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Topic: Encapsulation (pharmacology)

In the News (Tue 22 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Amphiphilic Star-Like Macromolecules as Novel Carriers for Topical Delivery of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
		Encapsulation studies showed that by utilizing the coprecipitation technique, NSAIDs can be incorporated in the ASMs with a substantial loading level (8.0-24.4 wt%).
		Most likely, the drug encapsulated into the core is in rapid dynamic equilibrium with the drug in the aqueous phase, and continuously supplying the drug molecules to the skin surface in a diffusible form.
		Because encapsulation of the NSAID drugs (indomethacin, piroxicam, and ketoprofen) into the ASMs decreased their ability to permeate the stratum corneum, ASMs are currently under investigation for delaying and/or preventing permeation of compounds (eg, sunscreen agents, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide [DEET], and chemical warfare agents) through the skin.
	www.aapspharmsci.org /view.asp?art=ps050426 (5273 words)

	Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
		The manner in which water enters the internal porous network of PLGA microspheres, along with the concomitant release of encapsulated drug is being investigated via theoretical modelling on the basis of DOSY NMR data and confocal microscopy in collaboration with Drs Rigby and Black, University of Bath.
		The temperature of the secondary emulsion and variation of the drying process used in microsphere fabication has been found to significantly influence the temporal evolution of the pore structure and degree of permeability of the spheres to water, respectively.
		The proposal here is to further the potential of the recently established technology of protein encapsulation in biodegradable poly lactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres by site-directed delivery of the microspheres to the intestinal tight junctions.
	spider.science.strath.ac.uk /PharmSci/showPage.php?deptID=3&u=eas03150&includePage=staffDetails.php (1022 words)

	Encapsulation of foscarnet in liposomes modifies drug intracellular accumulation, in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity, tissue ...
		Encapsulation of foscarnet in liposomes modifies drug intracellular accumulation, in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity, tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics.
		The encapsulation of PFA in liposomes greatly enhanced the drug accumulation in organs of the reticuloendothelial system.
		CONCLUSION: The encapsulation of PFA in liposomes modified the tissue distribution and plasma pharmacokinetics of the antiviral agent, resulting in a marked improvement of drug accumulation in organs involved in HIV immunopathogenesis and in a greater PFA bioavailability.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1996/feb/M9621074.html (534 words)

	artcell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This was followed by the encapsulation of biological cells, adsorbents, magnetic materials, drugs, vaccine, hormones and many other biologically active materials for applications in biotechnology and medicine (3,4,5,6) (Fig.1).
		The first encapsulation of biological cells was reported in 1965 based on a drop method (5).
		This was because the hepatotrophic factor secreted by the encapsulated hepatocytes accumulate in the artificial cells (30).
	www.medicine.mcgill.ca /artcell/artcell.htm (5268 words)

	Encapsulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		integrated circuit encapsulation, in electronics the design and manufacture of protective packages
		encapsulation (pharmacology), to enclose medicines in a usable form
		This is a disambiguation page — a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Encapsulation (114 words)

	The Graduate School \| University of Cincinnati \| Program Detail for Molecular, Cellular & Biochemical Pharmacology : PhD
		Graduate students participate in departmental and student seminars and are introduced to research through supervision under three or more faculty members before choosing their thesis research at the beginning of the second academic year.
		This area includes the study of controlled drug delivery, cell encapsulation, tissue engineering, biosensor development, biofunctional and biomimetic membranes, affinity membranes for high-valued bioseparations, membranes for hemodialysis, and the study of ion and small molecule transport in biological channels.
		Applicants are expected to hold an undergraduate degree from an accredited college or university with a major in chemistry, biological chemistry, molecular biology, pharmacology or a related field.
	www.grad.uc.edu /index.cfm?fuseaction=home.PIDDetail&PID=195&link= (644 words)

	Nanotechnology Institute - Research
		The integration of encapsulation strategies, utilizing polymersomes, biodegradable nanoparticles, nanovesicles, and nanofiber mats with biological strategies utilizing proteins, viruses, stem cells, and nucleic acid will provide a unique opportunity to develop combinational protocols in in vivo experimental models.
		Four encapsulation technologies to contain and trigger the release of drugs are under development: polymerosomes, hydrogel matrices, nanovesicles/nanofiber mats and biodegradable nanoparticles.
		The technology, when co-developed with encapsulating carriers, has the potential to be used in a clinical setting.
	www.nanotechinstitute.org /nti/drug_delivery.jsp (769 words)

