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Topic: Empress Dowager Xiao Zhuang

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	Xiaozhuangren Grand Empress Dowager - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Grand Empress Dowager Xiao Zhuang Wen (孝莊太后 Hiyooungga Ambalinggū Genggiyenu Hūwanghu as the Empress in Manchu; 1613-1688) was the grandmother of Emperor Kang Xi of the Qing Dynasty.
		Her aunt, Jere, was married to Hong Taiji who also became an empress dowager when Hong Taiji died and was succeeded by Xiao Zhuang's son, Shun Zhi.
		Xiao Zhuang was summoned back into the politics of the Qing dynasty.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Xiaozhuangren_Grand_Empress_Dowager (498 words)

	China_Heads_of_State
		Empress Dowager He was accused of the murder of Empress Dowager Dong and ordered to move to the Yongle Palace, outside the main palace complex.
		When the allies of Empress Jia attacked, she wrote an edict ordering assistance for Yang Jun and put it on arrows, shooting it out of the palace, but then made the bold declaration that the Dowager Empress was committing treason.
		After the death of Empress Wu Zetian, the court of the reinstalled emperor Zhongzong was controlled by the clan of his wife, Empress We, her daughter Princess Anle and Wu Sansi, a relative of late Empress Wu Zetian.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /China_Heads.htm (4081 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		His mother was the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang who was an excellent politician during the period.
		Grandmother: Empress Monggu, from the Yehe Nara clan.
		The Demoted Empress (廢后), from the Borjigit clan, niece of Xiao Zhuang Grand Imperial Dowager Empress, demoted in 1653
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Shunzhi_Emperor_of_China (933 words)

	Xiao - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Duke Xiao of Qin — Chinese ruler of the state of Qin
		Xiao He — one of the most highly regarded statesmen in Chinese history, and the first Prime Minister of the Han Dynasty.
		Xiao — xiao (3rd tone) means small in Chinese.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Xiao (122 words)

	Xiaozhuangwen Grand Empress Dowager - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Grand Empress Dowager Xiao Zhuang Wen (Chinese: 孝莊太后 Hiyoošungga Ambalinggū Genggiyenšu Hūwanghu as the Empress in Manchu; March 28, 1613 - January 27, 1688) was the grandmother of Emperor Kang Xi of the Qing Dynasty.
		Her aunt, Jere, was married to Huang Taiji who also became an empress dowager when Huang Taiji died and was succeeded by Xiao Zhuang's son, Shun Zhi.
		Xiao Zhuang took charge of Kang Xi's upbringing after the death of his mother.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Xiaozhuangren_Grand_Empress_Dowager (558 words)

	Women in power 1640-1670
		1645 Regent Dowager Empress Yudokia Lukyamanova Stresneva of Russia
		1647-53 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Hereditary Princess Magdalene Sibylla von Sachsen of Denmark of Lolland-Falster, Royal County Sheriff of the County of Nykøbing with the two Shires of Falster and the County of Ålholm, Denmark
		Count Peter Melander von Holzappel, who had gained the position of Imperial Immidiate in 1643 from Emperor Ferdiand III (Freien Reichsunmittelbaren Grafschaft Holzappel), she was able to expand the territory in 1656 by aquireing the Castle and Lordship of Schaumburg bei Balduinstein.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /womeninpower/Womeninpower1640.htm (5567 words)

	Empress Dowager Cixi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1872, the son of the Ci Xi Dowager Empress, the Tong Zhi Emperor, was married.
		Empress Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty, are generally positively reassessed by modern historians, the negative views on Dowager Cixi largely remains.
		Dowager Cixi enjoyed boating on the lake at the Summer Palace, walks through the gardens and grounds of the Palace (actually the Imperial family rode in sedan chairs so the eunuchs did the majority of the walking), and presentations of Chinese opera in the Summer Palace Opera house.
	soldir.solutionsadvancing.com /wiki/index.php/Ci_Xi (4760 words)

