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Topic: Empirical validation

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	Empirical Validation ...
		External validity was explored in two dimensions: the range of behaviors and reference modes that the theory is capable of explaining, and the variety of service settings that can accurately be captured by the proposed structure.
		Although construct validity and internal validity are prerequisites to external validity, without addressing the issues of external validity it is impossible to make the generalizability claim, and, therefore, it is quite difficult for `generic structures' to become part of mainstream management theory.
		Although the validation strategy was developed with the idea of testing a preexisting theory in a real world situation, the same strategy could be used to test dynamic hypotheses in a traditional system dynamics intervention.
	web.mit.edu /jsterman/www/RO1.html (2204 words)

	Empirical Metaphysics and Physics: Common Conceptual Foundations by Leon James
		Thus some aspects of Einstein's theory of relativity are validated by an experiment on the speed of light (special consensus), which in turn is validated by the displacement of a needle on an instrument (ordinary consensus).
		I use "routine social validation" in the definitional statement because I mean to exclude cases of successful validation that are extraordinary, such as the account of Jehovah revealing Himself contemporaneously to both Moses and Aaron, or to both David and Samuel.
		The accounts in empirical metaphysics need not, and cannot, concern themselves with people as they might be, or the reasons they are as they are (such as "in the image of" or "by the Grace of" God, the latter being an entity not describable within the account).
	www.soc.hawaii.edu /leonj/499ss99/pun/empirical.html (6154 words)

	AP Central - Exam Validation
		To check the validity of such decisions, studies are conducted in which the AP Exam is administered to students taking the college courses in question.
		If the AP Exams have validity with respect to subsequent college achievement, it might be expected that students who have participated in the AP Program in secondary school would equal or exceed the achievement of their non-AP college classmates.
		The demonstration of empirical validity is typically based on the analysis of quantitative date.
	apcentral.collegeboard.com /apc/public/exam/about_exams/2052.html (1794 words)

	The New England Skeptical Society - Articles
		Pseudoscientific theories are also allegedly based on empirical evidence, and may often appear to utilize scientific methodology, when in fact the rationale of pseudoscientific theories are based on misconceptions and its employment of controlled experimentation are often insufficient.
		In the process of empirical validation it is of great clinical significance to determine which portion(s) of the treatment package are responsible for which treatment effect.
		Numerous modifications have been made to this initial theory in response to negating empirical results, which have contributed to a rationale that appears to be extremely scientific and consequently apparently valid.
	www.theness.com /articles.asp?id=68 (2669 words)

	Empirical Validation: Agent-Based Computational Economics (Tesfatsion)
		Some are rooted in well-known and still-open problems of scientific methodology that concern empirical validation regardless of the particular family of models under scrutiny.
		The focus of this chapter is on the empirical validity of agent-based modeling approaches in terms of explaining data from human subject experiments.
		Abstract: "The assurance - the verification and validation - of agent-based models is difficult, because of the heterogeneity of the agents, and the possibility of the emergence of new patterns of macro behavior as a result of the interactions of agents at the micro level.
	www.econ.iastate.edu /tesfatsi/empvalid.htm (4586 words)

	Scott Moss: Alternative Approaches to the Empirical Validation of Agent-Based Models
		Although model validation has been an ongoing issue in the social simulation literature, there has so far been no systematic consideration of whether different approaches to validation are appropriate to different approaches to modelling and whether some validation approaches, and their associated modelling approaches, are preferable to others.
		The purpose of this paper is to compare the validation procedures described by Windrum, Fagiolo and Moneta (2007) for agent based computational economic models with the validation procedures developed within a participatory framework by the companion modellers.
		The validation exercise integrates the models into the discussions of longer term processes helping the engaged stakeholders to disambiguate the terminology they use and to clarify their specification of the social processes generating the outcomes — the data — they anticipate.
	jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk /11/1/5.html (7771 words)

