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Topic: Empirical research

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	EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
		Empirical research is important to the software engineering field because the results of such research both help to characterize the technical problems with which the field is concerned and evaluate new techniques in a relevant context.
		Empirical research can be defined as analysis based on the observation of actual practice for the purpose of discovering the unknown or testing a hypothesis.
		Research impedes progress and is somewhat invasive, tending to increase rather than decrease time to market, at least in the short term.
	www.cs.virginia.edu /empirical-research-workshop/report.html (6666 words)

	Empirical research - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Empirical research is any research that bases its findings on direct or indirect observation as its test of reality.
		The researcher attempts to describe accurately the interaction between the instrument (or the human senses) and the entity being observed.
		The main distinguishing characteristics of scientific research are purposiveness, rigor, testability, reproducibility, precision and confidence, objectivity, generalisability, and parsimony.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Empirical_research (235 words)

	Empirical Research - Tutorial - Mississippi State University Libraries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Empirical research is at the core of many fields of study.
		Empirical research often defines relationships, demonstrates cause and effect and sparks our own minds to begin thinking of other possibilities to be tested and studied.
		Because empirical research is so important to so many fields, it is essential that researchers have the skills necessary to locate empirical research articles on their topics of study.
	library.msstate.edu /li/tutorial/empirical/index.asp (1043 words)

	Taran Grant: Research
		Empirical Research: The central goal of my empirical research is to discover, document, and explain the diversity of amphibians, including their taxonomic, genomic, biochemical, behavioral, anatomical, ecological, and biogeographic diversity.
		My empirical studies are also hypothesis-driven, often resulting in the discovery of new species, novel morphological structures, complex behaviors, or previously unrecognized clades—all of which provide insight into the phylogenetic diversification of amphibians and suggest new directions for research.
		My NSF-funded doctoral research into their phylogeny brought together evidence from DNA sequences multiple mitochondrial and nuclear, morphology, alkaloid profiles, and behavior (174 characters) for a large sample of dendrobatid species (Grant et al., 2006).
	research.amnh.org /~grant/research.html (699 words)

	Center for Empirical Research in the Law : Home : Introduction
		The Center for Empirical Research in the Law supports application of sophisticated empirical methodology to legal studies research.
		Housed in Washington University's Law School, CERL provides research infrastructure to affiliated projects and supports the research activities of faculty and students throughout the university.
		The Workshop on Empirical Research in the Law (WERL) is a group of WashU legal and social science scholars who work together to enhance group members' use of empirical methods in legal studies and of legal materials in social science work.
	cerl.wustl.edu (129 words)

	Experimental Studies in Empirical Software Engineering
		This science, he wrote, is largely an empirical one, since the measure of its correctness is found in its power of prediction and construction in the real world of software development, not in its elegance and logical cohesion.
		Empirical research can be defined as research based on the observation to discover an unknown or test a hypothesis [5].
		The empirical approach offered the prospect of building a science of construction underneath the existing paradigms of software engineering, which would enable practitioners to determine what is possible and what is not, given the current state of technology.
	www.acm.org /crossroads/xrds7-4/empirical.html (5318 words)

	UCL Laws : Socio-Legal Centre - Inquiry on Empirical Research In Law
		Rigorous empirical research of law and the institutions of law as they operate is needed to underpin many areas of legal policy.
		Empirical research evidence on tribunals is patchy and some of it quite old, and yet recently there has been difficulty in finding skilled researchers with the time to undertake such research.
		Research on capacity issues in other jurisdictions that will identify similarities with and differences from the UK situation and suggest whether there are lessons that can be learned.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /laws/socio-legal/empirical/index.shtml?about (1060 words)

	Some Key Concepts for the Design and Review of Empirical Research.
		This Digest, intended as an instructional aid for beginning research students and a refresher for researchers in the field, identifies key factors that could play a critical role in determining the credibility that should be given to a specific research study.
		The need for empirical research, randomization and control, and significance testing are discussed, and seven review criteria are proposed.
		In experimental settings, the benefit of all of these procedures is to reduce unexplained within-group variation and, thereby, both increase the likelihood of detecting an effect (i.e., increase power) and reduce the uncertainty associated with the magnitude of an effect (i.e., decrease the width of confidence intervals).
	www.ericdigests.org /2003-4/empirical-research.html (1489 words)

	Empirical Research
		Theoretical articles are written to advance theory and they may include both empirical research and review of research in order to elaborate the theoretical position.
		Empirical research articles are usually substantial (more than 1 or 2 pages) and include a bibliography or cited references section (usually at the end of the article).
		Empirical research articles are published in scholarly or academic journals.
	www.anselm.edu /library/empirical.html (410 words)

