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Topic: Emulsion polymerization

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	Synthetic resin emulsion and its uses - Patent 4350788
		An adhesive which comprises an aqueous emulsion of a synthetic resin containing an acetoacetylated polyvinyl alcohol as a protective colloid, wherein the acetoacetyl content of the acetoacetylated polyvinyl alcohol is from 0.05 to 15% by mole and the residual acetyl content of the acetoacetylated polyvinyl alcohol is from 0.1 to 15% by mole.
		A paint which comprises an aqueous emulsion of a synthetic resin containing an acetoacetylated polyvinyl alcohol as a protective colloid, wherein the acetoacetyl content of the acetoacetylated polyvinyl alcohol is from 0.05 to 15% by mole and the residual acetyl content of the acetoacetylated polyvinyl alcohol is from 0.1 to 15% by mole.
		A cement modifier which comprises an aqueous emulsion of a synthetic resin containing an acetoacetylated polyvinyl alcohol as a protective colloid, wherein the acetoacetyl content of the acetoacetylated polyvinyl alcohol is from 0.05 to 15% by mole and the residual acetyl content of the acetoacetylated polyvinyl alcohol is from 0.1 to 15% by mole.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4350788.html (8496 words)

	Emulsion polymerization -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The most common type of emulsion polymerization is an oil-in-water emulsion, in which droplets of monomer (the oil) are emulsified (with surfactants) in a continuous phase of water.
		Most emulsion polymerizations use a (additional info and facts about free-radical) free-radical polymerization method.
		Emulsion poymerization can be carried out as a batch reaction, but in many cases is performed as a (additional info and facts about starve-fed) starve-fed reaction to insure a good distribution of monomers into the polymer (additional info and facts about backbone chain) backbone chain.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/em/emulsion_polymerization.htm (473 words)

	Sprayable roof coating systems — Arizona - Patent & Trademark Lawyer
		Emulsion polymerization is a unique process in that it affords a means of increasing the polymer molecular weight without decreasing the polymerization rate.
		Additionally, it is known that an ionic emulsion may be coagulated (through aggregation of the separate particles and polymerization) by the addition of surfactants or electrolyte with opposite charge to the ions used to stabilize the latex particles.
		In the sprayable roof mastics used according to the present invention, an ionic latex emulsion is used as the binder, and the latex remains stabilized by electrostatic repulsion of the particles therein by maintaining the pH of the roof mastic within desired ranges.
	www.patentdoc.com /issued/1997_2001/5985366.html (6023 words)

	Emulsion Polymerization
		In 1927 butadiene was polymerized into a latex using emulsifierse and peroxide initiators.
		The molecular weight gain may be higher for emulsion polymerization may be higher than for a similar bulk polymerization.
		Emulsion does not require a vigorous mechanical separation (e.g., stirring) which is necessary for suspension polymerization to keep the monomer bubbles from coming together to form one phase.
	web.umr.edu /~wlf/Synthesis/emulsion.html (910 words)

	Siliconized emulsion based pressure-sensitive adhesives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		According to the present invention, the performance of emulsion acrylic-based, pressure-sensitive adhesives, is significantly improved by the inclusion of minor amounts of one or more reactive silicone acrylate polymers as part of the monomer system undergoing emulsion polymerization.
		The bulk of the monomers of the pressure-sensitive adhesives emulsion polymers of the instant invention are soft monomers the bulk of which are alkyl acrylic monomers present in a total amount of from about 50 to about 95% by weight of the tacky polymer.
		Tacky emulsion polymers of the instant invention can be prepared to provide both a high cohesive strength and holding power and adhesion to a variety of substrates as well as moisture resistance as exhibited by a resistance to water spotting far in excess of an hour.
	www.emergenthomestore.com /techcat/siliconized_emulsion_based_pressure-sensitive.html (2184 words)

	Lehigh Short Course
		Emulsion polymerization kinetics are usually reported in terms of the conversion of monomer to polymer as obtained by gravimetry, dilatometry, densitometry, gas chromatography, and other techniques.
		Miniemulsions are stable oil-in-water emulsions with average droplet diameters of 100-400 nm, prepared using a mixture of an ionic emulsifier and a costabilizer such as a long chain fatty-alcohol or n-alkane.
		The heterogeneous nature of the emulsion polymerization process and the stability needed to be imparted to the colloidal particles during synthesis and handling, has been the root of the technological barriers mentioned before.
	www.lehigh.edu /~esd0/01luscbroc.htm (3442 words)

	Emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride using mixed emulsifier system in a single step in the absence of seed ...
		The use of conventional straight chain surfactants, e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate, in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride will generally result in the formation of very small polymer particles unless the quantity of surfactant is carefully controlled by an incremental feed technique.
		Oil soluble catalysts are not recommended for they yield a mixture of suspension and emulsion particles rather than the desired product which either exhibits a binodal or polydisperse particle size distribution depending on whether the mixed emulsifier is non-prehomogenized prior to use or is used as a prehomogenized addition to the reaction.
		The polymerization process of the present invention is conducted by heating the reaction mixture to a temperature of from about 45.degree.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4071675.html (1830 words)

