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	Empire of Nicaea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Empire of Nicaea was the largest of the Byzantine Greek states founded by the nobility of the Byzantine Empire after Constantinople was conquered during the Fourth Crusade.
		The Latin Empire, Empire of Nicaea, Empire of Trebizond, and the Despotate of Epirus.
		The Latin Empire, which was established by the Crusaders in Constantinople, had poor control over former Byzantine territory, and Byzantine successor states sprang up in Epirus and Trebizond as well as Nicaea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Empire_of_Nicea (728 words)

	What occurred at the Council of Nicea?
		The Council of Nicea affirmed the deity of Jesus Christ and established an official definition of the Trinity - the deity of The Father, Son, and Holy Spirit under one Godhead, having three co-equal and co-eternal Persona.
		Constantine, a converted Christian (debatably), called for a council meeting to be held in Nicea with the bishops of the Christian church to resolve escalating quarrels and controversy mounting to a bitter degree of disunity amongst the church leadership and congregates concerning theological issues.
		The Council of Nicea, led by Emperor Constantine, was the meeting to settle differences, to become like-minded, all to the glory of Christ.
	www.gotquestions.org /council-of-Nicea.html (761 words)

	İznik - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		141.) When the last mentioned city became the capital of the Eastern Empire, Nicaea did not lose in importance; for its present walls, which were erected during the last period of the Empire, enclose a much greater space than that ascribed to the place in the time of Strabo.
		However it was Nicaea that formed the core of the successor Byzantine Empire after Theodore Lascaris (who became Theodore I) founded the Empire of Nicaea (Western Asia Minor) there.
		In 1331, the city was finally conquered and incorporated with the Ottoman Empire by Orchan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nicaea (1518 words)

	The Road to Nicea, and Beyond
		The Council of Nicea was perceived as the capstone of an insidious process that led to 1260 years of persecution on the true disciples of Christ.
		The Council of Nicea, soon to be reckoned the first "ecumenical" or world council because of the range of representation there, was attended by about 220 bishops, almost all Greek.
		In spite of Nicea’s political overtones and its associations with Easter in many minds, it is good to remember the implied wisdom of the book of Esther — though God’s name is not mentioned, the Almighty is working skillfully through the political intrigue to bring about his ends.
	www.wcg.org /lit/church/history/roadnicea.htm (2742 words)

	Eastern Orthodox Church - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Separating the narthex from the nave are the Royal Doors (from the time of the Byzantine Empire, when the emperor would enter the main body of Hagia Sophia, the Church of holy Wisdom, through these doors and proceed up to the altar to partake of the Eucharist).
		The first of the Seven Ecumenical Councils was that convoked by the Roman Emperor Constantine at Nicea in 325, condemning the view of Arius that the Son is a created being inferior to the Father.
		In 1453, the Byzantine Empire fell to the Ottoman Empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy (11607 words)

	The Varangian Guard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In its dying days the Roman Empire gave birth to a successor which was to surpass it in both brilliance and longevity.
		The Byzantines inhereted the Empire of Rome and the culture of ancient Greece.
		A Crusader "Empire" based on Constantinople survived till 1261, when it was overthrown by the Imperial family returning from exile in Nicea.
	users.bigpond.net.au /quarfwa/Miklagard/period/empire.htm (488 words)

	Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In Japan a ruler in Yamato court was called "Tenno" (usually translated as emperor), although Japan is usually not considered an "empire" in the traditional sense of the word except during the brief period of the Meiji, Taisho and early Showa emperors.
		Korean Empire (Gojong, 1897 - 1907 and Sunjong, 1907 - 1919)
		Although not an Empire in the traditional sense of a large state with a large culturally diverse population, the Ethiopian monarchy (fell 1974) referred to it's monarchs as Emperors.
	www.aseannewsnetwork.de /articles/content/e/em/emperor.html (656 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: First Council of Nicaea
		Several bishops from outside the Roman Empire (e.g., from Persia) came to the Council.
		In order to expedite the assembling of the Council, the emperor placed at the disposal of the bishops the public conveyances and posts of the empire; moreover, while the Council lasted he provided abundantly for the maintenance of the members.
		Several days later the emperor commanded that a final session should be held, at which he assisted in order to exhort the bishops to work for the maintenance of peace; he commended himself to their prayers, and authorized the fathers to return to their dioceses.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11044a.htm (1825 words)

	Greece: Historical outline
		After the death of Emperor Theodosius in 395, the Roman Empire was shared between his two sons and Constantinople became the capital city of the Eastern Roman Empire.
		Feudal states such as the Latin Empire of Constantinople, the Kingdom of Thessaloniki and the Principality of Achaia, were founded.
		Greece was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire and remained under Turkish rule until the beginning of the XIXth century.
	flagspot.net /flags/gr_chron.html (1046 words)