	Wikipedia: Shunzhi Emperor of China
		His mother was Empress Dowager Xiao Zhuang who was an excellent politician during the period.
		The young emperor disliked his uncle, the chief regent Prince Dorgon, and after Dorgon's death in 1650 the emperor stripped both him and Dorgon's brother, Prince Dodo, of their titles, although he was only 12 years old at the time.
		2) Empress Xiao Kang (Hiyooungga Nesuken Eldembuhe Hūwanghu) (1639-1663) from the Tunggiya clan
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/s/sh/shunzhi_emperor_of_china.html (420 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Shunzhi Emperor
		Mother: concubine Zhuang, who later became the Xiao Zhuang Grand Imperial Dowager Empress (Manchu: Hiyoošungga Ambalinggū Genggiyenšu Hūwanghu), the daughter of a Mongol prince of the Borjigit clan (the descendants of Chinggis Khan's brother Jöchi Khasar)
		She was made the Ci He Imperial Dowager Empress (慈和皇太后) in 1661 when Kang Xi became emperor.
		She is known posthumously as Empress Xiao Kang Zhang (Manchu: Hiyoošungga Nesuken Eldembuhe Hūwanghu).
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Shunzhi_Emperor (889 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Kangxi Emperor
		After Kangxi's first Empress gave birth to his second son Yinreng, who was immediately named Crown Prince of the Great Qing Emprire, many rivalries had began to eventually isolate Yinreng.
		She was made Empress Dowager Cihe (慈和皇太后) in 1661 when Kangxi became emperor.
		She is known posthumously as Empress Xiaokang Zhang (Chinese: 孝康章皇后; Manchu: Hiyoošungga Nesuken Eldembuhe Hūwanghu).
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Kangxi (1267 words)

	Xiaozhuangren Grand Empress Dowager (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Grand Empress Dowager Xiao Zhuang (孝莊太后 Hiyooungga Ambalinggū Genggiyenu Hūwanghu as the Empress in Manchu ; died 1688) was the grandmother of Emperor Kang Xi of the Qing Dynasty.
		Xiao kept a low profile during her son's Her relationship with her son was always by historians.
		Xiao Zhuang took charge of Kang Xi's after the death of his mother.
	www.freeglossary.com /Grand_Empress_Dowager_Xiao_Zhuang (906 words)

	Dorgon and the Dowager Empress? - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		Xiao Zhuang (Da Yuer) was actually bethrothed to Dorgon (14th son of Nurhachi), but his 4th brother Huang Taiji married her instead.
		Grand Empress Dowager Xiao Zhuang Wen was the Empress in Manchu and was the grandmother of Emperor Kang Xi of the Qing Dynasty
		It was also certain that Empress Xiao Zhuang did marry Prince Dorgon after her husband’s death; however, this was way after the birth of her son, so there should be no suspicions on who is the Emperor’s real father.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=1070&st=0&p=4738411&#entry4738411 (2874 words)

	NORTHERN WEI : Encyclopedia Entry
		Empresses were not named according to imperial favors or nobility of birth, but required that the candidates submit themselves to a ceremony where they had to personally forge golden statues, as a way of discerning divine favor.
		All men, regardless of ethnicity, were ordered to tie their hair into a single braid that would then be rolled and place on top of the head, and then have a cap worn over the head.
		^ Empress Dowager Hu initially declared Emperor Xiaoming's "son" (actually a daughter) emperor, but almost immediately after admitted that she was actually female and declared Yuan Zhao emperor instead.
	bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Northern_Wei (502 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		During the early years of his reign, he was largely aided by his grandmother, the Grand Empress Dowager, Xiaozhuang.
		The Empress Dowager Cixi, concubine to the Emperor Xianfeng (r.
		With permission from Empress Dowager Longyu, Yuan began negotiating with Sun Yat-sen, who decided that his goal had been achieved in forming a republic, and that therefore he could allow Yuan to step into the position of President of the Republic.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Qing_Empire (8228 words)

