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	Other Information of- Empress Wu Zetian. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-07)
		Wu Zetian (武則天 pinyin : Wǔ Zétiān) (625 - December 16 ¸ 705)¸ personal name Wu Zhao (武曌)¸ was the only female emperor in the history of China ¸ founding her own dynasty¸ the Zhou (周;)¸ and ruling under the name Emperor Shengshen (聖神皇帝) from 690 to 705.
		Her father was Wu Shihuo (武士彠) (577 - 635)¸ a member of a renowned aristocratic family of Shanxi¸ and an ally of Emperor Gaozu of Tang China ¸ the founder of the Tang Dynasty ¸ in his conquest of power (Li Yuan was himself from a renowned aristocratic family of Shanxi).
		Empress Wu died nine months later¸ perhaps consoled by the fact that her nephew Wu Sansi (武三思)¸ son of her half-brother and as ambitious and intriguing as she¸ had managed to become the real master behind the scenes¸ controlling the restored emperor through his empress consort with whom he was having an affair.
	empress.wu.zetian.en.moneylist.info (2201 words)

	Chinese history:Tang Dynasty-Women of the Tang Dynasty
		Having worked as Emperor Taizong's secretary for 12 years, Wu Zetian was very familiar with the former emperor's main priorities in his management of state affairs, many of which she followed, for example, his stress on agriculture, reducing tax and corvee, practicing a peaceful foreign policy, and widely soliciting advice and suggestions.
		During Wu Zetian's reign, the achievements of her predecessors were carried forward and further developed, eventually bringing the Tang Dynasty to the peak of its Kaiyuan splendor.
		Wu Zetian left orders that upon her death a tablet should be erected in front of the tomb in which she and Emperor Gaozong were buried, but that this tablet be left blank.
	www.chinavoc.com /history/tang/women.htm (2600 words)

	ªZ«h¤Ñ - Wu Zetian
		Before reading about Wu Zetian's early life, one should bear in mind that Wu Zetian did not become Empress until she was around 30 and records of her life to that time are extremely scarce.
		Wu Zetian was traditionally believed to have been born in 624.
		Wu Zetian was a Cai-Ren of Taizong, and the possibility of having an accusation of incest could only flen the emperor's reputation.
	www15.brinkster.com /orientalempire/life1.htm (1609 words)

	Wu Zetian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Her father was Wu Shihuo (武士彠) (577-635), a member of a renowned Shanxi aristocratic family, and an ally of Li Yuan, the founder of the Tang Dynasty, in his conquest of power (Li was himself also from a renowned Shanxi aristocratic family).
		Wu Zetian was not born in Wenshui however, as her father was a high-ranking civil servant serving in various posts and locations along his life.
		On February 20, 705, now in her early 80s and ailing, Empress Wu was unable to thwart a coup, during which the Zhang brothers were executed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Empress_Wu_Zetian_of_China (1729 words)

	empress wu
		She was Wu Zetian, the only female in Chinese history to rule as emperor.
		The Empress Wu took over the administrative duties of the court, a position equal to the emperor.
		In 690, Wu's youngest son removed himself from office, and Wu Zetian was declared emperor of China.
	journeyeast.tripod.com /empress_wu.html (1834 words)

	Li Shimin: Tang Dynasty
		Empress Wu was the only female monarch of China, and remains the most remarkable, influential and mysterious woman in Chinese history.
		Finally, in 690 Wu Zetian usurped the throne and declared the empire was henceforth ruled by the Zhou Dynasty from her capital city Luoyang.
		However, once Wu Zetian was satisfied that her regime was secure, she did relax some of her repressive measures and there were far fewer executions.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/tang/emperor_wuzetian.htm (2082 words)