	Emulsifier system for aqueous emulsion polymerization - Patent 6974852
		Polymerization is generally carried out at from 30 to 100° C. The polymerization medium can consist either only of water or else of mixtures of water with water-miscible liquids such as methanol for example.
		These polymerization initiators are employed in customary amounts, for example in amounts of from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, based on the monomers to be polymerized.
		Initial polymerization is carried out with heating of the initial charge to 95° C., and on reaching a temperature of 90° C. the metered addition of the remaining amounts of feedstreams I, II and III is commenced.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6974852.html (3758 words)

	Section 4 - IV. Chemical Identification, Production and Use
		In emulsion and suspension polymerization, the monomers and the many chemicals used to control the reaction are finely dispersed or dissolved in water.
		Emulsion polymerization is the principal process used to make synthetic rubber.
		Polymerization is conducted in a series of reactors using initiators and catalysts and is terminated with a shortstop solution.
	www.osha.gov /pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=PREAMBLES&p_id=745 (1584 words)

	Imaging On-Line Store
		In the suspension polymerization method, it is difficult to synthesize particles having an average particle size of 7 ìm or less and narrow particle size distribution.
		In addition, emulsion polymerization particles need to be increased to those having a particle size identical to that of toner particles, which is a problem.
		In the case of the seed polymerization method, it is possible to obtain particles having the particle size of 10 ìm or less and with a narrow particle size distribution, which is an advantage.
	www.imaging.org /store/epub.cfm?abstrid=2332 (677 words)

	Aqueous pressure sensitive adhesive compositions - Patent 4879333
		The anionic and nonionic emulsifiers generally employed in acrylic emulsion polymerization protect the soft pressure sensitive polymers from impact coalescence during the reaction and stabilize the latex for satisfactory mechanical and storage stability.
		The emulsion is prepared by mixing Parts A and B in a reaction vessel which has been purged with nitrogen and is stirred at approximately 200-250 rpm and heated to 80.degree.
		The emulsion of Example 2 is prepared by mixing Parts A and B in a reaction vessel which has been purged with nitrogen and is stirred at approximately 200-250 rpm and heated to 80.degree.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4879333.html (6214 words)

	Control of Distributions in Emulsion Polymerization
		Emulsion polymerization is an important process for the polymer industry that has significant advantages over bulk and solution polymerization processes.
		Despite these advantages, the control of emulsion polymerization reactors is very challenging due to the complexity of emulsion process and the lack of adequate on-line measurement instrumentation.
		The evolution of PSD in emulsion polymerization is determined by three major phenomena: nucleation, growth and coagulation.
	www.chemengr.ucsb.edu /~mtdokucu/research.html (1774 words)

	Expert: Radiation Curable Polymers & Inks Expert
		The longevity of the cationic species which are known to produce "living polymers" was used to develop formulation which have a "dark cure" (the polymerization reaction continues after the coating is removed from the energy source.
		Phil designed emulsion polymer systems that controlled the particle size and morphology through the selection of surfactants, combinations of several nonionic surfactants, and anionic surfactants during the emulsion polymerization process.
		He wrote a brochure on the use of surfactants in emulsion polymerization which describes the function of each ingredient in an emulsion and its function in determining properties.
	www.intota.com /viewbio.asp?bioID=603741&perID=108448 (707 words)

	Take a Rubber Factory Tour
		Polymerization combines two or more process gases (monomers) into an aqueous environment and under specific temperature and pressure conditions connects the individual monomers into the desired polymer.
		Initiating agents, buffers and other chemicals may be added to the polymer reactor to achieve the desired chemical properties and polymerization dynamics.
		Polymer is produced in the form of a latex with particles in the range of 0.05 to 1 micron.
	www.oringsusa.com /html/factory_tour.html (739 words)

	Lecture Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Emulsion polymerization kinetics is usually reported in the form of conversion-time behavior.
		Miniemulsions are relatively stable oil-in-water emulsions with average droplet diameters ranging from 50 to 500 nm.
		The proposed mechanisms of nucleation and growth of particles in dispersion polymerization borrow heavily from emulsion polymerization although substantial differences exist.
	www.chbe.gatech.edu /davos/Abstracts.html (1440 words)

	Lehigh Short Course
		Semi-continuous (or semi-batch) polymerizations in which the monomer is added incrementally during the course of reaction are commonly used in industrial processes because they allow control of the polymerization rate, and because they can be used to control the particle morphology.
		These include preparation of artificial latexes and hybrid latexes, high solids latexes, polymerization of highly water-insoluble monomers and macromonomers, controlled polymer microstructure and morphology, encapsulation of pigments and dyes, and controlled molecular weight via living free radical polymerization.
		His research interests are latex technology, emulsion polymerization, structured latex polymerization, controlled free-radical emulsion polymerization, solid and hollow plastic pigments, paper coating technology, paper chemistry, colloid science, particle packing, dispersion rheology, and associative alkali-soluble latexes.
	www.lehigh.edu /~esd0/luscbroc.htm (3375 words)