	The BASELINE Project FAQ List: User Validation Planning
		To create your user validation plan you can use the generic user validation plan described in the ELPUB 105 Usability Study: Handbook for practical Usability Engineering in Information Engineering Projects and tailor it to your specific needs.
		An entirely empirical procedure would suggest that the definition of factors emanates from operational measurement procedures by a comprehensive empirical validation process, and would result in empirically identified factors by factor analysis.
		Such a procedure is not always possible due to the absence of validation criteria, and also of limited use in the context of the development of innovative electronic information applications because innovative features and qualities cannot be assessed by reference to criteria derived from the analysis of existing traditional applications.
	www.ucc.ie /research/hfrg/baseline/validation.html (1465 words)

	Science As Careful Questioning
		With no validation studies supporting their checklist of supposedly risky behaviors, there is no scientific basis for determining which respondents did or did not engage in behaviors that would tend to elicit reports of false memories of child abuse from at least some patients.
		However, the empirical literature suggests that it may be wise to move away from simplistic views of memory, particularly in this context, as a camera or a tape recorder.
		For those independently evaluating or attempting to replicate studies seeming to validate the existence and widespread occurrence of false memory syndrome, it would be useful if the procedures for obtaining informed consent if consent was obtained from people who were diagnosed as suffering from false memory syndrome were disclosed.
	kspope.com /memory/science.php (8503 words)

	Role of Commitment and Motivation in Knowledge Management Systems Implementation: Theory, Conceptualization, and ...
		The theoretical and empirical validation of the framework require first and foremost the theoretical development of the knowledge workers' commitment and motivation constructs and empirical validation of these constructs in the context of a real world organizational study of KMS implementation.
		The rest of this paper presents theoretical development and empirical validation of these two constructs to facilitate bridging this gap in understanding that is necessary for solving the "real challenges" of KM [18].
		Future empirical research on the integration of motivation and commitment within diverse implementation contexts of KMS and organizational knowledge management programs is expected to further advance the theoretical and empirical development of the proposed framework.
	www.brint.org /KMSuccess.htm (6715 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- Cronbach & Meehl (1955)
		Portions of the distinctions we shall discuss are implicit in Jenkins' paper, "Validity for what?" (33), Gulliksen's "Intrinsic validity" (27), Goodenough's distinction between tests as "signs" and "samples" (22), Cronbach's separation of "logical" and "empirical" validity (11), Guilford's "factorial validity" (25), and Mosier's papers on "face validity" and "validity generalization" (49, 50).
		Concurrent validity is studied when one test is proposed as a substitute for another (for example, when a multiple-choice form of spelling test is substituted for taking dictation), or a test is shown to correlate with some contemporary criterion (e.g., psychiatric diagnosis).
		She writes, "The validity of a psychological test should not be confused with an analysis of the factors which determine the behavior under consideration." We, however, regard such analysis as a most important type of validation.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /Cronbach/construct.htm (10550 words)

	Empirical Validation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The empirical validation of the existence of certain crease structures in images is not sufficient for the validation of the claim that a large class of human visual phenomena are causally related to the detection of these structures.
		It is also necessary to establish a causal relation between the existence of each crease structures with the experiencing of a particular class of visual phenomena.
		There is a natural connection between structural abstraction, visual abstraction, as defined by this theory, with pictorial abstraction in visual art as well as with the way children draw human figures and chapters 4, 7, and 9 provide some evidence supporting this relation.
	www.ensc.sfu.ca /people/grad/brassard/personal/THESIS/node5.html (253 words)

	Paul Windrum, Giorgio Fagiolo and Alessio Moneta: Empirical Validation of Agent-Based Models
		Empirical validation of a model (M) involves an assessment of the extent to which M is a good representation of the (unknown) process that generated a set of observed data.
		In this section we clarify the process of empirical validation and identify a set of validation issues that are common to all modellers (neoclassical and AB alike).
		First, the approach to empirical validation that is advocated involves comparing the output traces of a simulated model with detailed empirical studies of the actual trace history of an economic system.
	jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk /10/2/8.html (12407 words)