	China History Forum, online chinese history forum -> Empress ruled the Empire?
		Wu also had lotsa male lovers which included captains of the guard, her personal doctor and some she even shared with her own daughter!! The most notorious of her lovers would the brothers Zhang Zhong Bao (I forgot the names of the other ones).
		The semi-mythical Empress Jingu is even supposed to have led an invasion of Korea in the 3rd century while pregnant with the child of her late husband the emperor (this son was later deified as the Japanese war god Hachiman).
		This empress was no paragon of virtue and although like Deng Sui she was childless, she poisoned the only concubine who had borne Andi a son, and then had the son himself demoted from the position of Crown Prince.
	s7.invisionfree.com /China_History_Forum/index.php?showtopic=469 (3935 words)

	Empress Wu Zetian
		Wu Zhao, also known as Wu Zetian or Empress Wu, was born in 624 A.D, the daughter of an influential noble.
		Empress Wu died at approximately age 80, a troubled and tormented person who often sought advice and counsel from soothsayers and witches.
		In conclusion, Empress Wu was a malicious and cunning woman, who used her beauty and guile to achieve her own agenda.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/bios/b3wuempress.htm (1011 words)

	Empress Wu Zetian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-07)
		Empress Wang was disgraced and Mei was promoted to the position of Empress in her place.
		Wu appointed cruel officials to eliminate any opposition to her rule, putting any innocent people to death until she was satisfied her administration was secure.
		Wu Zetian died at the age of 82 and was buried next to her Emperor Gaozong in present day Xi’an City.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Article/418928 (1516 words)

	Qianling Tomb - Xi'an, Empress Wu Zetian
		She was the seventh daughter of Tang Emperor Zhongzong (Li Xian), and the grand daughter of Tang Emperor Gaozong and his wife Empress Wu Zetian.
		Wu Zetian thought that she was attacked by insinuations and compared to Lu Hou.
		When Wu Zetian discovered this, she deprived him of the title of crown prince and made him a commoner.
	www.cnhomestay.com /city/xian/qianling.htm (2485 words)

	China Corner - Traditional Chinese Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-07)
		He bestowed Wu Zetian the title Meiniang which means `charming lady` and she was assigned to work in the imperial study.
		Wu Zetian proved to be a very competent monarch and throughout her reign the legacy of prosperity was bequeathed.
		Wu Zetian was eager to draw into her government all manner of talented people.
	www.china-corner.com /article_list.asp?id=591 (992 words)

	Female Hero: Empress Wu Zetian-Resources (Women in World History Curriculum)
		What has been considered the "official" Confucian histories of Wu were written almost three hundred years after her reign and tend to be prejudicial in assessing her political career.
		Wu Zetian may indeed have weakened aspects of the Tang dynasty while strengthening other parts of it.
		The painting of the female dancer on the Empress Wu biography page is a Tang dynasty tomb painting, one of many from the period that have been preserved in tombs of the elite.
	www.womeninworldhistory.com /moreWu.html (590 words)

	Empress Wu Zetian of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-07)
		She began as a member of the harem of Emperor Tang Taizong of China and was given the name Wu Mei (武媚 Wu3 Mei4).
		After Gaozong suffered a stroke, she began to govern China from behind the scenes through him and subsequent puppet emperors, only assuming power herself in 690, when she declared the Zhou Dynasty (not to be confused with the first Zhou Dynasty).
		Traditional Chinese political theory did not allow a woman to ascend the throne and Empress Wu was determined to squash the opposition and promote loyal officials within the bureaucracy.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/e/em/empress_wu_zetian_of_china.html (317 words)

	Chinese Zodiac Online: Horoscopes, predictions, daily astrology help and the outlooks for the year & month.
		Wu Zetian was born in during a time where the women in ancient China were able to contribute to politics and culture.
		Wu soon won the emperor's favor and with some smart scheming, took over the place of the empress.
		In 705 AD, Wu was pressured to abdicate the throne in favor of her third son.
	www.chinesezodiaconline.com /resources/articles/detail.asp?id=171 (1100 words)

