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	ENCAUSTIC PAINTING - LoveToKnow Article on ENCAUSTIC PAINTING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The name encaustic (from the Greek for burnt in) is applied to paintings executed with vehicles in which wax is the chief ingredient.
		The third method was by painting by a brush dipped into wax liquefied by heat; the colors so applied attained considerable hardness, and could not be damaged either by the heat of the sun or by the effects of sea-water.
		This kind of painting has not the gloss of oil painting, so that the picture may be seen in any light, a quality of the very first importance in all methods of mural painting.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /E/EN/ENCAUSTIC_PAINTING.htm (1255 words)

	Encaustic Painting
		ENCAUSTIC, or wax-painting, and the fixing or finishing of the same by the application of heat, was practised by the ancient Greeks and Romans, as one of the methods of painting on panels and on walls.
		Encaustic painting was at first practised by the Greeks in the coarser and also in the purely ornamental forms of painting, as a protective paint or varnish for woodwork and ornamental decoration, but was afterwards elevated by them to the more refined uses in the higher forms of pictorial art and figure painting.
		During the later classic, and early Christian periods, encaustic painting with the brush was the common method practised by the Greek and Roman artists, the wax being still assisted to flow by the application of heat, and quite likely also further assisted to this end by the addition of some spirit or essential oil.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles20/painting-methods-10.shtml (1189 words)

	Encaustic Painting - Ralph Mayer
		According to Pliny, encaustic was used in a variety of applications: the painting of portraits and scenes of mythology on panels, the coloring of marble and terra cotta, and work on ivory (probably the tinting of incised lines).
		Encaustic was a slow, difficult technique, but the paint could be built up in relief, and the wax gave a rich optical effect to the pigment.
		In the 18th century the idea of encaustic painting was revived, initially by amateurs as a novelty to rediscover the techniques of the ancient painters.
	www.abstract-art.com /RonDavis/b_shows/b4_loyd/w31_encaustic_ptg.html (827 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		encaustic encaustic, painting medium in which the binder for the pigment is wax or wax and resin.
		Examples of encaustic tomb portraits from Roman Egypt bear witness to the durability of the medium, which is thought to have been widely used in ancient times.
		painting painting, direct application of pigment to a surface to produce by tones of color or of light and dark some representation or decorative arrangement of natural or imagined forms.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Encaustic (388 words)

	MVTimes Online - The Martha's Vineyard Times: Island News Now MVTimes Online - The Martha's Vineyard Times: Island News ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Encaustic paint is made from purified beeswax, resin, and pigment.
		She discovered encaustic painting at a workshop in Florida, and was drawn to its use of tools combined with traditional painting techniques.
		The word encaustic comes from the Greek and means “to burn in.” In the basic encaustic method, melted paint is applied with a brush to a rigid surface, such as untempered masonite or plywood.
	www.mvtimes.com /art/features_08_2004/media_encaustics.html (768 words)

	Encaustic painting - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Encaustic painting, also called "hot wax painting", involves using heated beeswax to which colored pigments are added.
		The simplist encaustic mixture can be made from adding pigments to beeswax, but there are several other recipes that can be used - some containing other types of waxes, damar varnish, linseed oil, or other ingredients.
		Other materials can be encased or collaged into the surface, or layered, using the encaustic medium to adhere it to the surface.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Encaustic (256 words)

	Art Supplies and Artists’ Materials from Daniel Smith Art Supply
		Encaustic is a painting process in which pigments are bound in a hot wax mixture and applied to the support with heat from an external source.
		Encaustic paint is highly durable and is not susceptible to yellowing and darkening with age because the oil content is low and the wax is colorless.
		The degree of heat necessary for encaustic is one which is warm enough to keep the waxes molten and low enough to avoid igniting the volatile components of the waxes.
	www.danielsmith.com /learn/techLeaflets/0002 (1339 words)

	sgp gower (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The primary objective of this proposal was to strengthen resources and expertise for teaching the encaustic medium to students in the Painting and Printmaking Department.
		Encaustic as a versatile painting process will now be taught to our students on a continual basis.
		Another important fact, encaustic paint does not require the use of solvents, which eliminates a number of health hazards associated with traditional oil painting.
	www.vcu.edu /cte/smallgrantprogram/SGPgower.html (491 words)

	R&F Handmade Paints, Inc. -- History of Encaustics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		According to Pliny, encaustic had a variety of applications: for the painting of portraits and scenes of mythology on panels, for the coloring of marble and terra cotta, and for work on ivory (probably the tinting of incised lines).
		The use of a rudimentary encaustic was therefore an ancient practice by the 5th century B.C. It is possible that at about that time the crude paint applied with tar brushes to the ships was refined for the art of painting on panels.
		In the 18th century the idea of encaustic painting was re-examined, initially by amateurs in order to rediscover the techniques of the ancient painters.
	www.rfpaints.com /1-Encaustics/HistoryEncaustics.htm (742 words)

