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Topic: Encephalitis lethargica

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	Encephalitis lethargica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Encephalitis lethargica is an atypical form of encephalitis.
		Encephalitis Lethargica, also known as sleeping sickness (though different from the sleeping sickness transmitted by the tsetse fly), is a devastating illness that swept the world in the 1920's and then, vanished as soon as it had appeared.
		The cause of encephalitis lethargica is not yet known for certain, but on the basis of research by British doctors Russell Dale and Andrew Church, the disease is now thought to be due to a massive immune reaction to an infection by the streptococcus-like bacterium, diplococcus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Encephalitis_lethargica (560 words)

	Encephalitis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain, commonly caused by a viral infection.
		Sometimes, encephalitis can result from a bacterial infection, such as bacterial meningitis, or it may be a complication of other infectious diseases like rabies (viral) or syphilis (bacterial).
		Encephalitis lethargica is an atypical form of encephalitis which caused an epidemic from 1917 to 1928.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Encephalitis (765 words)

	CHAPTER XV
		Encephalitis lethargica may be defined as a subacute infectious disease of the sensory nervous system, occurring sporadically in man, characterized clinically by the triad syndrome, lethargy, cranial nerve palsies, and a febrile state, and pathologically by multiple inflammatory foci most commonly in the brain stem, subthalamic region, about the third ventricle, iter, and mesencephalon.
		Encephalitis lethargica is not a reportable disease in many of the States and reports of its prevalence received by the United States Public Health Service are fragmentary.
		Encephalitis lethargica belongs to the class of polyencephalitic diseases and it has been suggested that the relationship to anterior poliomyelitis may be similar to that of paratyphoid to typhoid fever.
	history.amedd.army.mil /booksdocs/wwi/communicablediseases/chapter15.htm (4144 words)

	Waking to a New Flu Threat - New York Times
		Of the million or so people who came down with encephalitis lethargica during this period, half a million died in the acute stages of the illness; most of the survivors, people who appeared to have recovered, went on to develop, sometimes decades later, a variety of neurological problems, including a crippling form of parkinsonism.
		The relationship of encephalitis lethargica to the 1918 influenza epidemic is unclear, but we can no longer afford to remain ignorant about it.
		Encephalitis lethargica is a particularly insidious disease because it is so variable; any early cases in a new outbreak would almost certainly be misdiagnosed as they were 100 years ago.
	www.nytimes.com /2005/11/16/opinion/16sacks.html?ex=1289797200&en=371a93bf12ce8dd2&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss (660 words)

	Encephalitis: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		Encephalitis that results as a complication of another systemic infection is known as parainfectious encephalitis and can follow such diseases as measles (rubeola), influenza, and scarlet fever.
		ENCEPHALITIS ensef li t s, general term used to describe a diffuse inflammation of the brain and spinal...brain inflammation are rabies, polio, and two types transmitted by the mosquito: equine encephalitis in its various forms and St. Louis encephalitis.
		In foxes the disease is manifested primarily as encephalitis.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101242710 (1586 words)

	eMedicine - Viral Encephalitis : Article by Francisco de Assis Aquino Gondim, MD, MSc, PhD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		HSV encephalitis is the most common form of viral encephalitis and has an incidence of 2 cases per 1 million population per year and accounts for 10% of all cases of encephalitis in the United States.
		In St. Louis encephalitis, EEG is characterized by diffuse delta activity, and spike and waves are not prominent in the acute stage.
		In acute viral encephalitis, capillary and endothelial inflammation of cortical vessels is a pathologic hallmark occurring in the gray matter or at the junction of the gray matter and white matter.
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/topic393.htm (6441 words)

	Encephalitis Lethargica Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
		Encephalitis lethargica is a disease characterized by high fever, headache, double vision, delayed physical and mental response, and lethargy.
		Between 1917 to 1928, an epidemic of encephalitis lethargica spread throughout the world, but no recurrence of the epidemic has since been reported.
		The NINDS supports research on disorders that affect the brain, such as encephalitis lethargica, with the goal of finding ways to prevent and treat them.
	www.ninds.nih.gov /disorders/encephalitis_lethargica/encephalitis_lethargica.htm (280 words)

