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Topic: Empress Dowager Cixi

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	Cixi - MSN Encarta
		Cixi City is located at the coastal area of eastern Zhejiang Province and on the south bank of Hangzhou Bay.
		Cixi or Tz'u-hsi, née Yehonala (1835-1908), Chinese empress dowager, born in Beijing.
		On the death of Xianfeng, Cixi became the virtual ruler of China, acting as regent for her son from 1861 to 1873, and continuing her control over state affairs after that.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761573093/Cixi.html (242 words)

	Empress Dowager Cixi
		In 1862, she was given the title of Empress Dowager Cixi by Emperor Tongzhi (Actually, she gave the title to herself through Emperor Tongzhi's prescript).
		Cixi announced that she would relinquish her power and retire to live in the Summer Palace.
		In 1895, the Qing Navy was defeated due to the compromise of Cixi.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/known/cixi.htm (549 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Empress Dowager Cixi (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Empress Dowager Cixi (November 29 1835 – November 15 1908), popularly known in China as the West Empress Dowager (Chinese: 西太后), was from the Manchu Yehe Nara Clan.
		In 1872, under the guidance of the Empress Dowager Ci'an, the Tongzhi Emperor was married to Lady Alute (the Jiashun Empress).
		Empress Dowager Cixi's actions on behalf of the two Emperors that she raised and her own actions are all accounted for and rationalized as being for the good of her people and her country.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi (3761 words)

	Empress Dowager - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Empress Dowager (Chinese, Korean and Japanese: 皇太后; Chinese pinyin: Húang Tài Hòu, Korean pronunciation: Hwang Tae Hu, Japanese pronunciation: Kōtaigō) was title given to the mother of a Chinese emperor or a Japanese emperor.
		Numerous empress dowagers held regency during the reign of an underage emperor.
		Many of the most prominent empress dowagers also extended their control for long periods after the emperor was old enough to govern.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Empress_Dowager (152 words)

	Empress Dowager Cixi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cixi's actions on behalf of the two Emperors that she raised and her own actions are all accounted for and rationalized as being for the good of her people and her country.
		Cixi enjoyed boating on the lake at the Summer Palace, walks through the gardens and grounds of the Palace (actually the Imperial family rode in sedan chairs so the eunuchs did the majority of the walking), and presentations of Chinese opera in the Summer Palace Opera house.
		Cixi was interred amidst the Eastern Qing Tombs (清东陵), 125 kilometers/75 miles east of Beijing, in the Dingdongling (定东陵) tomb complex (literally: the "Tombs East of the Dingling Tomb"), along with Empress Dowager Ci'an.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi (6233 words)

	The Life of Empress Cixi
		The rise to power of Empress Cixi and her rule was a cause of the decline of the Qing Dynasty and the rise of the Republican Movement.
		Dowager Cixi was born on the 29th November 1835, the daughter of an ordinary official.
		The new emperor, Guangxu, was skinny, sickly, and terrified of the dowager empress.
	sacu.org /cixi.html (1408 words)

	MySpace.com - Tzu Hsi Grand Dowager Empress of China - 100 - Female - The Forbidden City, Beijing - ...
		With the Empress Dowager Katherine Carl, in her 10 months in China, was one of only a handful of foreigners to enter the Forbidden City and meet the Empress Dowager Cixi and the Emperor.
		Empress Dowager Cixi (Chinese: ????; Pinyin: Cíxi Tàihòu; Wade-Giles: Tz'u-Hsi T'ai-hou) (November 29, 1835 – November 15, 1908), popularly known in China as the West Empress Dowager (Chinese: ???), was from the Manchu Yehe Nara Clan.
		Empress Dowager Cixi was interred amidst the Eastern Qing Tombs (Chinese: ???), 125 km (75 miles) east of Beijing, in the Dong Dingling (Chinese: ???), along with Empress Dowager Ci'an.
	profile.myspace.com /index.cfm?fuseaction=user.viewprofile&friendid=206846886 (5283 words)

	Definition of Empress Dowager Cixi
		Cixi was officially made "Holy Mother ¹ Empress Dowager" (聖母皇太后), a high privilege considering that she had never been empress consort while Emperor Xianfeng was alive.
		As for the empress consort, she was made "Empress Mother Empress Dowager" (母后皇太后), a title giving her precedence over Cixi, and she was given the honorific name Ci'an (慈安) — meaning "motherly and calming".
		Received biographies of Cixi usually state that she was the daughter of a low-ranking Manchu official, Huizheng (惠征), of the Yehe-Nara clan, serving in Shanxi province and then in Anhui province.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Empress_Dowager_Cixi (2827 words)

