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	Empress Dowager Cixi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Empress Dowager Cixi (Chinese: 慈禧皇太后葉赫那拉氏; pinyin: Cíxǐ Tàihòu; Wade-Giles: Tz'u-Hsi Huang T'ai-hou) (November 29, 1835 – November 15, 1908) was popularly known in China as the West Dowager Empress (Chinese: 西太后) or the Nara Empress Dowager (Chinese: 那拉太后).
		In 1872, under the guidance of the Empress Dowager Ci'an, the Tongzhi Emperor was married to Lady Alute (the Jiashun Empress).
		Empress Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty, are generally positively reassessed by modern historians, the negative views on Dowager Cixi largely remain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi (3672 words)

	The Life of Empress Cixi
		The rise to power of Empress Cixi and her rule was a cause of the decline of the Qing Dynasty and the rise of the Republican Movement.
		The new emperor, Guangxu, was skinny, sickly, and terrified of the dowager empress.
		The importance of Empress Cixi's life should not be underestimated, as it was she who effectively ruled China during the half century form the birth of her son until her death at the age of seventy three (15th November 1908).
	sacu.org /cixi.html (1433 words)

	Names - Empress Dowager Cixi
		Cixi had different names at different period of her life, which can be quite confusing.
		Cixi was officially made Holy Mother Notes Empress Dowager, a high privilege considering that she had never been empress consort while Emperor Xianfeng was alive.
		She was privileged to become empress dowager only because she was the biological mother of the new emperor.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /Abell9583/empress-dowager-cixi-names.html (815 words)

	Empress Dowager Cixi Summary
		The ensuing power struggle between the regents and the two empress dowagers, with the aid of Prince Kung (the deceased emperor's half brother), was resolved in favor of the two women when the court returned to Peking in October 1861.
		Cixi was made "Holy Mother¹ Empress Dowager" (聖母皇太后), though she was not the empress consort while Emperor Xianfeng was alive.
		Cixi liked to be treated like a man, and insisted on her subjects using words reserved for men when addressing her.
	www.bookrags.com /Empress_Dowager_Cixi (4380 words)

	Royalty.nu - Chinese History - Dowager Empress Tzu Hsi or Cixi
		The new emperor, Kuang Hsu, was skinny, sickly, and terrified of the Empress Dowager.
		With the Empress Dowager of China by Katherine A. Carl.
		The Dragon Empress by Marina Warner is a 1972 biography of Tzu Hsi.
	www.royalty.nu /Asia/China/TzuHsi.html (3019 words)

	TZU-HSI: THE DOWAGER EMPRESS OF CHINA
		However, the empress still was not totally free to rule, for her son's favorite concubine was pregnant and if she delivered a boy, the boy would be the new emperor and his mother dowager empress.
		However, this book can still be effectively used by anyone researching the empress because it provides a good historical look at the time period in which she ruled.
		Vare is successful in writing this primarily because she does not attempt to judge whether the actions of the empress were good or bad.
	departments.kings.edu /womens_history/tzuhsi.html (2124 words)

	Guangxu Emperor Summary
		The Empress Dowager Ci'an suggested Prince Gong's son as the new Emperor but she was overruled by Cixi.
		Even after he began formal rule, Cixi continued to influence his decisions and actions, despite residing for a period of time at the Imperial Summer Palace (Yiheyuan) which she had ordered Guangxu's father, the Prince Chun, to construct, with the official intention not to intervene in politics.
		Cixi had Guangxu placed under house arrest in an environment of total isolation, to the point where even court Eunuchs were chosen to strategically serve this purpose.
	www.bookrags.com /Guangxu_Emperor (1766 words)

	Discovering China: Movers & Shakers
		Cixi was elevated from total obscurity to the centre political stage of China as a figure of unique importance to the survival of the dynasty.
		Empress Cixi died on the fifteenth of November 1908.
		It was because she masterfully maintained a balance between conservatives and sects, that the empress was able to ensure her power.
	library.thinkquest.org /26469/movers-and-shakers/cixi.html (838 words)

	Cixi_full
		If a son were to be born to this concubine, she would become the next empress, and Cixi would lose most of her power, including the title of the dowager empress.
		Cixi was unhappy about these changes, but she stayed aside and “allowed the emperor to make enemies” (Walsh).
		Then, Cixi found out that Kuang was planning to strip her of what power she still had, and she had him locked up to keep him from doing so.
	faculty.rmwc.edu /fwebb/buck/jlstrohacker/Cixi_full.html (1263 words)

