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Topic: Encaustic

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	ArtLex on Encaustic
		Over the intervening centuries, encaustic was overtaken by many other types of paint — including tempera, oil, and acrylic paints — each of which was cheaper, faster, and easier to work.
		Encaustic has become so versatile indeed that many contemporary painters consider it an attractive painting medium again.
		Once its surface has cooled, encaustic paint presents a permanent finish, and yet the painting can be revised and reworked at any time — whether seconds later or years later.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/e/encaustic.html (738 words)

	Encaustic Statement
		According to Pliny, encaustic was used in a variety of applications: the painting of portraits and scenes of mythology on panels, the coloring of marble and terra cotta, and work on ivory (probably the tinting of incised lines).
		The use of a rudimentary encaustic was therefore an ancient practice by the 5th century B. It is possible that at about that time the crude paint applied with tar brushes to the ships was refined for the art of painting on panels.
		Encaustic was a slow, difficult technique, but the paint could be built up in relief, and the wax gave a rich optical effect to the pigment.
	www.abstractpaintings.com /Encaustic_Statement.htm (827 words)

	Sinopia.com \| Encaustic Hot Wax Painting
		The surface itself may be warm allowing for manipulation of the encaustic paint.It may also be cool causing the brush stroke to "Freeze" immediately.The final treatment is the "burning in" which consists of passing a heat source over the surface, causing a fusing and bonding of the painting.
		Encaustic has the advantage of not yellowing, of weathering well, being unaffected by moister and being able to with stand higher heat than oil paintings.
		Encaustic is good for creating texture and can be painted on any number of surfaces (Canvas, Paper, Stone Wood Panels, and so on).
	www.sinopia.com /encaustic.html (479 words)

	Encaustic Painting - Ralph Mayer
		Encaustic is a beeswax based paint that is kept molten on a heated palette.
		Encaustic has a long history, but it is as versatile as any 20th century medium.
		The durability of encaustic is due to the fact that beeswax is impervious to moisture.
	www.abstract-art.com /RonDavis/b_shows/b4_loyd/w31_encaustic_ptg.html (827 words)

	Encaustic painting -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Encaustic painting, also called "hot wax painting", involves using heated (A yellow to brown wax secreted by honeybees to build honeycombs) beeswax to which colored (Dry coloring matter (especially an insoluble powder to be mixed with a liquid to produce paint etc)) pigments are added.
		The simplist encaustic mixture can be made from adding pigments to beeswax, but there are several other recipes that can be used - some containing other types of waxes, damar varnish, linseed oil, or other ingredients.
		Other materials can be encased or collaged into the surface, or layered, using the encaustic medium to adhere it to the surface.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/en/encaustic_painting.htm (208 words)

	Encaustic Art
		Encaustic painting, also known as hot wax painting, involves using heated beeswax to which resins and colored pigments are added.
		Encaustic painting methods were invented by the ancient Greeks and Egyptians.
		Encaustic is a demanding organic medium which engages the artist in a process of controlled accidents with unpredictable results that can be selectively enhanced.It is a medium that provides a seductive skin that is unusually malleable and changeable.
	www.theartfulcrafter.com /encaustic.html (292 words)

	Encaustic Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Although its history goes as far back as the 5th century B.C., encaustic is so versatile that, over the last 50 years, it has achieved popularity as a creative alternative to oil and acrylic paints.
		Encaustic paint cools in minutes, which means additional layers can be added almost immediately.
		The encaustic paintings of Karen Jacobs are created by an additive and subtractive process of layering and scraping, allowing faint traces of past imagery to compete with more recent layers.
	www.karenjacobs.com /wax2.html (544 words)

	Waxing Poetic: Encaustic Art in America during the Twentieth Century by Gail Stavitsky, Ph.D., Chief Curator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Nelson attributes her interest in experimenting with unconventional materials such as encaustic to the process art of the 1970s which was very much in the air during her days as a college student at Washington University.
		Only occasionally enjoying the unpredictable nature of the encaustic process in her current work, Nelson nonetheless feels that the atmospheric quality of the medium is peculiarly appropriate for her landscape subjects.
		Encaustic is her vehicle for "creating a palimpsest of images...traces of the one reappearing in...another" -- a method that has been compared to Freudian processes of memory.
	www.tfaoi.com /aa/2aa/2aa626d.htm (4393 words)