	#5 - Empirical Research Posts
		The research will be performed on the patients that enter the dental hygiene clinic at the technical school that have an interest in bleaching their teeth.
		The research that I will do will be to research the enamel and composition thereof and actually under direction of a Dentist and permission from my institution of higher learning, I will bleach teeth on a group of patients that have an array of teeth shades.
		Also, if the researcher had indicated that the questioners would be informed of the results, he/she could now print address labels from the same database information by merging the name, address, city, state, and zip into an address label merge form in order to mail the questioners the results.
	www.uwsp.edu /education/wkirby/research/5EmpiricialResearchPosts.htm (19653 words)

	ACPE Research Network Awards
		Research by a student should be conducted in relation to his or her educational goals in CPE or Supervisory Education.
		The researcher should be able to articulate the value of a research project for his or her own learning about the practice of research.
		Research by a Supervisor, Associate Supervisor, Supervisor in Training, or advanced student should be conducted in relation to his or her professional, educational, or training goals.
	www.acperesearch.net /Awards.html (1023 words)

	T&L: The Research
		Thus, in trying to understand the relationship of time to learning, researchers narrow their focus yet again, this time honing in on that portion of the period when students are both in class and participating in instructional activities.
		Researchers' propensity to look primarily or exclusively at the total amount of school time persists, in part, because quantity is easier to identify and measure than is quality; (10) measuring engaged time and academic learning time, by comparison, requires systematic and, to some extent, subjective judgments about how time is used.
		As one researcher suggests, students make their own decisions about how they will allocate their time and effort to learning tasks, (42) and students who are highly motivated to learn will do so.
	www.wested.org /wested/papers/timeandlearning/3_research.html (3444 words)

	POLS 765 Lecture Notes
		Empirical research is characterized by its focus on what "is" and "why," based on actual or objective observations.
		Empirical research typically does not address whether what is should be that way, or whether observable reality is good or bad.
		All systematic research ought to be transmissible and generalizable to maximize its contribution to the scientific community as a whole.
	www.usd.edu /~rbraunst/research/empirical_inquiry.htm (296 words)

	Untitled Document
		While this course is focused on empirical research, there is often a normative orientation to the questions we ask as political scientists as well as normative implications of our findings.
		Empirical research is used to acquire scientific knowledge of what is, what might be in the future and why.
		In fact, values are very important at initial stages of research where the researcher must draw upon their insights, observations and even their sense of what ought to be when selecting topics or how those topics ought to be framed in their larger contexts.
	www.usd.edu /~rbraunst/research/empirical_v_normative.htm (539 words)

	Review -- Reading Empirical Research Studies: The Rhetoric of Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The editors go to great lengths to puncture such myths by presenting research which reaches conclusions that are surprising and compelling and that runs counter to intuitive, impressionistic, or unexamined expectations.
		A further goal of this book is to "cultivate new attitudes toward empirical research" by encouraging the reader to appreciate "the rhetorical tradition that informs the production and critical reading of empirical studies," and to see scientific researchers as practicing rhetoricians.
		The reflections are valuable for novices who might believe that research has some fixed, authoritative quality, or that research is conducted in the linear manner in which it is reported.
	jac.gsu.edu /jac/13.2/reviews/6.htm (1309 words)

	Research Vs Non-Research Articles
		Research articles should include a method section, which typically includes description of the participants, the instruments or tools used, and the procedures followed in the study.
		Research articles typically end with a discussion section where the researcher presents the implications of the findings and makes suggestions for future research.
		Research articles should not be columns giving advice or explaining how to carry out some task.
	www.southalabama.edu /oll/research.html (341 words)

	In Defense of Empirical Research
		In Defense of Empirical Research: A Feminist Response to a Feminist Critique
		When researchers realized that the gender-stereotyped traits were separate not only from biological sex, but also from gender identity, the names of the scales assessing these traits were changed to reflect this new understanding.
		Even more importantly, empirical research does not support the notion that communion is central to a woman's selfconcept, and that agency is central to a man's selfconcept.
	www.columbia.edu /~hc137/prs/v4n1/v4n1!3.htm (1761 words)

	Case Study Research Methods for Firm and Market Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The researcher makes clear the phenomenon which is being studied and how it relates to the context of the firm, firms, or industry in which it is studied.
		Further, if the researcher takes a cue from "mainstream" economic research and has a strong theoretical basis for the behavioral constructs being investigated as the phenomenon, then there is more latitude for generalizing results across other contexts in which the theory has been tested.
		It is important for researchers that wish to do this type of research into the structural changes in the agri-food sector to jointly "set the bar" high enough that studies adhere to methodological rigor.
	www.ag.uiuc.edu /famc/program98/wstgrn.htm (4399 words)