	Chinese History - Song Dynasty å® event history (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Because the emperor was still in his youth, Empress Dowager Liu åå¤ªå took over regency for the next twelve years, with the help of her favorits LÃ¼ Yijian å‘å¤·ç°¡ and Yan Shu ææ®.
		When the empress dowager died, Renzong dismissed LÃ¼ Yijian but called him back soon because he was unable to conduct government without this experienced minister.
		Empress Dowager Xiang å‘å¤ªå was able to take over regency, took advantage of the discrepancies among the high officials and installed her own adherers.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Song/song-event.html (8681 words)

	Emperor Guangwu of Han Summary
		He claimed that his mother was a singer in Emperor Cheng's service, and that Empress Zhao Feiyan had tried to kill him after his birth, but that a substitute child was killed indeed.
		Wei Xiao (隗囂), nominally the commander of the Xizhou (西州) region paying allegiance to Emperor Guangwu, but who independently controlled the modern eastern Gansu region, east of the Yellow River.
		Rather than imprisoning Guo (as is often the fate of deposed empresses), however, he created her son Liu Fu (劉輔) the Prince of Zhongshan and created her the Princess Dowager of Zhongshan.
	www.bookrags.com /Emperor_Guangwu_of_Han (5409 words)

	Empress ruled the Empire? (China History Forum, online chinese history forum)
		The semi-mythical Empress Jingu is even supposed to have led an invasion of Korea in the 3rd century while pregnant with the child of her late husband the emperor (this son was later deified as the Japanese war god Hachiman).
		All powerful, capable and ambitious empresses or empress dowagers in Chinese history have had to be even more ruthless than their male counterparts, because they have had to face much more opposition from their male courtiers.
		This empress was no paragon of virtue and although like Deng Sui she was childless, she poisoned the only concubine who had borne Andi a son, and then had the son himself demoted from the position of Crown Prince.
	z7.invisionfree.com /China_History_Forum/ar/t469.htm (3926 words)

	China History Forum, online chinese history forum -> Empress ruled the Empire?
		The semi-mythical Empress Jingu is even supposed to have led an invasion of Korea in the 3rd century while pregnant with the child of her late husband the emperor (this son was later deified as the Japanese war god Hachiman).
		All powerful, capable and ambitious empresses or empress dowagers in Chinese history have had to be even more ruthless than their male counterparts, because they have had to face much more opposition from their male courtiers.
		This empress was no paragon of virtue and although like Deng Sui she was childless, she poisoned the only concubine who had borne Andi a son, and then had the son himself demoted from the position of Crown Prince.
	s7.invisionfree.com /China_History_Forum/index.php?showtopic=469 (3935 words)

	Ethics of Legalism, Qin Empire and Han Dynasty by Sanderson Beck
		Empress Lu imprisoned Lady Qi and sent for her son Ruyi, who was king of Zhao.
		Empress Lü had the Emperor's real mother killed; but when he was old enough to discover that Empress Lu's daughter was not his real mother, he declared he would change things when he grew up.
		Zhao Feiyen was declared empress in 16 BC; but she and her sister were childless, and their jealousy caused two of his sons by other women to be murdered, leaving no direct heir.
	www.san.beck.org /EC16-Legalism.html (14635 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Xiaozhuangren Grand Empress Dowager
		Grand Empress Dowager Xiao Zhuang Wen (孝莊太后 Hiyooungga Ambalinggū Genggiyenu Hūwanghu as the Empress in Manchu; 1613-1688) was the grandmother of Emperor Kang Xi of the Qing Dynasty.
		After the death of Dorgon, his family was punished by the emperor and all his titles were taken away.
		This probably helped to explain why Dorgon and his brother, Dodo received posthumous punishments.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Empress_Xiaozhuang (654 words)

	The Three Kingdoms -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Empress He-hou was recorded to be a beauty who had a height of 7 Chinese feet and 1 inch.
		Dowager Empress Hehou was of a butcher's family.
		After becoming empress, her brother Heh Jin was conferred the post of shi zhong, and her father Heh Zhen, the post of cheqi jiangjun (chariot general) and Marquis Wuyang-hou.
	www.republicanchina.org /3Kingdoms.html (8430 words)