	Encaustic
		The term “Encaustic” is derived from the Greek word “enkaien” and means “to burn into”.
		Nowadays the specially developed encaustic wax is applied to surfaces like paper, wood, glass etc. with a painting iron (not unlike your travel iron!) or the Encaustic Pen.
		Encaustic paintings seem to light from within — the colours are exceptionally bright, because the light does not get reflected from the surface of the painting, but penetrates the different wax layers.
	www.encaustic.ca (185 words)

	Lynne's Encaustic Wax Art Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The art of encaustic wax painting is at least 2000 years old and was practiced by the Ancient Greeks, Romans and Egyptians.
		True encaustic painting is a process by which coloured wax is permanently burned into an absorbent backing such as plaster, canvas or wood.
		Encaustic art in Britain was virtually unknown until the 1980s when Michael Bossom became interested in the art.
	www.valdemar.fsnet.co.uk /encaustic.html (352 words)

	Waxing Poetic: Encaustic Art in America during the Twentieth Century by Gail Stavitsky, Ph.D., Chief Curator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Functioning as a seductive skin or membrane, encaustic is an unusually malleable and mutable medium that evokes bodily sensations, emotions, alchemical transformations, religious rituals, layers of history, and the passage of time.
		The history of encaustic art in the early twentieth century is closely related to research of ancient painting techniques.
		Encaustic, as later observed by Janson, is "by its very nature...an introspective medium" which "can not be used out-of-doors at all, and even indoors it does not encourage the artist to paint directly from the model."
	www.tfaoi.com /aa/2aa/2aa626.htm (2836 words)

	Encaustic Painting Process - Marsh Scott/artist - painting, sculpture, public art
		Encaustic painting was practiced by Greek artists as far back as the 5th century B.C. The Greeks applied coatings of wax and resin to weatherproof and decorate their ships.
		The nature of encaustic to both preserve and color led to its use on the stone work of both architecture and statuary.
		In the 18th century, encaustic painting was re-examined in order to rediscover the techniques of the ancient painters.
	marshscott.com /Wax/wax_process.htm (416 words)

	R&F Handmade Paints, Inc. -- R&F Encaustics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Although its history goes as far back as the 5th century B.C., encaustic is so versatile that, over the last 50 years, it has achieved popularity as an unusual alternative to oil and acrylic paints.
		It is also the most durable of all artists’ paints, since wax is impervious to moisture and over time will retain all the freshness of a newly finished work.
		RandF Encaustics are currently made in 80 colors plus 2 mediums.
	www.rfpaints.com /1-Encaustics/EncausticTop.htm (319 words)

	Encaustic Tile Rapair & Restoration Treatments
		Caring for encaustic tile in heavily traveled areas demands a bit of compromise.
		If your encaustic tiles are severely cracked and subjected to water (such as wet shoes or boots), then we recommend a more serious protective measure.
		This measure, while drastic and not in keeping with the matte look of these tiles, may be necessary in order to allow you to maintain the floor under normal use conditions.
	www.urbanrevivals.com /tile/tile_encaustic.htm (330 words)

	Encaustic Paints at rileystreet
		Encaustic has the advantage of not yellowing, of weathering well, being unaffected by moisture, and being able to withstand higher heat than oil paintings.
		Encaustic is good for creating texture and can be painted on any number of rigid surfaces.
		The surface itself may be warm allowing for manipulation of the encaustic paint.
	www.rileystreet.com /products/encaustics.html (175 words)

	Paula Roland's Workshop in Santa Fe New Mexico.
		Encaustic sticks (beeswax and pigment in solid form) are used to draw on a heated metal plate.
		Unlike encaustic painting, there is no need to fuse (heat the surface of the wax) since fusing takes place as you work.
		Inspired by encaustic monotype methods developed by Dorothy Furlong Gardner, an artist-friend from New Orleans, Roland, after extensive research and experimentation, developed a curriculum that extends and contemporizes the process.
	www.paularoland.com /format.htm (553 words)

	Encaustic Painting Technique, Watercolor Paper Collage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The paint is applied with a brush or spatula or poured or dripped onto a sturdy support — usually a board.
		The encaustic can also be made more fluid by adding medium or by raising its temperature a little.
		The painting and fusing of encaustic can be done with great precision, but it is a technique that requires practice.
	www.maryfarmer.com /mftech.html (400 words)