	'Smart' Bio-nanotubes Developed; May Help In Drug Delivery
		The nanotubes are "smart" because in the future they could be designed to encapsulate and then open up to deliver a drug or gene in a particular location in the body.
		The scientists found that by manipulating the electrical charges of lipid bilayer membranes and microtubules from cells, they could create open or closed bio-nanotubes, or nanoscale capsules.The news is reported in an article to be published August 9 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
		By controlling the relative amount of lipid and protein it is possible to switch between two states of nanotubes with either open ends (shown in the center) or closed ends with lipid caps (shown on the left), a process which forms the basis for controlled chemical and drug encapsulation and release.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/08/050802182805.htm (976 words)

	[No title]
		Markus, A. Encapsulation of trichoderma, Suprathion, Lanet and Mathematic model for the release of pyrinex.
		Margalit, J., Markus, A. and Pelah, Z. Effect of Encapsulation on the presistence of Bacillus thuringiensis var.
		Markus, A. and Pelah, Z. Encapsulation of Diazinon.
	www.bgu.ac.il /IAR/cv_lib/icct_arie_markus.doc (2380 words)

	Liposomal Irinotecan: Formulation Development and Therapeutic Assessment in Murine Xenograft Models of Colorectal ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Irinotecan is shown to be an ideal candidate for liposome encapsulation.
		that the encapsulated irinotecan was steadily released from
		encapsulating topotecan in the aqueous interior of liposomes
	clincancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/10/19/6638 (7016 words)

	CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS REVIEW
		Because the comparative efficacy studies used encapsulated losartan for blinding purposes, the sponsor conducted a bioequivalence study to ensure that the encapsulation did not affect the pharmacokinetics of losartan.
		The encapsulation did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of commercially available losartan.
		Based on pharmacokinetic data that demonstrate significant increases in candesartan AUC and Cmax in patients with moderate hepatic impairment, a lower initial dose should be used for patients with moderate hepatic impairment.
	www.fda.gov /ohrms/dockets/ac/02/briefing/3877B1_04_FDA-Biopharm.htm (2386 words)

	Department and Program Faculty
		Research Interests: Pharmacology and regulation of gene expression of the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor in the vertebrate central nervous system; studies of the mechanism of action of neuromodulators and elucidation of the structure, function, and cellular dynamics of amino acid receptors in the brain and spinal cord.
		Research Interests: Studies of the neural-behavioral bases of the euphoria caused by drugs of abuse, of the antinociceptive effects of analgesic drugs, and of the behavioral effects of psychotherapeutic drugs; drug-induced behavioral alterations elicited by discrete CNS stimulation.
		Research interests: The design, expression, and characterization of diphtheria toxin-related cytokine fusion proteins, the molecular basis of diphtheria tox gene regulation, and the molecular mechanisms by which large hydrophilic proteins are transported into eukaryotic cells.
	www.bumc.bu.edu /Dept/Content.aspx?DepartmentID=65&PageID=6828 (1298 words)

	New HBV Therapy Research for siRNAs
		The HBV-targeted siRNAs were encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles to form SNALPs, with the final nucleic acid/lipid ratio and mean particle size being similar for all SNALPs regardless of their nucleic acid payload.
		Mean encapsulation efficiency was 93% plusminus 3% and the final nucleic acid/lipid ratio was 48 plusminus 8 mug/mumol.
		Nucleic acid encapsulation was determined using a RiboGreen assay (Molecular Probes), comparing fluorescence in the presence and absence of Triton X-100.
	www.natap.org /2005/HBV/093005_02.htm (3539 words)

	Experimental Design for the Formulation and Optimization of Novel Cross-Linked Oilispheres Developed for In Vitro ...
		This range was attributed to the large differences in the degree of crosslinking and hence the significant variation in the encapsulation efficiency.
		This finding is also clear considering that the oilisphere consists of a crosslinked peripheral coating, encapsulating the oil, and hence acts as a barrier to diffusion.
		An analysis using patch clamp electrophysiology and isolated tissue pharmacology in rabbit and guinea pig.
	www.aapspharmscitech.org /view.asp?art=pt050118&pdf=yes (5136 words)