	The Three Kingdoms -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Empress He-hou was recorded to be a beauty who had a height of 7 Chinese feet and 1 inch.
		Dowager Empress Hehou was of a butcher's family.
		After becoming empress, her brother Heh Jin was conferred the post of shi zhong, and her father Heh Zhen, the post of cheqi jiangjun (chariot general) and Marquis Wuyang-hou.
	www.uglychinese.org /threestates.htm (8395 words)

	Reviews [Point2e]: The Conqueror's Story [TVB]
		Hard to believe she will become the future empress dowager of one of Han Dynasty's most reverred Emperor who by the way was rumoured to be a homosexual or at least bisexual.
		What's worse was the narration of Bok Gei being empress dowager was so ineffective and so unclear I didn't even know that was it, that her son became the Emperor and I was like "HUH?".
		Liu Bang plotted the assassination of Empress Lü and his oldest son but died at the age of sixty-one, when he suffered a relapse from his former injuries, the order for the assassination was therefore never sent out.
	www.point2e.com /rev/2006/05/conquerors-story-tvb.htm (21624 words)

	Famous Ancient Chinese People Topic Center - Chinese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Xiaowen was an emperor of the Northern Wei dynasty around the 5th century, see Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei China.
		Xiaozhuangren Grand Empress Dowager Grand Empress Dowager Xiao Zhuang Wen (孝莊太后 Hiyoo?ungga Ambalinggū...
		Younger Qiao cleanup-dateApril 2005 Xiao Qiao (zh-tspt=小喬 s=小乔 p=Xiǎoqiáo)(lifespan: unk...
	www.famouschinese.com /topic/Famous_Ancient_Chinese_People (2033 words)

	Empress Xiao Zhuang - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		We are all aware that the nearly 300-year rule of the Qing Dynasty came to an end mostly in the hands of Empress Ci Xi.
		I know that opinions for Empress Ci Xi can vary greatly depending on the sources, but it is undisputable that she is very famous.
		I have seen all the TV Series about Empress Xiao Zhuang, and I am very confused because each of the TV Series portrayed her in a different light.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=13581&pid=4852186&st=0&#entry4852186 (1034 words)

	New Page 1
		He has a sister, Dao Ming Zhuang, who is a lot like him, and his mother, Dao Ming Feng, is as headstrong as her son.
		However, when a courageous Xiao You confesses her love for him, he sort of changes for a while.
		Dao Ming Feng - The empress dowager of the Dao Ming household and Dao Ming si's ferocious mom.
	www.angelfire.com /biz7/f4/MGcast.htm (982 words)

	Ethics of China 7 BC To 1279 by Sanderson Beck
		Wang Mang, nephew of the empress dowager Wang and championing Confucian principles, consolidated his power in the reign of the boy Ping Di by marrying his daughter to the emperor.
		In 690 Empress Wu inaugurated the Zhou dynasty, proclaimed herself an incarnation of the future Buddha Maitreya, and made Luoyang the "holy capital." In 693 she replaced the compulsory Dao De Jing in the curriculum temporarily with her own Rules for Officials.
		Ren Dejing, a former Song military commander whose daughter was an empress dowager, led the effort that suppressed the rebellion.
	www.san.beck.org /AB3-China.html (20851 words)

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		In 1636, the aunt was the first Empress when Huangtaiji ascended the throne as the Taizong Emperor of the Manchurian Later Jin Dynasty, which later transformed into the Qing Dynasty in 1644 when China came under the rule of Doergun.
		It was speculated that Dowager Empress Xiao Zhuang played a role to eliminate her lover, Doergun, with the help of another Manchu general, Aobai, so as to prevent Doergun from excessive power.
		Doergun's death was clouded in mystery, and the Dowager Empress who has been said to be Marchiavellian in having a relationship with Doergun, sustaining the lackluster Shunzhir Emperor, later removing Doergun and then helping to eliminate General Aobai when he conspired to usurp the Kangxi Emperor.
	www.penpalfriend.com /node/645279 (943 words)

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