	Cixi - Signifiance (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cixi is often portrayed as a destroyer, someone who was ruthless and blind, greedy and destructive to the ultimate fate of the dynasty she led.
		Cixi’s skills repertoire included a willingness to learn new things as exemplified in her early career by her literacy and her apprenticeship with the Emperor in his administrative duties.
		Cixi’s growing vanity and desire to remain at the top, were liabilities in an age where vision was needed towards the end of the century.
	www.lcsc.edu /modernchina/Cixi4.htm (615 words)

	Empress Dowager Cian (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Empress Dowager Cian (1837 - 1881), also called Lady Niuhuru, was Empress Dowager of the Qing dynasty of China during the late 19th century.
		She and her co-regent, the Empress Dowager Cixi, ruled China with the help of Prince Gong during the minority of the Cixi's son, the Tongzhi emperor.
		After the death of the Tongzhi emperor in 1875, Cian and Cixi continued to act as regents, this time for the Guangxu emperor.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Empress_Dowager_Cian.html (236 words)

	Empress Dowager Cixi (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Empress Dowager Cíxǐ; or Tz'u-hsi (慈禧) also sometimes referred to as The Holy Mother (聖母皇太后) and Venerable Buddha (老佛爺) by her subjects.
		As The Holy Mother Empress Dowager along with Xianfeng's Empress Empress Dowager Ci'an she was able to gain the of co- regent in 1863 and remained so for most of period from 1861 until her death in 1908
		The traditional view is that Cixi was devious despot who maintained a deathgrip on what power she had until that power faded completely.
	www.freeglossary.com /Empress_Dowager_Ci_Xi (763 words)

	Representations - Welcome!
		Cixi is pictured as an apt politician who exerts all her efforts to preserve the Qing dynasty and the monarchy and thus also to keep together the empire of the Aisingioro family.
		Cixi’s ideas and opinions are also said to have evolved alongside historical developments; she is often portrayed as a fervent opponent of all new, i.e.
		This is especially lucid in the relationship of Cixi to the Guangxu emperor: when Cixi turned sixty, the Guangxu emperor had long been old enough to reign himself (historically speaking, he was officially already ruling the country himself, but the series depicts this differently and dramatises the situation).
	www.sino.uni-heidelberg.de /representations/gonghe/cixi.html (1020 words)

	Empress Dowager Cixi (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Empress Dowager Cíxǐ; orTz'u-hsi (慈禧), also sometimes referred to as The Holy Mother(聖母皇太后) and Venerable Buddha (老佛爺) by her subjects.(November 29, 1835 - November 15, 1908) was a powerful andcharismatic figure who was the de facto ruler of the Qing Dynasty of China in the late 19th andearly 20th century.
		As The Holy Mother Empress Dowager, along withXianfeng's Empress, Empress Dowager Ci'an, she was ableto gain the title of co- regent in 1863 andremained so for most of the period from 1861 until her death in 1908
		The traditional view is that Cixi was a devious despot who maintained a deathgrip onwhat little power she had until that power faded out completely.
	www.therfcc.org /empress-dowager-cixi-31276.html (387 words)

	Empress Dowager
		Cixi also chose the next emperor - her own three-year old nephew, Guangxu, who was not in the direct line for succession to the throne.
		Cixi was an extremely strong ruler, yet she was uneducated in the sense that she was had not been exposed to modern methods of governance.
		Cixi did not agree fearing that modernization or Europeanization might weaken her power and increase the power of the literati and officials in society.
	www.geocities.com /web_china2000/dowager.htm (686 words)

	Reference for Guangxu Emperor - Search.com
		Prince Chun was married to Empress Dowager Cixi's younger sister, and Zaitian was their son, therefore Zaitian was Cixi's nephew.
		Even after he began formal rule, Cixi continued to influence his decisions and actions, despite residing for a period of time at the Imperial Summer Palace (Yiheyuan) which she had ordered Guangxu's father, the Prince Chun, to construct, with the official intention not to intervene in politics.
		That incident happened before Empress Dowager Cixi was preparing to leave the Forbidden City due to the occupation of Beijing by the Eight-Nation Alliance in 1900.
	www.search.com /reference/Guangxu_Emperor (1900 words)

	Empress Dowager Cixi Biography Summary
		Empress Dowager Cixi (Chinese: 慈禧太后; Hanyu Pinyin: Cíxī Tàihòu ; Wade-Giles: Tz'u-Hsi T'ai-hou) (29 November, 1835 – 15 November, 1908), popularly known in China as the West Empress Dowager (Chinese: 西太后), was from the Manchu...
		Empress Dowager Cixi1 (Chinese: 慈禧太后; pinyin: Cíxǐ Tàihòu; Wade-Giles: Tz'u-Hsi T'ai-hou) (November 29 1835 – November 15 1908), popularly known in China as the West Dowager Empress (Chinese: 西太后), was from the Manchu Yehe Nara Clan....
		Empress Dowager Nagako, 97, the widow of Emperor Hirohito and mother of Japan's current emperor, Akihito, died today in Tokyo's royal palace after witnessing an astounding swath of her country's history.
	www.bookrags.com /Empress_Dowager_Cixi (277 words)

