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	Empress Lü Zhi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, Lü, her children, and her father-in-law did not go to the then-remote Principality of Han, but stayed in Liu's home county of Pei (in modern Xuzhou, Jiangsu), either because of Han's remoteness or because they were prevented from doing so by Xiang, whose Principality of Western Chu included Pei.
		Empress Dowager Lü wanted to kill Prince Ruyi, but was afraid that any attempt might also harm her own son, and therefore could not carry out her plot for several months.
		Lü then removed him from the position and had him (as the Marquess of Anguo) returned to his march (in modern Baoding, Hebei) and promoted Chen to right prime minister ("right" being the more honored direction) and her lover Shen Yiji to left prime minister.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Empress_Dowager_L%FC (3070 words)

	Royalty.nu - Chinese History - Dowager Empress Tzu Hsi or Cixi
		The dowager empress certainly seems to have had a high opinion of her own intelligence and importance; a member of her court, Princess Der Ling, who wrote a book called Two Years in the Forbidden City, quoted Tzu Hsi as saying, "I have often thought that I am the most clever woman that ever lived...
		The new emperor, Kuang Hsu, was skinny, sickly, and terrified of the Empress Dowager.
		With the Empress Dowager of China by Katherine A. Carl.
	www.royalty.nu /Asia/China/TzuHsi.html (3019 words)

	Empress Dowager Cixi biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		She was privileged to become empress dowager only because she was the biological mother of the new emperor.
		As for the empress consort, she was made "Empress Mother Empress Dowager" (母后皇太后), a title giving her precedence over Cixi, and she was given the honorific name Ci'an (慈安) — meaning "motherly and calming".
		Concubine Dowager Kangci was the highest ranking surviving concubine of the late emperor Daoguang, and so she was the woman with the highest status inside the Forbidden City.
	empress-dowager-cixi.biography.ms (2664 words)

	Dowager biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		As long as the present title-holder is not married, a dowager is known by the title she used when her husband was the peer: "Duchess of X." However, the title "Duchess of X" will be used by the woman who marries the present peer.
		Thus, when the present peer marries, the dowager must choose whether she wants to use the form "Dowager Duchess of X" or the form "N, Duchess of X," where N is the forename.
		Catherine of Aragon was variously described as the "Princess Dowager of Wales" or "Dowager Princess of Wales" following the annulment of her marriage of King Henry VIII of England, on account of the fact prior to her marriage to Henry she was widow of Henry's older brother, Arthur, Prince of Wales.
	dowager.biography.ms (261 words)

	Empress Dowager Cixi
		Empress Dowager Cíxǐ; or Tz'u-hsi (慈禧), also sometimes referred to as The Holy Mother (聖母皇太后) and Venerable Buddha (老佛爺) by her subjects.
		As The Holy Mother Empress Dowager, along with Xianfeng's Empress, Empress Dowager Ci'an, she was able to gain the title of co-regent in 1863 and remained so for most of the period from 1861 until her death in 1908
		While seeking China's "self-strengthening" through strictly-controlled industrial and military growth, she opposed attempts at political modernization, staging a coup d'etat (September 21, 1898) against the political influence of the Guangxu Emperor to end the Hundred Days' Reform.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/empress_dowager_cixi (456 words)

	Dowager Empress
		The empress dowager, who is now practically the Empress of China, was not a slave-girl in her childhood, as was commonly reported by newspaper correspondents.
		It was reported that the empress dowager entered the city with fear and trembling, not knowing what foul trap the foreigners had laid for her capture, but certainly her face gave no such indication.
		Chinese officers declare that the empress dowager disapproved of "Boxerism;" that her wishes were overruled by the Boxer leaders, and that her edicts during the rebellion were garbled.
	nacrp.cic.sfu.ca /nacrp/articles/dowempress.htm (3409 words)

	Encyclopedia: Emperor Han Shangdi of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Empress Dowager Deng placed him on the throne when he was barely over 100 days old, despite having two older brothers who were born from a consort.
		This move solidified the power of the Empress dowager and prolonged the rule of the Empress dowager's family.
		Empress dowager Deng also raised Liu Hu (劉祜 Líu Hù), the twelve-year old cousin of Shangdi and future Emperor Han Aidi, in the palace as the successor to the throne as insurance against the baby emperor's death.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Emperor-Han-Shangdi-of-China (229 words)