	Empress Dowager Cixi - Chinese Culture
		The title, "empress dowager", was given to the mother of a Chinese Emperor.
		Not much is known about Cixi's youth as it was forbidden for a long time to speak of any person in the royal family prior to their entrance into the Forbidden City.
		Cixi orchestrated the rise of her sister's three-year-old son, Guangxu, to the throne.
	www.bellaonline.com /articles/art28654.asp (847 words)

	Summer Palace with photos- Beijing - China travel
		Cixi quickly placed her sister's son, a four-year-old child, on the Dragon Throne, and she herself took over the regency and continued to exercise great power behind the bamboo curtain until the death of the emperor, Guangxu.
		Cixi moved to live in the Summer Palace in 1889, and Emperor Guangxu was imprisoned there by her after he launched an unsuccessful attempt at reform in 1898.
		The large table in the centre of the hall is for the Empress Dowager to have her meals.
	www.cnhomestay.com /city/beijing/summer_palace.htm (5431 words)

	Exploring Chinese History :: Database Catalog :: Biographical Database :: Qing Era- (1644- 1912)
		Empress Xiaoquan Cheng, (1808 - 1840) of the Niuhuru clan
		Empress Xiaoxian Chun (1712- 1748), of the Fucha clan.
		She was the daughter of the Manchu general Ronglu (榮祿) (1836-1903) from the Guwalgiya clan, one of the leaders of the conservative faction at the court, and a staunch supporter of Cixi whom she rewarded by marrying his daughter into the imperial family.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/06dat/bio.2qin.html (12643 words)

	Empress Dowager Cixi
		At first, she was made a concubine of the fifth rank and after she gave birth to a son, the only son of the emperor, she was made a concubine of the second rank.
		Cixi then became the empress dowager and began to seize power and handler the state affairs.
		Empress Dowager Cixi died in the Forbidden City at the age of 73.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/known/cixi.htm (349 words)

	Empress Dowager - History Forum
		Empress Dowager Cixi (1835—1908), popularly known in China as the Western Empress Dowager and officially known posthumously as Empress Xiaoqin Xian, was a powerful and charismatic figure who was the de facto ruler of the Manchu Qing Dynasty ruling over China in the late 19th and early 20th century.
		She was like the worst Chinese emperorempress> for me. She despised reform, and spent all the money that would have been used on reform to build some useless garden.
		The dowager empress usually put her own interests ahead of the nation's.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=2641 (1436 words)

	East Asian History Sourcebook: Isaac Taylor Headland: Court Life in China: The Capital, Its Officials and People
		Although the Empress Dowager was but a child of ten at this time she would receive her first impression of the foreigner, which was that he was a pirate who had come to carry away their wealth, to filch from them their land, and to overrun their country.
		It is unfortunate that the Empress Dowager should have died before this reform had been carried to a successful culmination, but whatever may be the result of the movement the fact and the credit of its initiation will ever belong to her.
		The Empress Dowager had set her heart upon this union, and she would not allow her plans to be frustrated, so an edict was issued that all people should remain within their homes on a certain night, for the bride was to be taken in her red chair from her father's home to the palace.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/eastasia/headland-courtlife.html (17710 words)

	The Dowager Empress Cixi (meaning "Kindly and Virtuous”) ruled for 41 years (1861-1911)
		After he was born, she was raised in rank from a third-grade concubine to a first-grade concubine, second only to the Empress herself.
		The regency was to be shared by Cixi and the emperor’s first wife until the son came of age.
		When her only son died at age 18, Cixi appointed her 3-year-old nephew, Kuang Hsu, who was not in direct line of succession to the throne, as the next heir.
	www.jadedragon.com /archives/travel/china/folktales.html (794 words)

	Amazon.com: Empress Dowager Cixi: China's Last Dynasty and the Long Reign of a Formidable Concubine : Legends and Lives ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		With The Empress Dowager Of China by Katherine Augusta Carl
		Written with charm, this book is a delightful exploration of the history of her extraordinary life and long reign, relating both historical facts and apochryphal anecdotes about her private affairs.
		Cixi had to have been a fascinating woman, to rule China for almost 50 years, but all you get with Woo's book is the same old legends of a beautiful, merciless sexual & political predator.
	www.amazon.com /Empress-Dowager-Cixi-Formidable-Concubine/dp/1892941880 (1121 words)