	CancerNetwork.com:Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The encapsulation of chemotherapeutic agents, including doxorubicin, in liposomes has shown in animal and human models to reduce certain toxic effects.
		A roundtable discussion was convened on November 22, 1996, in Tucson, Arizona, to gather existing and evolving data on the use of single-agent pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil) in the treatment of cancer and to describe its current status and its future applications in the delivery of cancer chemotherapy.
		Also, the favorable pharmacokinetic parameters of the encapsulated formulations—longer half-life, greater area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), and slower clearance—may allow the lesions to be exposed to these cytotoxic agents for longer periods of time.
	www.cancernetwork.com /contents/o9710supp11.htm (1649 words)

	Dissertation Topics
		Encapsulation is certainly one approach that holds promise to protect islet cells from immunological destruction.
		However, effective biological cell encapsulation is a significant biomaterials challenge.
		The encapsulation material must not only protect the cells from attack and destruction by the recipient’s immune system but also permit bidirectional traffic of signaling and responding molecules.
	www.eng.uc.edu /igert/dissertation/fulldissertation.php3?id=36 (221 words)

	Optimizing Liposomes for Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Agents to Solid Tumors -- Drummond et al. 51 (4): 691 -- ...
		DOX can be encapsulated at concentrations exceeding its aqueous solubility, forming drug crystals in the liposome interior.
		At the present time, only formulations of anthracyclines (daunorubicin and DOX) have been sufficiently developed for use in the clinic, although a liposomal VCR formulation is presently under study in clinical trials.
		The rate of elimination of a liposomal drug from the circulation is also dependent on the rate of drug leakage from the carrier.
	pharmrev.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/51/4/691 (8266 words)

	Rao, Gundu, Ph.D. - Laboratory Medicine and Pathology in the Medical School at the University of Minnesota (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Rao's research program is focused on platelet biochemistry, physiology and pharmacology and the interactions of platelets with cells and biomaterials.
		In a project involving platelet signal transduction pathways, he is investigating: The activity of tyrosine kinases, protein kinase C and phosphorylation of specific substrates; activation of effector intracellular enzymes phospholipase C and phospholipase A2; and formation of the second messengers inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, 1,2,-diacylglycerol and eicosanoids.
		The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer.
	www.med.umn.edu /pathology/faculty/rao/home.html (397 words)

	IngentaConnect Formulation and release characteristics of poly(lactic-co-glycoli... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Three chemical modifications of rat serum albumin (RSA) were effected on the amine groups of this protein: conjugation with a polyanion using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, intermolecular cross-linking using glutaraldehyde, and reductive alkylation using propyl aldehyde.
		The microspheres were incubated at 37°C for over one month to investigate the influence of protein modification on the release profiles.
		Chemical modification of protein may be a useful method to increase encapsulation efficiency and to decrease release rates of proteins that are to be used in microsphere formulations of potent therapeutic proteins.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/rpsgb/jpp/2001/00000053/00000001/art00003 (265 words)

	Grad Profiles - Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
		Pharmacology involves all facets of the effects drugs and environmental chemicals have on biological systems and their constituent parts.
		It includes everything from the intermolecular reactions of chemical compounds within a call to the evaluation of the effectiveness of a drug in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human disease.
		In addition, there are such specialized facilities as a suite for radioisotope research and a product development laboratory equipped for tableting, coating, encapsulation, and the manufacture of liquids, ointments, and sterile products.
	www.gradprofiles.com /mass-coll-pharmacy.html (1552 words)

	A Novel Synthetic Method for Hybridoma Cell Encapsulation - Nature Biotechnology
		We report here what we believe is the first example of the encapsulation of hybridoma cells within a synthetic polymer by a simple gelation with dissolved cations in water, and at room temperature.
		Two lines of hybridoma cells were encapsulated within calcium cross-linked polyphospha-zene gel microbeads without affecting their viability or their capability to produce antibodies.
		Interaction of these gel beads with the positively-charged poly-electrolyte, poly(L-lysine), of 102-kD molecular weight, produced a semipermeable membrane that was capable of retaining the cell-secreted antibodies inside the beads.
	www.nature.com /nbt/journal/v9/n5/abs/nbt0591-468.html (456 words)