	Empress dowager
		Empress Dowager (Chinese and Japanese: 皇太后; Chinese pinyin Húang Tài Hòu, Japanese pronunciation: Kōtaigō) was title given to the mother of a Chinese emperor.
		Numerous empress dowagers held regency during the reign of an underage emperor.
		Many of the most prominent empress dowagers also extended their control for long periods after the emperor was old enough to govern.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/empress_dowager (174 words)

	Encyclopedia: Empress Dowager LÃ¼ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Empress Dowager Lü (呂太后, pinyin: Lü Taihou) (d.
		According to legend, she conspired against Han Xin and Pang Yue; both were prominent generals and major contributors to the founding of the Han dynasty.
		The consort clan (外戚 Pinyin: waichi) is the family, clan or a group related to a spouse or a empress dowager of the Chinese dynastic ruler or a warlord.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Empress-Dowager-L%FC (785 words)

	VICTORIA, T. L. DA - LoveToKnow Article on VICTORIA, T. L. DA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		She went even further than this attempt to conciliate Irish feeling, and to show her recognition of the gallantry of the Irish soldiers she issued an order for them to wear the shamrock on St Patrick's Day, and for a new regiment of Irish Guards to be constituted.
		In the previous November the queen had had the pleasure of receiving, on a private visit, her grandson, the German Emperor, who came accompanied by the empress and by two of their sons.
		In 1603 he composed for the funeral of the empress Maria the greatest requiem of the Golden Age, which is his last known work, though in 1613 a contemporary speaks of him as still living.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /V/VI/VICTORIA_T_L_DA.htm (2204 words)

	Court Life In China by Isaac Taylor Headland : Arthur's Classic Novels
		Although the Empress Dowager was but a child of ten at this time she would receive her first impression of the foreigner, which was that he was a pirate who had come to carry away their wealth, to filch from them their land, and to overrun their country.
		It is unfortunate that the Empress Dowager should have died before this reform had been carried to a successful culmination, but whatever may be the result of the movement the fact and the credit of its initiation will ever belong to her.
		The Empress Dowager had set her heart upon this union, and she would not allow her plans to be frustrated, so an edict was issued that all people should remain within their homes on a certain night, for the bride was to be taken in her red chair from her father's home to the palace.
	arthurwendover.com /arthurs/child/clchi10.html (17510 words)

	Guangxu Emperor biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Guangxu was born Zaitian to the 1st prince Chun, who was married to Empress Dowager Cixi's younger sister.
		Initially after the death of Cixi's son, Emperor Tongzhi, the Empress Dowager Ci'an suggested Prince Gong's son but she was overruled by Cixi.
		For a brief time, after the supposed retirement of Empress Dowager Cixi, Emperor Guangxu began issuing edicts for a massive number of far-reaching modernizing reforms with the help of more progressive Qing mandarins like Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao.
	emperor-guangxu.biography.ms (357 words)

	[No title]
		Whether the Empress Dowager ever actually felt so positive about the Boxers’ ability is doubtful and also immaterial: a familiar pattern of the war, which is fitting with the bizarre manner of declaration, is the lack of a clear-cut policy.
		The Sing court was in a precarious position because it was weak; the civil and international pressures that were facing the Empress Dowager were the result of her ineptitude in letting the crisis intensify.
		The Qing court was weak and divided; because the Empress was preoccupied with her political survival, she failed to respond efficiently to a minor uprising staged by young peasants and consequently it grew out of control.
	www.bris.ac.uk /Depts/History/Projects/Boxers/qingwar.htm (2331 words)

	Empress Dowager Lü - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		After her husband Emperor Gao was killed in 195 BC by stray arrow in a frontier skirmish, her immense jealousy and power-hunger caused her to murder four of Emperor Gao's other sons and with an utmost inhumanity, another emperor-consort, Concubine Qi to secure the authority of her emperor son, Emperor Hui.
		Lü then called the dying, decapitated Qi the "Human-Pig".
		Members of the clan of Lü gradually took over important posts in the government under obvious aid from dowager Lü; however officials served under Emperor Gao, including Chen Ping, Zhou Bo and Guan Ying, eliminated the clan after the death of dowager Lü and placed Emperor Wen on the throne.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Empress_Dowager_L%FC (305 words)