	Encaustic painting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Encaustic painting (Fine Arts), painting by means of wax with which the colors are combined, and which is afterwards fused with hot irons, thus fixing the colors.
		Encaustic tile (Fine Arts), an earthenware tile which has a decorative pattern and is not wholly of one color.
		[1913 Webster] Encaustic painting (Fine Arts), painting by means of wax with which the colors are combined, and which is afterwards fused with hot irons, thus fixing the colors.
	dictionaries.cc /Encaustic_painting (153 words)

	The Art of Encaustic Painting: Contemporary Expression in the Ancient Medium of Pigmented Wax: Current Amazon U.S.A. ...
		She addresses this issue by stating, "Only a small percentage of contemporary encaustic painting is pictorial, etc...", and with the inclusion of a couple non-abstract images.
		Also notable was the paintings represented in the beginning of the book that showed myriad techniques and styles employed today in modern encaustic painting.
		Encaustic wax can be a beautiful medium in which to express, not only abstract, but realist, impressionist, and pretty much any other style of painting.
	www.blueskywebdesign.biz /stuff-0823002837.html (1528 words)

	Encaustic Painting Process - Marsh Scott/artist - painting, sculpture, public art
		Encaustic painting was practiced by Greek artists as far back as the 5th century B.C. The Greeks applied coatings of wax and resin to weatherproof and decorate their ships.
		In the 18th century, encaustic painting was re-examined in order to rediscover the techniques of the ancient painters.
		A soft wax painting medium can be created by the addition of turpentine to the melted wax mixture but care must be used to prevent fire and this must be done in a well ventilated area.
	marshscott.com /Wax/wax_process.htm (416 words)

	Encaustic Art
		Encaustic painting, also known as hot wax painting, involves using heated beeswax to which resins and colored pigments are added.
		Encaustic painting methods were invented by the ancient Greeks and Egyptians.
		Encaustic is a demanding organic medium which engages the artist in a process of controlled accidents with unpredictable results that can be selectively enhanced.It is a medium that provides a seductive skin that is unusually malleable and changeable.
	www.theartfulcrafter.com /encaustic.html (292 words)

	sun valley guide : winter 2003 : The Alchemy of Encaustic Painting
		Encaustic painters work from a heated palette of molten mixtures of beeswax, pigment and a hardening agent known as Demar, which is the crystallized resin of a fir tree native to the East Indies.
		In fact, a series of idiosyncratic encaustic portraits made in an Egyptian outpost of the Roman Empire in 100 A.D. were painted on veneer-thin layers of wood and attached to the faces of embalmed mummies.
		Encaustic paint sticks are a ready combination of the encaustic medium and color pigment, milled together without the use of toxic solvents.
	www.svguide.com /w03/w03encaustic.htm (874 words)

	THE FINE ART OF MARKETING ART - Art Fact on the Artistic Forum
		The Encaustic technique is basically painting and drawing with pigmented wax using intensive heat to fuse the wax to a supporting board and to fuse layers of wax together.
		Encaustic painting also flourished in Rome and there is an account of Julius Caesar commissioning and encaustic painting form the artist, Timomakos for the equivalent of $350,000.00.
		Encaustic painting continued to flourish during the 6th and 7th centuries and it was common practice for the Christian Court of Constantinople to commission Greek encaustic artists.
	www.artisticforum.com /ArtFacts-10_02.html (569 words)

	R&F Handmade Paints, Inc. -- R&F Encaustics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is also the most durable of all artists’ paints, since wax is impervious to moisture and over time will retain all the freshness of a newly finished work.
		Encaustic paint cools in minutes, which means additional layers can be added almost immediately.
		The surface quality of encaustic paint can be left rough and matte or worked to a semi-gloss or lustrous high-gloss enamel like finish.
	www.rfpaints.com /1-Encaustics/EncausticTop.htm (319 words)

	ArtLex on Encaustic
		Perhaps the best known of all encaustic work are the Fayum funeral portraits painted in the 1st through 3rd centuries CE by Greek painters in Egypt.
		A portrait of the deceased, painted either in the prime of life or after death, was placed over the person's mummy as a memorial.
		It is a particularly durable paint, because wax is waterproof and over time can retain all the freshness of a newly finished work.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/e/encaustic.html (771 words)

	ArtLex on Painting
		How the ground (on which paint is applied) is prepared on the support depends greatly on the type of paint to be used.
		Paintings are usually intended to be placed in frames, and exhibited on walls, but there have been plenty of exceptions.
		Also, the act of painting, which may involve a wide range of techniques and materials, along with the artist's other concerns which effect the content of a work.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/p/painting.html (508 words)

	Waxworks 3
		Encaustic painting is a technique developed in ancient Greece, and can refer to any process that incorporates the use of wax manipulated through heat.
		Encaustic artwork has the advantage of not yellowing, of weathering well, being unaffected by moisture, and actually being able to withstand higher heat than oil paintings.
		After focusing into wax and pigment techniques of encaustic painting in recent years and producing a growing series of award-winning works, Morrisseau is setting her sights on full time devotion to the arts.
	home.att.net /~dan.gwendajay/waxworks3.html (1322 words)