	Encephalitis Viral (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The symptoms of encephalitis are caused by the brain's defense mechanisms activating to get rid of infection (brain swelling, small bleedings and cell death).
		Japanese Encephalitis is a mosquito borne virus from the family Flaviviridae.
		Japanese encephalitis is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia with 30-50,000 cases reported annually, case-fatality rates range from 0.3% to 60%.
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/69/encephalitis-viral.html (1082 words)

	Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Encephalitis lethargica syndrome: 20 new cases and evidence of basal ganglia autoimmunity.
		In 1916, von Economo first described encephalitis lethargica (EL), a CNS disorder presenting with pharyngitis followed by sleep disorder, basal ganglia signs (particularly parkinsonism) and neuropsychiatric sequelae.
		Pathological studies revealed an encephalitis of the midbrain and basal ganglia, with lymphocyte (predominantly plasma cell) infiltration.
	www.websciences.org /cftemplate/NAPS/indiv.cfm?ID=20034104 (374 words)

	Encephalitis lethargica
		Encephalitis lethargica: Its sequelae and treatment (Oxford medical publications) (Oxford medical publications)
		Report on encephalitis lethargica: Being an account of further enquiries into the epidemiology and clinical features of the disease ; including an analysis...
		Report of an inquiry into the after-histories of persons attacked by encephalitis lethargica (Reports on public health and medical subjects) (Reports on public health and medical subjects)
	www.veryhappening.com /things/encephalitis_lethargica (75 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Mystery of the forgotten plague
		Encephalitis Lethargica was a devastating illness that swept the world in the 1920's.
		Becky was suffering from Encephalitis Lethargica - a disease that had last appeared over 70 years before.
		There in the medical records was a description of a bacterial infection very similar to the one causing the modern cases of Encephalitis Lethargica.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/3930727.stm (935 words)

	MedForumsLive.com - Encephalitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Encephalitis can cause brain damage, which may result in or exacerbate the symptoms of a developmental disorder or mental illness.
		The form called encephalitis lethargica ("sleeping sickness") results in a set of Parkinson's disease-like symptoms called postencephalitic parkinsonianism.
		Treatment of encephalitis must begin as early as possible to avoid potentially serious and life-long effects.
	www.medforumslive.com /dictionary/e/Ek-Eo/Encephalitis.html (166 words)

	CHAPTER IV
		Furthermore and fortunately, the incidence of encephalitis lethargica began to decline in the midtwenties, both in the United States and in Europe.
		Although Japanese B encephalitis had been stated to occur on Okinawa, the figures were difficult to assess since cases of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, encephalitis lethargica, and malaria with cerebral symptoms were also reported, usually with the diagnosis made on clinical grounds.
		The investigation of encephalitis was assigned to the Military Government Research Center, and on 18 July 1945, an isolation hospital for the study of the disease was opened at Gimbaru.
	history.amedd.army.mil /booksdocs/wwii/infectiousdisvolii/chapter4.htm (9395 words)

	[No title]
		Traces of the virus was also found in the brains of the dead, which may eventually give a link between the influenza and "sleepy sickness", encephalitis lethargica, a disease that put the sufferers into long-lasting comas in the 1920s, researchers hope.
		The "sleepy sickness" referred to is encephalitis lethargica (von Economo disease), a pandemic encephalitis of unknown etiology that occurred at around the same time as the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic.
		For example, it was argued by Ravenholt and Foege (Lancet 1982;2:860-864) that encephalitis lethargica DID NOT occur in the blockaded parts of Samoa which were untouched by pandemic influenza in 1918-1919, but DID occur in the islands that were not blockaded and therefore experienced epidemic influenza.
	www.promedmail.org /pls/askus/f?p=2400:1001:5961970283144446572::::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_ARCHIVE_NUMBER,F2400_P1001_USE_ARCHIVE:1001,20000101.0001,Y (632 words)

	Malignant catatonia secondary to sporadic encephalitis lethargica -- SHILL and STACY 69 (3): 402 -- Journal of ...
		Malignant catatonia secondary to sporadic encephalitis lethargica -- SHILL and STACY 69 (3): 402 -- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
		as epidemic encephalitis, encephalitis lethargica, or Von Economo's
		Johnson J, Lucey PA. Encephalitis lethargica, a contemporary cause of catatonic stupor.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/69/3/402 (891 words)