	Empress Dowager Cixi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Empress Dowager Cixi (1835 - 1908) brought destruction to the Qing Dynasty, the last feudal dynasty in the long history of China.
		Written with remarkable charm and verve, this book is a delightful exploration of the history of her extraordinary life and long reign, relating both historical facts and apochryphal anecdotes about her private affairs.
		How did she climb from the bottom rung of the ladder as an ordinary ambitious girl to the top rung of power as an empress dowager?
	www.algora.com /Cixi.htm (200 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The title Grand Empress Dowager (simplified and traditional Chinese: 太皇太后, pinyin tai4 huang2 tai4 hou4) was given to the grandmother or a woman from the grandmother generation of the Chinese dynastic ruler.
		Some grand empress dowagers held regency within the beginning years of reign of an underage or young emperor.
		Nevertheless the most prominent and infamous dowagers extended long periods of regency even if the emperor was matured enough to govern alone, which was a source of political turmoil according to traditional view of Chinese history.
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Grand_Empress_Dowager (134 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The leading figure of the clan was either a sibling, cousin, or parent of the consort or concubine.
		Wang Mang - nephew of Empress Dowager Wang, cousin of Emperor Cheng of Han China and founder of the Xin Dynasty.
		Wu Sansi -- nephew of the Empress Wu
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Consort_clan (285 words)

	Register of Historical Women - L (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Roman patrician, courtier of emperor Domitian, related to the empress, criticized by Juvenal in his Satires for her shallow impiety towards the gods.
		Roman Vestal virgin, she took lovers, was acquitted, then again arrested and condemned by L. Cassius Longinus, with another vestal Marcia.
		Decimus Valerius Asiaticus, cos 35 C.E. Sister of empress Lollia Paullina, she was the mistress of Gaius Caligula.
	www.abitofhistory.net /html/rhw/L.htm (3254 words)

	Chinese Numismatics in Research µØ®L¬u³f·J¦Ò
		In 1901 he promoted as the Minister of Peiyang, gradually becoming the leader of the Peiyang warlords, as he won the trust of Empress Dowager Szu Hsi.
		In 1907, Yuan was summoned to the court to became a Grand Minister of the Privy Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs.
		After Dowager Empress died, he was stripped of all his offices in 1909.
	ykleungt.tripod.com /h-shuan.htm (752 words)

	Court Life in China by Isaac Taylor Headland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Empress Dowager, but in addition to these she has seen to it that
		the Empress Dowager as the goddess of mercy.
		Empress Dowager always knelt when presenting her with a dish.
	authorsdirectory.com /b/clchi10.htm (16240 words)

	About L. Ron Hubbard, Ron letters and Journals - The Second Asian Journal, continued
		$50,000,000 were given the Empress Dowager by the people to construct a Chinese Navy.
		Evidently in those days, to be honest was to be dishonorable for the Empress immediately drew up plans for a palace which was built about 10 miles outside the city of Peking and named the “Summer Palace.” To build it she used the money donated to build a Navy.
		She used this to construct a marble ship which now floats (to all suppositions) on the surface of a lake in the palace grounds.
	www.lronhubbard.org /eng/journal/page46.htm (305 words)

	Find in a Library: Empress dowager Cixi China's last dynasty and the long reign of a formitable concubine : legends and ...
		Find in a Library: Empress dowager Cixi China's last dynasty and the long reign of a formitable concubine : legends and lives during the declining days of the Qing dynasty
		Empress dowager Cixi China's last dynasty and the long reign of a formitable concubine : legends and lives during the declining days of the Qing dynasty
		Subjects: Cixi, -- Empress dowager of China, -- 1835-1908.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/3490bf65e347cfc5a19afeb4da09e526.html (94 words)