	Cambridge ESOL: Research and validation
		Validity - the extent to which exam marks can be considered a true reflection of underlying ability.
		Research and validation provides information for external stakeholders who need to be aware of the quality and fairness of the exams and who need to have details of research and validation work carried out by Cambridge ESOL.
		To make certain our exams are valid, reliable, practical to administer and an accurate test on the subject, we invest heavily in exam trialling for all new exams and exam modifications.
	www.cambridgeesol.org /research (744 words)

	1995 Building Publications - Empirical Validation of a Transient Computer Model for Combined Heat and Moisture Transfer. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Empirical Validation of a Transient Computer Model for Combined Heat and Moisture Transfer.
		The experiment, and thus the validation, was restricted to diffusive transport mechanisms taking place in the hygroscopic region.
		Using the detailed information on the material properties, the program was able to predict the measured moisture content of the walls' siding and sheathing materials to within approximately 1% moisture content by weight, and the heat flows were predicted with a satisfactory accuracy.
	fire.nist.gov /bfrlpubs/build95/art023.html (313 words)

	Empirical validation: Small vessel translocation of key threatening species Stage I - Asterias amurensis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Empirical validation: Small vessel translocation of key threatening species Stage I - Asterias amurensis
		Empirical validation: Small vessel translocation of key threatening species
		The empirical validation project is a two year project designed to collect quantitative information on small vessel biofouling that supports the development and implementation of the new national system for preventing and managing marine pests in Australian waters.
	www.deh.gov.au /coasts/imps/empirical/index.html (1110 words)

	Science As Careful Questioning
		With no validation studies supporting their checklist of supposedly risky behaviors, there is no scientific basis for determining which respondents did or did not engage in behaviors that would tend to elicit reports of false memories of child abuse from at least some patients.
		For those independently evaluating or attempting to replicate studies seeming to validate the existence and widespread occurrence of false memory syndrome, it would be useful if the procedures for obtaining informed consent if consent was obtained from people who were diagnosed as suffering from false memory syndrome were disclosed.
		They can be invited to replicate the empirical research on which such claims are based, to reanalyze the raw data from the original study, and to create new models for studying the phenomenon at issue.
	www.kspope.com /memory/science.php (8503 words)

	Attachment Therapy
		It would be possible to establish predictive validity, especially in light of the fact that some easily measured behaviors such as serial killing are predicted for untreated AD children, but this has not been done.
		The establishment of concurrent validity is complicated by the claim that the disorder is unrecognized by most therapists.
		Because this intervention is not only without validation but has been associated with injury and death, insurance companies and state agencies appear to have used poor judgment in supporting it.
	www.srmhp.org /0102/attachment-therapy.html (4792 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Empirical validation of the S-Score algorithm in the analysis of gene expression data
		It was developed assuming a simple error model for the expression of probe pair signals, in which the detected signal is assumed proportional to the probe pair signal for highly expressed genes, while approaching a background noise level (rather than 0) for genes with low levels of expression [8].
		This may be due to concerns that the initial validation studies of the S-score algorithm utilized data sets for which the identification of genes that were differentially expressed were not known, and therefore may be considered inadequate by today's standards.
		Therefore, we performed an additional empirical validation study of the S-score algorithm against comparisons utilizing more recently developed methods – RMA, MAS5 and dChip – using data sets in which each probe set was known to be either differentially or non-differentially expressed.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2105/7/154 (5102 words)

	IJCEH - International Journal Of Clinical & Experimental Hypnosis - April 2007 - English
		Empirical validation of hypnotherapy has paralleled the practice of validation in psychotherapy and the professionalization of clinical psychology, in general.
		Implications of this progression in professional psychology are discussed in the light of hypnosis’ current quest for validation and empirical accreditation.
		The review focuses on empirically supported principles and practices and suggests that hypnosis can be a useful adjunctive procedure in the treatment of posttraumatic conditions.
	www.ijceh.com /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=208&Itemid=48 (798 words)