	Iznik (Nicea), Turkey
		The Council of Nicea was the first ecumenical (worldwide) council of the church and the first of Seven Ecumenical Councils recognized by most Christian denominations as having doctrinal authority.
		Another important council was held at Nicea in 787 to deal with the iconoclastic controversy (the dispute over whether the use of icons was appropriate or constituted idolatry).
		Nicea was besieged and conquered in 1331 by the Ottoman Turks, who built the Green Mosque (1378–91).
	www.sacred-destinations.com /turkey/nicea-iznik.htm (1046 words)

	The Walls of Nicaea
		What was typical of the ancient empire was the ability to play one against the other the powers which threatened the Byzantines.
		The emperor Constantine VI favoured the worship of images, but was confronted with the fact that the iconoclasts prevailed in Constantinople; he then decided to hold the council in Nicaea where the iconoclasts could not influence the bishops and he could exert his own direct influence.
		The Ottomans were vassals of the Seljuk emir of Kastamonu and they had been settled by the latter near the border with the Byzantine empire so that their raids in search of booty would not affect his possessions.
	members.tripod.com /romeartlover/Nicea.html (1502 words)

	- The Byzantine Empire II (Nicea) - 1204 - 1268: The Nicean Empire \| All Empires
		In 1204 the Byzantines witness some of the darkest hours in history when the Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire, was captured and looted by Westerners during the Fourth Crusade.
		But by far the most important state, the one that would later restore the Byzantine Empire, was the Empire of Nicea, located in western Asia Minor.
		Under John Vatatze, the seat of government was moved from Nicea to Nymphaeum, although the Nicea was to remain as the actual capital where the imperial coronations took place.
	www.allempires.com /article/index.php?q=The_Nicean_Empire (1417 words)

	Probe Ministries - The Council of Nicea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		He believed that God should be appeased with correct worship, and he encouraged the idea among Christians that he "served their God."{6} It seems that Constantine's involvement with the church centered on his hope that it could become a source of unity for the troubled empire.
		Emperors Constantius II and Julian banished Athanasius and imposed Arianism on the empire.
		Finally, the bishops who attended the Council of Nicea were far too independent and toughened by persecution and martyrdom to give in so easily to a doctrine they didn't agree with.
	www.probe.org /content/view/790/91 (2337 words)

	Iznik (Nicaea) - All About Turkey
		It was an important city of the Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman empires.
		Constantine banished them from the empire, while the other bishops went on to celebrate their unity in a great feast at the imperial palace.
		Nicea, nevertheless, marked the beginning of the end of the concepts of both preexistence, reincarnation, and salvation through union with God in Christian doctrine.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /iznik.htm (1263 words)

	Part III - The Nicene Age: Lesson No. 13 - The Council of Nicea
		With the accession of Constantine to full and supreme power in the Roman Empire in the early Fourth Century, the Church came under complete imperial favor and influence.
		Though in one sense the Church had triumphed in that it had adhered to the basic tenets of the gospel despite the fierce persecutions it faced, it was in another sense a long, tragic defeat for her to be so closely aligned with the state.
		The Empire was one legally, and it would also be one religiously, the Church replacing the defeated pagan religions as the state religion.
	www.bible.ca /history/eubanks/history-eubanks-13.htm (1093 words)

	Shroom Wizard "Mushroom Travel Agent -"
		Emperor Constantine noticed that the people within the Roman Empire were fighting amongst each other because of this collection of various religious beliefs within the empire, so he came up with what he considered a brilliant idea.
		Emperor Constantine banished both of them from the empire, while the other bishops went on to celebrate their unity in a great feast at the imperial palace.
		We are told in the Gospels that the Messiah (Jesus) spoke with a Greek woman and cast out a demon from her daughter (Mark 7:26), and that he healed the son of a Roman centurion (Matthew 8:8).
	www.shroomwizard.com /666.htm (2173 words)

	Byzantine Heraldry
		The Crusaders have used the double-headed eagle as symbol of the empire, although the arms of the empire itself were: Gules, a cross between four crosslets or inscribed in an annulet each and between four crosslets each, all or.
		Even after the restoration of the empire and the Paleologue emperors, the eagle is still used by the imperial family but not the emperor.
		Thus the eagle was probably never thought of as a charge, which explains the tradition of the former imperial families (as well as states such as Serbia) of placing their arms on an escutcheon on the breast of the eagle.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/national/byzantin.htm (1067 words)

	The Council of Nicea and the Trinitarian Orgin of the Trinity
		The Council of Nicea and the Trinitarian Orgin of the Trinity
		The eastern rivers were flooded with the rains of a late spring, and though the empire, stretching from Britain to the borders of Persia, was nominally at peace, there were marauding soldiers and bandits along the roads.
		In this hall, early in the morning of Ascension Sunday, while a mist was floating on the lake, the bishops awaited the arrival of the emperor.
	www.thunderministries.com /history/Nicea.html (5118 words)

	[No title]
		From 513 AD onwards the Bulgarian raids against the European possessions of the empire became annual, but from 540 AD a basically new feature became apparent: the Bulgarians were no longer satisfied whit only looting and taking away the population from the rural areas, but adopted besiege techniques and started conquering the forts, too.
		The Avars built an empire in the area between the Adriatic and the Baltic Sea and between the Elbe and Dnieper rivers.
		While the Bulgars had thus deprived the empire of control in the north and central Balkans, the Romans were lucky to have them as neighbors.
	courses.wcupa.edu /rbove/eco343/050Compecon/Centeur/Bulgaria/BulgariaHistory.txt (22991 words)