	Empirical Legal Studies
		Empirical researchers are taught early on to beware of selection bias -- drawing incorrect inferences from data which are nonrandomly sampled from a population.
		Empirical research too may benefit from the passionate involvement of the researcher in a topic, even when involvement reflects not only value commitments but also strong a priori views about the state of the empirical world.
		The Empirical Legal Studies Blog is pleased to announce the addition of Carolyn Shapiro, an Assistant Professor of Law at the Chicago-Kent College of Law, as a permanent editor.
	www.elsblog.org (11952 words)

	Preparation for the real business world: empirical research in the MBA finance curriculum College Student Journal - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		We believe that in order to be successful managers, MBA graduates need to understand the empirical research process as well as the intricacies of finance, such as the risk/return relationship and the factors that affect firm profitability.
		A positive experience with empirical research, whether it is at the graduate or undergraduate level, will help students to discover the joy in knowledge discovery.
		Although the literature on the inclusion of empirical research projects in the graduate business curriculum is rather sparse, there has been research done on the topic in other disciplines.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FCR/is_2_39/ai_n14703162 (852 words)

	From Search to Research - Dr. Alex Liu
		With some doubts on the empirical social research practice, I still moved on to learn more of empirical social research, but my focus was on statistical techniques and computing tools for data analysis since I thought they will always be useful anyway.
		In practice, I participated in the 1989 Beijing pro-democracy movement and got elected to be the founding president of the Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars in USA after returned from China.
		As for the researches scientific and capable to generate actionable knowledge, the ones I am interested, I think interdisciplinary approach is necessary, but is difficult to implement under current research establishment.
	www.researchmethods.org /modeling-m-1.htm (1681 words)

	Unlock Research \| Research Textbook of the Month
		For example, it is made clear from the outset that hypotheses are rarely used in qualitative research and that in such studies research objectives often emerge (or are redefined) as a concurrent part of data collection.
		Second, the authors hold that although the paradigmatic assumptions underlying quantitative and qualitative research traditions may be profoundly different, the demands for writing truthful, transparent, and economical prose are not.
		Thus, they regard it as appropriate (for teaching novices) to begin with guidance for one form of research and then move on to demands and guides that are particular to the other.
	www.unlockresearch.com /content/article/2/44/0/1 (1252 words)

	Research > Sanjeev's Home Page
		In this study we have attempted to fill the gap and empirically analyzed impact of OSS adoption on IT expenditure in firms.
		While researchers have noted the increase in BPO since the 2000 timeframe, there is limited work on the implications of BPO for firms.
		We extend previous research to understand the relationship between organization characteristics and adoption and benefits of the emerging practice of onshore and offshore BPO.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~sankum/research.htm (1493 words)

	IQ empirical research
		The empirical research and studies have some contradictory conclusions, whereas in studies with identical twins a correlation of 80-85% is reached, for other types of kin relations, decreases to a 30%.
		Once the data of the sample studies of the empirical research is available it will be possible to analyze the correlation between the explanatory variables defined by the model with the explained ones.
		Surely, when the model of this empirical research is well established with a bigger sample, the parameters' values will begin to be useful.
	www.molwick.com /en/evolution/060-empirical-research.html (838 words)

	Empirical Legal Studies
		Empirical Legal Studies is comprised of the body of scholarly research in this field, the methods employed to conduct this research, and the application of this research.
		The Empirical Legal Studies Blog is a resource for keeping up-to-date with the latest developments in Empirical Legal Studies.
		The Center for Empirical Research in the Law, Washington University in St. Louis School of Law, is sponsoring a workshop on February 9-11, 2007.
	www.ll.georgetown.edu /guides/EmpiricalLegalStudies.cfm (763 words)

	Empirical ID research - ResearchID.org
		A researcher studying fluid dynamics in the brain also sees the advantages of design perspectives in biological investigation, especially reverse engineering and principles of fluid dynamics, which were developed to produce better machines and pumps.
		Empirically exploring the correlations between habitability and discoverability has been a very successful research project for Guillermo Gonzalez and Jay Richards.
		This research has broken new ground in the fields of astrobiology and astrophysics, by grappling with an understanding of what type of environment will aid an intelligent race in becoming scientifically and technologically advanced.
	www.researchintelligentdesign.org /wiki/Empirical_ID_research (1744 words)

	Empirical Research Group \| Centers & Programs \| UCLA Law
		The Empirical Research Group (ERG) is a methodology-oriented research center at the UCLA School of Law.
		It specializes in the design and execution of quantitative research in law and public policy, and enables the law faculty to include robust empirical analysis in their legal scholarship.
		In addition to faculty scholarship, ERG trains research assistants in empirical methods such as sampling, data collection and statistics, and works closely with law students who conduct their own empirical research.
	www.law.ucla.edu /erg (193 words)

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