	JOT: Journal of Object Technology -A Survey of Metrics for UML Class Diagrams, M. Genero, M. Piattini and C. Calero
		Metrics must be empirically validated, by addressing the question “is the measure useful in the sense that it is related to other external quality attributes in the ways expected?”.
		The high-level attributes are assessed using a set of empirically identified and weighted OO design properties, which are derived from the metrics shown in table 9 and 10, which measure the lowest-level structural, functional and relational details of a design (see table 11).
		Note that when we present the works related to the theoretical and empirical validation of the metrics, we intend to consider the most representatives ones, i.e.
	www.jot.fm /issues/issue_2005_11/article1 (9777 words)

	Lightweight Empirical Methodologies Research Project (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Empirical assessment methods for software engineering tend to require enormous resources to carry out.
		We have done some investigation into how a happy medium may be reached between cost and validity of results at such early stages to determine if further development or assessment of a technique is warranted.
		There are two facets to this project: development of new, lightweight methodologies and the identification of which methodology to use in a given situation.
	pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca /~rwalker/projects/empirical.html (193 words)

	LEM Working Paper Series - 2006/14
		This paper addresses the problem of finding the appropriate method for conducting empirical validation in agent-based (AB) models, which is often regarded as the Achilles’ heel of the AB approach to economic modelling.
		This second set of issues is captured in a novel taxonomy, which takes into consideration the nature of the object under study, the goal of the analysis, the nature of the modelling assumptions, and the methodology of the analysis.
		Having identified the nature and causes of heterogeneity in empirical validation, we examine three important approaches to validation that have been developed in AB economics: indirect calibration, the Werker-Brenner approach, and the history-friendly approach.
	www.lem.sssup.it /WPLem/2006-14.html (202 words)

	Poster Session 4 - Empirical Validation of a Developmental Model of Adolescent Groups
		Empirical Validation of a Developmental Model of Adolescent Groups
		This study concerns the empirical evaluation of a well-accepted developmental model of adolescent groups.
		Participants will become familiar with a model of adolescent groups, a reliable measure of adolescent group process, and will be presented data from a project concerning the validations of the five-phase model of adolescent group development.
	www.groupsinc.org /mtgs/2001Conference/p4.html (165 words)

	Experimental Model for Collapse of the QuantumWavefunction
		This is because none of the models have previously been developed to the empirical stage of experimental testing of a specific physical mechanism.
		The brain potential is an empirical phenomenon on the level of experimental science, and this feature makes the One Mind Model the first empirical or falsifiable model of either collapse of the wavefunction or consciousness.
		It also provides an empirical probe into the interconnection between all observers, which has, to this point, been a theoretical issue without direct empirical validation.
	www.goertzel.org /dynapsyc/1998/collapse.html (3453 words)

	Re: Heckscher-Ohlin: empirical validation?
		This forum has provided lots of empirical evidence.
		Notice whether any professional economist acknowledges in this forum the validity of the following: "7.6.
		In recent years the pure theory of trade has been reformulated, using a 'classical' approach to the theory of value and distribution and paying special attention to the fact that capital consists of produced means of production.
	www.talkaboutinvestments.com /group/sci.econ/messages/205970.html (679 words)

	Why Choose SACS Employee Skill Assessments?
		To this end, we conduct empirical validation studies on an ongoing basis.
		When SACS was developed, two different empirical validation studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of the system using a random sample of call center agents across different job functions and industry types.
		If you have not studied validation you may be asking “so what is a good correlation?” Here is a fun way to get an idea of how SACS stacks up: comparative correlations.
	www.selectsacs.com /why_sacs/validation.htm (581 words)

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