	A short history of Greece
		After the division of the Roman Empire (the West- and the East-Roman Empire) in 395, Greece becomes the centre of the East Roman Empire.
		The East Roman Empire revives in 1261 after the occupation by the Latin Empire of Nicea (one of the succeeding states of the old Empire) of Constantinopel.
		The East Roman Empire is incorporated in 1453 into the Ottoman Empire.
	www.electionworld.org /history/greece.htm (1095 words)

	Council of Nicea
		The Council of Nicea met in 325 A.D, assembled at the command of the Roman Emperor Constantine, and met to address the heresies of a man whose name was Arius.
		The Council of Nicea did NOT actually make the original decision about which books were to be part of the Bible.
		It was flourishing so much that in dozens of places of the Roman Empire, Christians were building underground cities called catacombs...in order to survive the persecutions that Satan was inspiring and directing through the Roman Emperors.
	www.exorthodoxforchrist.com /council_of_nicea.htm (915 words)

	RG 10 Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Nevertheless, his reforms were successful enough that the empire and the authority of the emperor survived intact.
		This vast empire was one large trading area, and an empire in which all men and women, whatever their nationality could be Roman citizens.
		After Constantinople, the Empire was once again divided, this time into an Eastern Roman Empire with Constantinope as its capital (this part of the Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire) and the Western Roman Empire.
	www.loyno.edu /~anderson/122rg10.htm (652 words)

	Road Scholars - Features news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The crusaders had settled in Constantinople and the empire was divided into small, weak countries that were constantly at war.
		Nicea and Epirus were the most prominent of these.
		He besieged Constantinople, made an alliance with the Latin Empire and Nicea and rejected a union with the Pope.
	www.sofiaecho.com /article/road-scholars/id_2501/catid_29 (847 words)

	2/22/04 Sermon: "Nicea" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Nicea was the site of Constantine’s seaside palace, and Constantine invited all the bishops throughout the empire to attend.
		Dan Brown’s Teabing claimed that “Jesus’ establishment as ‘the Son of God’ was officially proposed and voted on by the Council of Nicea,” and that Jesus was considered only a mortal prophet before the vote.
		Christianity at Nicea made a major step, moving from having been oppressed to becoming an oppressor, as it aligned itself with worldly power in order to get power.
	www.tjuc.org /sermons/Nicea.html (5480 words)

	Unit 3: Background
		The pomp of the imperial court was never more ostentatious; the provinces were neglected...[the provincial aristocrats became more powerful and less reliable in their loyalty to the central government in Constantinople] In 1091 a new, more vigorous dynasty was inaugurated by the emperor Alexius Comnenus (1081-1118).
		During the third decade of the eleventh century, the Seljuk princes became masters of the eastern provinces of the caliphate, and in 1055 a grandson of Seljuk seized Baghdad and was solemnly proclaimed sultan by the caliph [caliph=leader of the Islamic empire, in Baghdad].
		The loss was devastating because the provinces that had fallen to the Turks had been among the richest of the empire and especially valuable as a source of military manpower.
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /courses/hist100.81/crusade.html (1126 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		After the partitioning of the Carolingian empire in 817, the duchy of Bavaria was given to Louis the Pious and then to his son Louis the German, king of the East Franks.
		The last Warden ancestor to hold the title of Emporer of the Byzantine Empire and Nicea was Theodorus I (b 1175), whose daughter Maria Laskarina, (b a 1206) married Bela IV (b 1206), King of Hungary.
		Meanwhile, internal dissension and the rise of the Almohads, a new Muslim sect in Morocco, led to the disintegration of the Almoravid empire.
	www.newchester.com /Genealogy/Stories.htm (16428 words)

	The Council of Nicea
		The eastern rivers were flooded with the rains of a latespring, and though the empire, stretching from Britain to the borders ofPersia, was nominally at peace, there were marauding soldiers and banditsalong the roads.
		Then there was John, bishop of Persia, from landsoutside the empire, and from the unknown north came Theophilus the Goth,a flaxen-haired Scythian from somewhere in Russia.
		Inthis hall, early in the morning of Ascension Sunday, while a mist was floatingon the lake, the bishops awaited the arrival of the emperor.
	www.apostolics.net /Nicea.html (4978 words)

	The Harvest Herald Journal: November 2003
		The banishment of paganism from the empire was likewise a political move; it hardly seems reasonable to me that the language given to us in scripture would be used to describe these events.
		Theodosius decided that a unified empire and unified Christianity (which by this time was already splitting between east and west) could only be accomplished by crushing Arianism once and for all.
		Historically however, the correlation between the acceptance of trinity doctrine at this council, and the rapid decay and judgment upon the empire which quickly followed seems like too much to be deemed 'coincidence'.
	www.harvestherald.com /2003_11_01_archive.html (3731 words)

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