	Encaustic Painting at Santa Reparata
		Encaustic paintings survive from over 2000 years ago and, since then, artists like Jasper Johns, Diego Rivera, Bryce Marden, Linda Benglis, and even traditional American portrait painter Rembrandt Peale, have exploited the unique properties of encaustic techniques in their work.
		Encaustic paints are a rich blend of natural beeswax, damar resin crystals, and the finest artists' pigments.
		While many artists use the term ìencausticî to describe work which incorporates wax of any kind, true encaustic work involves the use of heat to fuse the wax (in the original Greek, the word ìencaustikosî means ìto burn inî).
	www.fionline.it /santareparata/mccloskey.html (726 words)

	Almost Abstract/Modern Encaustic Painting with Dehan Wax
		As this encaustic wax has such a high surface tension, you can use any iron with either a Teflon coated base or smooth metal one.
		Dehan encaustic wax is translucent, so you can draw things on the painting card, using ink, and then paint over the top of them.
		If you have done this type of encaustic painting before, using a different wax, at first Dehan wax will appear to be very watery.
	www.almostabstract.freeuk.com /DehanWax.html (980 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: The Art of Encaustic Painting: Contemporary Expression in the Ancient Medium of Pigmented Wax (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		According to Roman historian Pliny the Elder, encaustic was used as early as the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. It is made by melting beeswax with a small amount of resin and then adding pigment while the mixture is still molten.
		Encaustic wax can be a beautiful medium in which to express, not only abstract, but realist, impressionist, and pretty much any other style of painting.
		Mattera very concisely defines the ins and outs of encaustic painting and provides an excellent point of reference for both beginning and more advanced artists wanting to expand their horizons on the subject.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0823002837?v=glance (1978 words)

	Encaustic - Creatiefnet, Encaustic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Encaustic (from painting) Encaustic painting (from the Greek: “burnt in”) was the ancient method, recorded by Pliny, of fixing pigments with heated wax.
		The name encaustic (from the Greek for burnt in) is applied to paintings Pliny distinguishes three species of encaustic painting.
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	www.link-submit.com /lsm/encaustic.html (291 words)

	encaustic on Encyclopedia.com
		A few encaustic comments; HESTER LACEY looks at the art of encaustic tiling, and finds out how to restore your floor to its original Victorian glory.(Features)
		About face: in two recent series of encaustic portraits, one dealing with entertainment celebrities, the other with figures from the French Revolution and Nazi Germany, Tony Scherman examines the relationship between...
		Designing women: for a new suite of paintings executed in encaustic and resin, Cheryl Goldsleger found inspiration in the often unheralded work of women architects.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/e1/encausti.asp (373 words)

	Waxworks 2
		Encaustic painting is a technique which is believed to have developed in ancient Greece.
		These artists are experimenting with the expressive possibilites of encaustic techiniques, pushing and coaxing the medium in new and unusual directions, always with an eye to its history.
		In her work, Ray explores the relationship between past and present using encaustic and the repetition of geometric shapes.
	home.att.net /~dan.gwendajay/waxworks.html (1701 words)

	Tony Romano at St. John Gallery - Featuring the Finest Caribbean Art & Artists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Just hours before the opening reception of Romano’s own exhibit in a New York gallery, he visited the Whitney Museum and was introduced to the work of Jasper Johns and the ancient medium of encaustic painting.
		Encaustic paintings, created by Greek artists as far back as the 5th century B.C., are created from beeswax and pigment, and are considered one of the most durable of all artists’ paints because the beeswax is impervious to moisture.
		To use the medium, the artist heats the wax to its molten state and then applies it by brush or other tools to paper, wood panels, stretched canvas or other supports.
	www.gallerystthomas.com /tony_romano.html (447 words)

	Encaustic Art
		Encaustic means to burn, and that is nearly what you do to your fingers, every time you pick up your iron to paint with, especially if you have not checked the setting, and it has moved, since you last used it!
		Among the ancient sources, from which most of the knowledge of Encaustic Art has been obtained has been obtained from Pliny's Natural History.
		I use a Dehan Wax, which was designed by Chris Carrick, "Encaustic Artist Supremo", Chris is now the sole producer of this type of wax, 'cos the firm who used to make it for her went belly up, so she bought the equipment to make it from them, THANKFULLY.
	jimv-in-ripon.mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /page1.html (195 words)

	Encaustic Art - Painting with Beeswax
		The encaustic medium is a mixture of wax and pigment.
		The advent of electricity has made it easy to control the heat of tools, but in Ancient times, when encaustic was first used, the heat source was charcoal.
		It really is so quick and easy that this simple form of encaustic art now brings pleasure to many tens of thousands of people all over the world.
	www.honeyshow.co.uk /encaustic_art.shtml (1056 words)

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