	[No title]
		Emulsion polymerization is the commonest means of making a wide variety of industrial polymers, and is a complex process involving many simultaneous separate steps.
		One approach to dissect the molecular basis of the inhibition of polymerization by mouse -chain is to introduce the individual sequence differences of the mouse -chain into human -chain by site directed mutagenesis.
		During the chemical reaction of condensation polymerization, a small molecule is eliminated as the monomers join together.
	www.lycos.com /info/polymerization--molecules.html (646 words)

	Chem 381- CHAPTER TWO- part 1
		The two differences between emulsion and suspension polymerization are: 1) that a suspension polymerization is a mechanical process, and must have a stabilizing agent until the droplets are far apart, and 2) the emulsion polymerization is a chemical process which requires a surfactant to make the monomer "emulsify."
		Advantage- better heat control; the size of the emulsion polymer is usually 0.05 to 5 microns, and the size of the droplets is usually in the 10- 1000 micron diameter range.
		Suspension polymerization is similar to bulk polyerization, and it could be considered "bulk polymerization within a droplet." The speed at which the reaction takes place for a given temperature is the same, and just as for bulk polymerization, the kinetics or rates are proportional to monomer concentration.
	web.umr.edu /~jstoffer/CHEM381/chap21.html (2390 words)

	Emulsion Polymerization
		The definition for emulsion is: "A stable colloidal suspension as milk, consisting of an immiscible liquid dispersed and held in another liquid by a substance called an emulsifier".
		In an emulsion polymerization, the soap, or surfactant, is dissolved in water until the critical micelle concentration (CMC) is reached.
		To increase the rate of polymerization for those you have to heat the reaction or increase the initiator concentration, both of which increase the rate of termination and lower the molecular weight.
	www.pslc.ws /macrog/emulsion.htm (1086 words)

	Expert: Polymerization Reaction Engineering Expert
		Of special interest are the choice of reactor configuration (batch, semibatch, continuous, etc.), kinetics of emulsion polymerization, emulsion copolymerization, on-line sensors, process optimization, mathematical modeling, process troubleshooting, and the effect of inhibitors, molecular weight development, reactor dynamics, and process control.
		Related expertise includes suspension polymerization, addition polymerization, bulk and solution polymerization, dispersion polymerization, copolymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization, free radical polymerization, and miniemulsion polymerization.
		Of particular interest are sensors for polymer properties, estimation and control of polymer properties, troubleshooting and the effect of inhibitors, and nonlinear control.
	www.intota.com /viewbio.asp?bioID=605137&perID=719276 (508 words)

	A New Living Emulsion Polymerization Mechanism: Episulfide Anionic Polymerization
		The polymerization proceeded with a living mechanism but was characterized by a limiting conversion, presumably arising from the increase in viscosity in the polymer.
		To the knowledge of the authors, only two other cases of living anionic polymerization in emulsion are known (silicones and cyanoacrylates); the additional novelty presented by episulifdes is the ease of end-functionalization.
		Furthermore, the emulsion polymerization allowed the preparation of highly stable particles, which, due to their PEGylated surface and their appropriate diameter, can be applied in the biomedical field as nanocarriers.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/mamobx/2002/35/i23/abs/ma0211378.html (159 words)

	Polymer Colloids: Science and Technology of Latex Systems (ACS Symposium Series 801)
		It discusses a variety of polymerization processes, ranging from batch to semicontinuous; free radical and controlled free radical processes are also presented, along with dispersion and suspension methods.
		Polymerization kinetics, on-line monitoring, and control methods are also included.
		Kinetics of Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene in the Presence of Polyurethane Resins
	www.polysurfacesbookstore.com /pages/3754.html (422 words)

	Emulsion Polymerization in a Hybrid Carbon Dioxide/Aqueous Medium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Emulsion Polymerization in a Hybrid Carbon Dioxide/Aqueous Medium
		The development of a new reaction medium is reported, based on a biphasic mixture of carbon dioxide and water for emulsion polymerizations: a surfactant-free aqueous emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate using potassium persulfate under a varying head pressure of CO (0-350 bar) at 75
		The effect of CO on polymerization is relatively small, until there is a significant change at high CO pressure.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/mamobx/1997/30/i20/abs/ma970259a.html (221 words)

	Acrylic Emulsions Center - Emulsion Polymerization
		To produce the polymer molecules, reactive acrylic monomers are mixed with the surfactants and an initiator, and polymerized in the water carrier.
		Control of emulsion polymerization variables can also determine size and shape of the polymer particles themselves, which in turn impacts the rheological (flow) behavior of the liquid emulsion.
		Because acrylic emulsions are produced with water and surfactant, certain characteristics must be considered when handling these materials, including foam generation, freeze-thaw stability, preservation from microbial attack, and mechanical stability.
	www.specialchem4adhesives.com /tc/acrylic-emulsion/index.aspx?id=emulsion-poly (285 words)

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