	In Situ Tumor Vaccination with Interleukin-12-encapsulated Biodegradable Microspheres: Induction of Tumor Regression ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		protein encapsulated into the microspheres as described (16).
		The assay for the quantitation of in vitro cytokine release from
		Cytokines Are Efficiently Encapsulated into and Released from the PLA Microspheres.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/60/14/3832 (4535 words)

	Amazon.ca: Cell Encapsulation Technology and Therapeutics: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Encapsulated cells offer enormous potential for the treatment of human disease.
		The broad application spectrum of cell encapsulation is highlighted with chapters on topics ranging from artificial organs such as pancreas, parathyroid, liver and kidney, to central nervous system applications, hemophelia, growth hormone, lysosomal storage disease, the encapsulation of embryos and plant cells, as well as advanced cell culture in bioreactors.
		In addition to being a source of practical information for scientists working in the field of cell encapsulation, it will interest biotechnological and pharmaceutical researchers.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/081764010X (406 words)

	Patient Assistance Pharmaceuticals - Knowledge and Information: Patient Assistance Pharmaceuticals
		We do provide a listing of some sites that may be helpful to readers in their attempt to find out more about pharmacology receptors PPT.
		Thus is the case with Powerpoint presentations on pharmacology.
		...specific expanse of information on the topic of pharmaceutical license exclusive non-exclusive can easily be found at a library at a medical center, medical school or school of pharmacology....
	users.tpg.com.au /pharma_/88.htm (3614 words)

	12. Biological Sciences
		Microbiology, physiology, and pharmacology areas concern the role of intact cells, cell membranes, and ion fluxes
		Microbiology, physiology, and pharmacology are essential sciences in the production of fermented and processed foods (bread, yogurt, beer, and wine), of pharmaceuticals and human hormones (the latter using genetic engineering), and in evaluating human performance (neural function and vital signs).
		Encapsulation and irradiation technologies have been used to increase shelf life and encapsulation also increases palatability.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/army/docs/astmp98/ec12.htm (1313 words)

	Paramedic Pharmacology Powerpoint - Brief Encapsulation on Paramedic Pharmacology Powerpoint
		Paramedic Pharmacology Powerpoint - Brief Encapsulation on Paramedic Pharmacology Powerpoint
		Therefore, a person interested in finding out more about Paramedic Pharmacology Powerpoint should take the time to undertake his or her own investigation of Paramedic Pharmacology Powerpoint.
		Indeed, the presence of Powerpoint presentations on pharmacology has grown significantly in the past couple of years as far as continuing education...
	users.tpg.com.au /pharma_/87.htm (3589 words)

	Neutral and Anionic Liposome-Encapsulated Hemoglobin: Effect of Postinserted Poly(ethylene ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Miller CR, Bondurant B, McLean SD, McGovern KA, and O'Brien DF (1998) Liposome-cell interactions in vitro: effect of liposome surface charge on the binding and endocytosis of conventional and sterically stabilized liposomes.
		Nicholas AR, Scott MJ, Kennedy NI, and Jones MN (2000) Effect of grafted polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the size, encapsulation efficiency and permeability of vesicles.
		Rudolph AS (1995) Encapsulation of hemoglobin in liposomes, in Blood substitutes: Physiological Basis of Efficacy (Intaglietta M ed) pp 90-104, Birkhauser, Boston.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/309/1/241 (3823 words)

	Neovascular Targeting Therapy: Paclitaxel Encapsulated in Cationic Liposomes Improves Antitumoral Efficacy -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		efficacy of paclitaxel encapsulated in cationic liposomes in
		A, fluorescent signal seen in an A-Mel-3 tumor in the transparent skinfold preparation before and 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, and 6 h after a continuous, 90-min, i.v.
		High fluorescence signals in tumor tissue were maintained up to the end of the observation period (360 min).
	clincancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/9/6/2335 (3803 words)

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