	Encaustic Painting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This type of painting was used in the 5th century B.C. for weathering boats and coloring marble.
		Encaustic is the most durable of the artist's paints because the beeswax is impervious to moisture.
		The beauty and the difficultly in the paint is found in its immediate drying time.
	www.newburyfinearts.com /Library/Encaust.html (132 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Encaustic Painting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Encaustic Painting, painting in a medium that combines dry colors with heat-softened wax and resin.
		Painting, branch of the visual arts in which color, derived from any of numerous organic or synthetic substances, is applied to various surfaces to...
		Watercolor, in art, a type of painting that employs colored pigments dissolved in water.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Encaustic_Painting.html (109 words)

	Encaustic Painting Process
		Paintings from that time period show people in mock Greek dress and the women did their hair much like the fashion seen in ancient Greek sculptures.
		Painting took place on the super heated boards which allowed the wax-paint to stay fluid because of the heat.
		The process of painting is time consuming and requires the application of not less than three layers of wax to achieve the desired effects.
	members.aol.com /PatPreble/art.html (354 words)

	Miles Conrad - Lanning Gallery [Sedona Arizona] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The encaustic painting technique is a unique art form utilized by the ancient Egyptians and Greeks which combined a melted beeswax medium mixed with pure pigments, applied to surfaces while hot.
		There are very few original encaustic paintings from that period which have survived to modern times, but descriptions of the technique have been translated from ancient manuscripts.
		It is not advisable to leave this painting for long amounts of time in an automobile in midday temperatures during the summer or in desert climates.
	www.lanninggallery.com /ArtistGallery/conrad (427 words)

	Encaustic: 20 Questions Joanne Mattera, Author of Encaustic Painting, Has the Answers \| Daniel Smith Art Supplies
		Fusing, an essential part of the encaustic process, ensures that each layer of wax, or group of brushstrokes is securely attached to the ones beneath them.
		A large painting can be very heavy, making it difficult to handle or hang, and a thick surface will be less accomodating to the subtle movement of a substrate that expands or contracts in response to ambient moisture.
		You can buy readymade encaustic paint from a supplier such as RandF Handmade Paints, or you can make your own by adding pigment (dispersion, tube color or pigment powder) to the encaustic medium to make your own.
	www.danielsmith.com /learn/inksmith/200504b (1619 words)

	Columns: We're drawn to art
		I mean those who rendered Paleolithic paintings of horses, cows and stags on the walls of dozens of caves along the northern slopes of the Pyrenees.
		Encaustic is an ancient medium found in Greek works dating to the 5th century B.C. It is a paint made from pigment, beeswax and resin that can be painted on a stiff surface and then fused using a heat gun.
		We painted on small wood panels covered in gesso (although not the special gesso mixed with what is called rabbit skin glue necessary for archival work).
	www.sptimes.com /2005/03/13/Columns/We_re_drawn_to_art.shtml (716 words)

	Wax Art : About Us : WaxArt.com : The History of Encaustic Painting
		Encaustic painting (from the Greek: "burnt in") was an ancient method of fixing pigments with heated wax, probably first practiced in Egypt about 3000 BC.
		The best known of all ancient encaustic works are the Fayum funeral portraits painted in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD by Greek painters living in Egypt after Alexander the Great's conquest of that region.
		These Greek artisans adopted many of the Egyptian customs, including mummifying their dead, and the painting of a portrait of the deceased that was placed over the person's mummy as a memorial.
	www.waxart.com /about_us.shtml (290 words)

	Encaustic Painting Technique, Watercolor Paper Collage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The paint is applied with a brush or spatula or poured or dripped onto a sturdy support — usually a board.
		The encaustic can also be made more fluid by adding medium or by raising its temperature a little.
		The painting and fusing of encaustic can be done with great precision, but it is a technique that requires practice.
	www.maryfarmer.com /mftech.html (400 words)

	Paula Roland's Workshop in Santa Fe New Mexico.
		Encaustic sticks (beeswax and pigment in solid form) are used to draw on a heated metal plate.
		Unlike encaustic painting, there is no need to fuse (heat the surface of the wax) since fusing takes place as you work.
		Inspired by encaustic monotype methods developed by Dorothy Furlong Gardner, an artist-friend from New Orleans, Roland, after extensive research and experimentation, developed a curriculum that extends and contemporizes the process.
	www.paularoland.com /format.htm (553 words)

	Joanne Mattera, New York, NY — Painting, Encaustic, Wax, Works on Paper
		What a sweet irony it is that at the beginning of a new millennium, when cyber images are generated at the speed of light as pixels on a screen, a laborious medium that flourished over 2000 years ago should once again become a hot commodity.
		And hot is the appropriate word here, for encaustic, from the ancient Greek enkaustikos, means "to heat" or "to burn." Heat is used at every stage of encaustic painting.
		The medium consists of beeswax melted with a small amount of resin; it becomes paint when pigment is added to the molten wax.
	www.joannemattera.com /pages/book.htm (329 words)

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