoples within the borders of the Empire, particularly in Eastern Europe, would start agitating for similar independence, imitating the arrangement between Austria and Hungary.
		The continual instability within Austria provided the opportunity for which the Austrian-born Hitler had been searching: in 1938, German troops entered Austria and the country was annexed to Germany under a regional government set up by the Austrian Nazi Party, with the region becoming known under its original name, the Ostmark.
		Austria also maintained a very high degree of racial homogeneity through all these events - the major factor contributing to her ability to survive.
	www.white-history.com /hwr39ii.htm (2095 words)

	[No title]
		Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the dominant theme of Austrian history was the confrontation with the Ottoman Empire, whose vast armies twice laid siege to Vienna.
		In 1938 Austria succumbed to the inexorable pressures of Hitler's Germany and internal instability.
		With the help of the Allied Powers, Austria was revived as a Republic in 1945 but remained occupied by the armies of France, Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States until 1955, when the Austrian State Treaty was signed.
	www.austria-cafe.com /history.htm (867 words)

	German Genealogy: Habsburg Empire
		Over the next century, there were additions to the Empire, as for example when in 1846 when the city of Cracow participated in the Polish Revolution and the Empire took the opportunity to annex the city and surrounding area to Galicia.
		In 1878, the Empire was given the right to occupy the duchies of Bosnia and Hercegovina, even though they were nominally still under the control of the Ottoman Empire.
		Austria had become a much smaller nation consisting only of Carinthia, Carniola, Lower Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol, Upper Austria and Vorarlberg and not all of these in their entirety.
	www.genealogy-net.de /reg/AUT/aut-hun.html (1999 words)

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