	Wu Zetian : China's Only Empress
		Wu Zetian was born in 625 to a wealthy and noble family.
		Wu Zetian soon silenced her opposition with cunning and the full force of her newly found power, and when Gaozong was left crippled by a stroke in 660, she took charge of the court.
		Her obvious next step was to be declared Empress, which she did in 690, however, she also had a Confucian tradition which did not allow for women rulers to contend against.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/oriental_history/89858 (492 words)

	Wu Zetian
		As Wu Zetian had always expressed a strong interest in politics and had given him many great suggestions, Gao Zong let her run the country on his behalf.
		Because the two oldest sons of Wu Zetian and Gao Zong met with an untimely end, the third one ascended the throne and became the emperor Zhong Zong.
		Wu Zetian became the empress when she was in her thirties.
	www.edhelper.com /ReadingComprehension_42_5.html (548 words)

	Talk:Wu Zetian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was used after Wu Zetian's death, as the biographies that you linked are showing, but it doesn't mean that because it was used after her death it was a posthumous name.
		When Wu Zetian became in control of her husband Emperor Gaozong in the 660s, she wanted to show her power to all, and so she managed to convince her weak husband to change her and his title.
		Calling Wu Zetian merely as Empress Wu would actually support the POV of the restored Tang Dynasty after the palace coup that disposed her of power.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Wu_Zetian (2299 words)

	Discussions, Comments China the Beautiful -November 1999
		Empress Wu zetian (Wu Zhao) was sent to a Buddhist temple, not a Daoist temple, as a nun following the death of her first husband, the Emperor Taizong.
		Wu Zetian was a woman ahead of her times, capable of outwitting any man with brains and charms, but also negatively personified as one capable of killing anyone, even her children, to achieve her ambitions.
		The study of Wu Zetian is exciting and the later Qing Empress Cixi (of the Boxer rebellion fame) tried to imitate her with disastrous consequences to the Manchu dynasty and setting the Qings onto its terminal stage.
	www.chinapage.com /archive/guestread-99-11.html (15322 words)

	Chinese History, Tang dynasty
		Wu Zetian didn't begin as an empress but one of concubines of Gaozong, who was fascinated by her beauty and willing to oust his previous empress to install her instead.
		Once installed as empress, Wu Zetian moved quickly to eliminate all her rivals and opponents.
		Although Empress Wu was known as a ruthless ruler, she encouraged agricultural production and maintained Taizong's effective governmental policies.
	www.hometownchina.com /tang.htm (401 words)

	Northwest Asian Weekly: Empress, by Shan Sa. Published by Regan Books
		The story begins in Wu’s native town, where she is noticed by a high-ranking general who recommends her to the emperor’s court.
		Wu states that “shut away in his palace and surrounded by courtiers dressed in brocade, the Master of the Empire knows nothing of hunger, poverty, and the trials of life.
		Impressive in scope and lyrically breathtaking, Empress is a poetic tour de force that portrays Wu Zetian’s life in all its phases and incarnations.
	www.nwasianweekly.com /20062435/books20062435.htm (495 words)

	Empress Wu Zetian
		While the Crown Prince was attending his father, he found Wu Chao kneeling before him with a bowl of water for him to wash his hands, as he dips his hands in the water; he accidentally splashed some water on to her face.
		Wu Chao in a rage ordered that their hands and feet be cut off and that they be thrown in a wine vat (Wills, 134).
		Empress Wu Tse-t'ian saw the opportunity to rule China-- she attended meetings for her husband and made all the decisions.
	www.indiana.edu /~ealc100/Group3/Empress_Wu_Zetian.htm (1228 words)