	Empress Dowager Cixi: China's Last Dynasty and the Long Reign of a Formidable Concubine : Legends and Lives During the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Empress Dowager Cixi: China's Last Dynasty and the Long Reign of a Formidable Concubine : Legends and Lives During the Declining Days of the Qing Dynasty
		Empress Dowager Cixi: China's Last Dynasty and the Long Reign of a Formidable Concubine : Legends and Lives During the Declining Days of the Qing Dynasty, by X. Woo
		How did she climb from the bottom rung of the ladder as an ambitious girl to the top rung of power as an empress dowager?The Empress Dowager Cixi (1835 - 1908) brought destruction to the Qing Dynasty, the last feudal dynasty in the long history of China.
	johnkeyes.com /a/1892941880-empress-dowager-cixi-china-s-last-dynasty-and-the-long-reign-of-a-formidable-concubine--legends-and-lives-during-the-declining-days-of-the-qing-dynasty.html (746 words)

	East Asian History Sourcebook: Isaac Taylor Headland: Court Life in China: The Capital, Its Officials and People
		Kuang Hsu was therefore the first occupant of the dragon throne whose face was turned to the future, and whose chief aim was to possess and to master every method that had enabled the peoples of the West to humiliate his people.
		New type was prepared, the finest foreign paper secured, and the book was made after the best style of the printer's art, with gilt borders, gilt edges, and bound in silver of an embossed bamboo pattern and encased in a silver box.
		He was in such a hurry to begin that he could not wait to send to England or America for books, and so the officials visited the various schools and missions in search of proper primers for a beginner.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/eastasia/headland-courtlife.html (17710 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Empress Dowager Cixi: China's Last Dynasty and the Long Reign of a Formidable Concubine : Legends ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Amazon.com: Books: Empress Dowager Cixi: China's Last Dynasty and the Long Reign of a Formidable Concubine : Legends and Lives During the Declining Days of the Qing Dynasty
		Empress Dowager Cixi: China's Last Dynasty and the Long Reign of a Formidable Concubine : Legends and Lives During the Declining Days of the Qing Dynasty (Paperback)
		Dragon of Heaven: The Memoirs of the Last Empress of China by David Bouchard
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1892941880?v=glance (870 words)

	Fiche Film SB : The Empress Dowager
		The Empress Dowager sera suivi de près par The Last Tempest, qui bénéficiera du même casting.
		Cependant, Empress Dowager arrive à nous faire appréhender ce que pouvait être la vie de cour en Chine à la fin du XIXème siècle, sans trop de caricatures.
		Or, dans Empress Dowager, la gageure consiste à le faire jouer un être peureux, craintif, immature (on le voit jouer au cheval sur le dos d'un de ses serviteurs ou faire semblant d'être malade pour ne pas avoir à prendre de décision devant ses ministres), véritable marionnette entre les mains de sa tante.
	cine-hk.chez.tiscali.fr /Hkcine/SITE/ARTICLESJ_L/filmsSB/film-empress-dowager.htm (1040 words)

	Empress Dowager Cixi (ebook) - X. L. Woo - Adobe Reader eBooks
		Empress Dowager Cixi (ebook) - X. Woo - Adobe Reader eBooks
		Written with charm, this book is a delightful exploration of the history of her extraordinary life and long reign, relating both historical facts and apochryphal anecdotes about her private affairs.
		How did she climb from the bottom rung of the ladder as an ambitious girl to the top rung of power as an empress dowager?
	www.ebookmall.com /ebook/111000-ebook.htm (483 words)

	Empress dowager - China-related Topics E-H - China-Related Topics
		Empress dowager - China-related Topics E-H - China-Related Topics
		Empress Dowager (Chinese languageChinese and Japanese languageJapanese: 皇太后; Chinese pinyin H?ang T?i H?u, Japanese pronunciation: Kōtaigō) was title given to the mother of a ChinaChinese emperor.
		The title was also given occasionally to another woman of the same generation, while a woman from the previous generation was sometimes given the title of Grand Empress Dowager.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Empress_dowager (208 words)

	Fiction_L Archives (2003) - Concubine turns Empress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		I have a patron who is looking for what she believes to be a novel by Pearl S. Buck about a peasant farm girl who is taken from her family and forced to become a
		She says the character is very strong willed, which is why she becomes Empress.
		REC'D: 5/1/03, 4:33 PM "Imperial Woman," the story of the Dowager Empress of China, it is indeed by
	www.webrary.org /MaillistF/msg/2003/5/Re.ConcubineturnsEmpress.html (707 words)

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