	Summer Palace
		The administrative area centered on the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity, was where the Dowager Empress met the officials and state guests.
		The stage was built in 1891 at the cost of 700,000 taels of silver, and gave many operatic performances to the delight of the Empress Cixi and her retinue.
		The central feature is a lotus pond pavilion where Empress Cixi enjoyed fishing, though unknown to her, the live fish were put onto her hook by diving eunuchs.
	www.chinapage.org /friend/goh/beijing/summerpalace/summerpalace.html (1788 words)

	Daniel's little corner of the web » Forbidden City - Portrait of the Empress :: The Sanctuary
		She was constrained by the court rules and at times, she was forced to be ruthless in order to ensure the survival of herself and her son, in the midst of enemies and betrayal.
		The story is told through the eyes of Kate Carl, who is commissioned to paint the empress' portrait, and the musical recounts CiXi's trials and tribulations from ingenious concubine to ruthless ruler, to unmask the woman behind the painted face.
		Whether the Dragon Lady (name given by the pleasant folks to Empress Cixi) was an evil ruthless woman or a strong woman trying to survive in those hard times, is not important.
	www.danielck.net /index.php?itemid=148 (905 words)

	Reigning Queens and Empresses
		Dowager Empress Cixi entrusted a vaguely specified Imperial authority to her.
		At 6.12.12 she presided over the final cabinet meeting of the Qing Dynasty and was forced to sign the imperial abdication decree, which abolished the monarchy.
		The first 4 months her mother acted as regent, she abdicated in favour of her sister in 1919 and died in a convent a few years later.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /queens_and_empresses.htm (1847 words)

	Empress Cartoons
		You are looking at the "empress" cartoon and caricature page from the CartoonStock Vintage Cartoon directory, the web's biggest searchable archive of vintage and historical cartoons.
		Related topics: china, chinese, boxer, xiaoqin xian, boxer rebellion, chinese nationalism, empress, empress cixi, cixi, qing, qing dynasty, manchuria, peking, eight nation alliance, eight-nation alliance, china relief expedition, imperialism, kruger, paul kruger, president kruger,
		Related topics: india, queen of india, accession, monarch, monarch, queen, queens, royal, royals, royalty, indian government, empire, empires, british empire, the empire, the british empire, indian mutiny, victoria, queen victoria, east india company, crown, empress, empress of india,
	www.cartoonstock.com /vintage/directory/e/empress.asp (450 words)

	Woo, X. L.: Empress Dowager CIXI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Empress Dowager Cixi (1835 - 1908) brought destruction to the Qing Dynasty, the last feudal dynasty in the long history of China.
		Written with remarkable charm and verve, this book is a delightful exploration of the history of her extraordinary life and long reign, relating both historical facts and apochryphal anecdotes about her private affairs.
		How did she climb from the bottom rung of the ladder as an ordinary ambitious girl to the top rung of power as an empress dowager?
	www.forbesbookclub.com /bookpage.asp?prod_cd=IDQYU (112 words)

	The Dowager Empress Cixi, Tzu Hsi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		This painting was painted by Hubert Vos, the Dutch American painter, whose painting was presented to Empress Cixi at her seventy-first birthday.
		"Dowager Empress." This is an English title given to her by the European and American press over 100 years ago.
		Her Chinese name may be rendered, or translated in two different ways.
	www.chinapage.com /biography/cixi.html (162 words)

	Empress Dowager Cixi Crystal Studded T-Shirt
		Home > Crystal Studded T-Shirts > Empowered Women > Empress Dowager Cixi Crystal Studded T-Shirt
		This vibrant stylized and hand tinted photograph print features Empress Dowager Cixi, studded with up to 50 1/2 carat Swarovski crystals.
		Known also as the Dragon Lady, the Qing Dynasty was led by Empress Dowager Cixi, considered one of the most highly revered and powerful women in Chinese history.
	www.americanacouture.com /emdowcixcrys.html (312 words)

	Empress Dowager Cixi (ebook) - Adobe Reader PDF eBook - Get eBooks!
		Empress Dowager Cixi (ebook) - Adobe Reader PDF eBook - Get eBooks!
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		The eBook club is continually growing with more eBooks added frequently.
	www.ebookmall.com /ebook/111000-ebook.htm (710 words)

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