	Wikinfo \| Empress Wu Zetian of China
		Wu Zetian (武則天 in pinyin: wu3 ze2 tian1) (625-705), reigning name Empress Wu (武后 wu3 hou4), self-named Wu Zhao (武曌 wu3 zhao4), from Wenshui (now Wenshui County (文水縣), Shanxi), is the only reigning female in the History of China.
		After Gaozong suffered a stroke, she began to govern China from behind the scenes through him and subsequent puppet emperors, only assuming power herself in 690, when she declared the Zhou Dynasty (not to be confused with the first Zhou Dynasty, lasting from 1122 BC to 256 BC).
		Although it was short-lived, some historians consider the establishment of this Zhou dynasty the result of better equality between the sexes during the preceding and succeeding Tang Dynasty.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Wu_Zetian,_Empress_of_China (401 words)

	Book.ie - Empress ($1.85 USD, £1.03 GBP) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-07)
		Be warned: this is by far the most sympathetic and favorable presentation of the Empress Wu.
		As a scholar currently researching the Empress Wu Zetian I can tell you that coming up with historical information on her can be tricky and difficult.
		McCune not only humanizes Wu Zetian, but justifies many of her actions (even if some of the less noble moments are glossed over.) The book should not to be taken as the gospel truth, but it is a very enjoyable novel.
	network.programming-in.net /book/book.aspx?Empress (367 words)

	Qian Tomb
		The Qian Tomb [ä¹¾éµ] at the western end of the 150km stretch, shared by Gaozong [å”é«å®—] and his wife, empress Wu Zetian [æ¦åå¤©], is the second largest complex with a perimeter of 40km.
		A highly successful and yet controversial figure (being the only female emperor in history), Wu wisely left the judgement on her political achievement to later generations and dynasties.
		The tomb was excavated from July 1971 to May 1972 and found to have an underground tunnel of 100.8 m leading to a palace where the prince's stone coffin rests.
	www.cs.iastate.edu /~jia/album/2005/album-qian-tomb.html (678 words)

	Empress Wu Zetian
		Time can not erase the extradinary deeds of Empress Wu Zetian, and her romances still exert an attraction on people.
		After the death of Emperor Taizong, Wu Meiniang is sent to the Ganyie Temple where she suffers all kinds of humiliations.
		In a series of court conflicts, she kills her own daughter so as to put the blame on the Empress, and defeats the Prime Minister Zhangsum Wuji.
	www.chinesemall.com /emwuzet.html (166 words)

	Chinese History - Tang Dynasty å” event history (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Empress Wu encouraged agricultural acitivities in order to raise the economical output and the national revenue.
		During her 15 years long reign the economical situation was formidable, basing on the regulations of the Zhenguan period of Tang Taizong.
		But Empress Wu Zetian also spent a lot on Buddhist monasteries and exploited the peasantsâ workforce for religious buildings and constructions like in the Longmen Grottoes é¾é—ç³çª.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Tang/tang-event.html (4601 words)

	Amazon.com: Empress: Books: Evelyn Mccune (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-07)
		At 13, Wu Jao, the second daughter of a minor nobleman's wife, is summoned to serve as a concubine to the Emperor Taitsung.
		A Tang Dynasty empress and her attendants depicted in costumes of the Qing (Manchu) Dynasty is as ludicrous as Queen Isabella garbed in Victorian dress.
		The new emperor, Emperor Kaotsung, remembers Wu Jao from his childhood, how fond of her he was, and sends for her to return to the palace.
	www.amazon.com /Empress-Evelyn-Mccune/dp/044990749X (1627 words)

	Royalty.nu - The History of China - Chinese Royalty
		Empresses and Consorts: Selections From Chen Shou's Records of the Three States With Pei Songzhi's Commentary by Chen Shou, Robert Joe Cutter, William Gordon Crowell, and Pei Songzhi.
		Fictional account of the life of Empress Wu, China's only female emperor, who emerged in the seventh century during the great Tang Dynasty and ushered in a golden age.
		Empress of China: Wu Ze Tian by Cheng-An Chiang, illustrated by Xu De Yuan.
	www.royalty.nu /Asia/China/index.html (2151 words)

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