	The Life of Empress Cixi
		The rise to power of Empress Cixi and her rule was a cause of the decline of the Qing Dynasty and the rise of the Republican Movement.
		Dowager Cixi was born on the 29th November 1835, the daughter of an ordinary official.
		The new emperor, Guangxu, was skinny, sickly, and terrified of the dowager empress.
	www.sacu.org /cixi.html (1459 words)

	Cixi - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		In the year 1835, Cixi (also known as Tz'u Hsi), Chinese empress dowager, was born in Beijing (d.
		Cixi, also Tz'u Hsi, née Yehonala (1835-1908), Chinese empress dowager, born in Beijing.
		Empress Dowager Cixi held real imperial power for nearly half a century.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Cixi.html (173 words)

	Empress Dowager Cixi
		Empress Dowager Cixi became the sole de facto ruler of China till 1909 when she died at the age of 74.
		Though Empress Dowager Cixi was somewhat educated, she was ignorant of the world at large.
		The life of Empress Dowager Cixi critically changed due to the birth of her son.
	www.china-travel-golden-route.com /empress_dowager_cixi.html (847 words)

	New Page 1
		Cixi came to power when the Xianfeng emperor died because her son was still too young to rule.
		Cixi’s decision to name Xuantong emperor is just one example of the way she thought throughout her reign as Dowager Empress.
		The Empress is the perfect example of how Qing leaders (except for a select few) were unable to change the way they ran their country as the world changed the way it thinks.
	project1.caryacademy.org /ChineseHistory/2004/HistorySarah/Cixi.htm (516 words)

	Discovering China: Movers & Shakers
		Cixi was elevated from total obscurity to the centre political stage of China as a figure of unique importance to the survival of the dynasty.
		Empress Cixi died on the fifteenth of November 1908.
		But to the contrary, the Empress Dowager attempted to ride the tide of anti-foreign sentiment by declaring war on the foreign powers in 1900.
	library.thinkquest.org /26469/movers-and-shakers/cixi.html (838 words)

	Exploring Chinese History :: Database Catalog :: Biographical Database :: Qing Era- (1644- 1912)
		Recent biographies of Cixi usually state that she was the daughter of a low-ranking Manchu official, Huizheng (惠征), of the Yehe-Nara (Yehonala) clan, serving in Shanxi province and then in Anhui province.
		Empress Xiaoquan Cheng, (1808 - 1840) of the Niuhuru clan
		Empress Xiaoxian Chun (1712- 1748), of the Fucha clan.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/06dat/bio.2qin.html (12643 words)

	Riverworld PBEM: Cixi (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cixi was born in Peking on November 29, 1835.
		Cixi, with the help of the army, violated succession laws and placed her three-year-old nephew, whom she adopted, onto the throne.
		Cixi won't be the "life of the party"; though she'd strive to be the center of attention.
	www.pennmush.org /~alansz/rw-pbem/bg/chars/cixi.html (941 words)

	Wikinfo \| Empress Dowager Cixi (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Empress Dowager Tzu-hsi, or in pinyin Cixi (November 29, 1835 - November 15, 1908) was a powerful and charismatic figure who was the de facto ruler of Ch'ing (Qing) China in the late 19th and early 20th century.
		She did her best to cope with the difficulties of the era but her conservative attitudes did not serve her well and the Western powers continued to take advantage of the country's relatively low level of technological development.
		A widow of the Xianfeng Emperor, she was regent for most of the period from 1861 until her death, sharing power with the Dowager Empress Cian until the latter's death in 1881.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Empress_Dowager_Cixi (298 words)

	Cixi - Life History (2) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cixi was such a good planner and so imperious that she was able to prevail against traditions and major court opposition in the selection of the new Emperor, the infant son of Prince Yi Huan, Cai Tian (later to become the Guangxu Emperor).
		Cixi was an extraordinary woman, but her leadership was in the traditional mode.
		Cixi had arranged as an heir to the Guangxu Emperor another young child, known as Pu Yi, whose father, Cai Feng, was a weak regent and could not sustain coherent imperial leadership.
	www.lcsc.edu /modernchina/Cixi2.htm (909 words)

	Empress dowager cixi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/empress_dowager_cixi (188 words)

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