	The Sophie Cameron Trust - Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		One that is ongoing is the work on the cause of encephalitis lethargica by Dr Russell Dale and Andrew Church at the Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London.
		This research, which is expected to continue for about 18 months, should improve the medical profession's understanding of the causes of encephalitis lethargica, and the way in which it develops, and may eventually lead to a specific diagnostic test.
		Encephalitis lethargica (EL) is a disease that has been described for many centuries.
	www.thesophiecamerontrust.org.uk /research.htm (1736 words)

	TheStar.com - Is sleeping sickness linked to Spanish flu of 1918? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The disease began like other types of encephalitis with fever, headache, stiff neck, and drowsiness, but its symptoms were so varied that few patients ever presented the same picture.
		Despite the severity of encephalitis lethargica, many patients seemed to make a complete recovery, and were able to return to their former lives.
		Detractors of the theory would argue that the first cases of sleeping sickness preceded Spanish flu by several years; influenza was highly communicable, whereas encephalitis was noncommunicable; not all cases of encephalitis lethargica had a history of earlier influenza infection; and not all influenza epidemics are associated with epidemic encephalitis.
	www.thestar.com /NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_Type1&c=Article&cid=1135941240915&call_pageid=968256290204&col=968350116795 (863 words)

	BrainTalk Communities - Is this the cause of Parkinsons?
		Acute influenza may be accompanied by encephalitis, but symptoms usually resolve without neurologic sequelae [2] [23] [24] Postinfluenza encephalitis was described after the influenza epidemics of 1580, 1658, 1673 to 1675, 1711 to 1712, 1729, 1767, 1780 to 1782, 1830 to 1833, 1847 to 1848, and 1889 to 1892.
		The encephalitis pandemic that followed the 1918 to 1919 pandemic was unique with respect to its frequency, virulence, and sequelae.
		Encephalitis lethargica was characterized by a triad of mental confusion and lethargy, fever, and movements of ocular muscles.
	brain.hastypastry.net /forums/printthread.php?t=29633 (1772 words)

	von.economo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Lack of detection of influenza genes in archived formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded brain samples of encephalitis lethargica patients from 1916 to 1920.
		Encephalitis lethargica syndrome: 20 new cases and evidence of basal ganglia autoimmunity RC Dale, AJ Church, RA Surtees, AJ Lees, JE Adcock, B Harding, BG Neville, G Giovannoni
		Influenza RNA not detected in archival brain tissues from acute encephalitis lethargica cases or in postencephalitic Parkinson cases McCall S, Henry JM, Reid AH, Taubenberger JK J Neuropathol Exp Neurol.
	webperso.easyconnect.fr /baillement/lettres/vonecononmo-autoimmun.html (2543 words)

	BBC - Health - Conditions - Encephalitis lethargica
		Doctors named it encephalitis lethargica, which simply means 'inflammation of the brain that makes you tired'.
		Although an epidemic of encephalitis lethargica hasn't recurred, occasional cases had been reported beforehand and are still sometimes seen.
		The symptoms of encephalitis lethargica can be variable, but the illness usually starts with a high fever, headache and sore throat.
	www.bbc.co.uk /health/conditions/encephalitislethargica1.shtml (880 words)

	Bilateral substantia nigra lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in a patient with encephalitis lethargica -- ...
		Bilateral substantia nigra lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in a patient with encephalitis lethargica
		lethargica was made, according to the criteria of Howard and Lees.
		Encephalitis lethargica: a report of four recent cases.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/71/2/275 (522 words)

	Doctors fear outbreak of 'Awakenings' disease
		Encephalitis lethargica - the subject of the Hollywood film Awakenings - affected five million people and killed one million.
		It has never been established whether encephalitis lethargica - the Sleepy Plague - was caused by a virus, was the result of the influenza epidemic that swept the globe at the end of the First World War, or if there was a genetic link.
		The inflammation in her brain was by this time so serious that it was decided that her only hope was a massive dose of steroids to reduce the swelling.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1998/07/26/nawak26.html (817 words)

	Encephalitis lethargica -
		Other patients have been encephalitis lethargica less fortunate, and the disease then becomes progressive, with evidence of brain damage similar to Parkinson's disease.
		A disease is any abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the person affected or those in contact with the person.
		The broader body of knowledge about diseases and their treatments is medicine.
	www.medicalgeo.com /Med-Diseases-E/Encephalitis-lethargica.html (422 words)

	Tresorie - Encephalitis Lethargica [Encephalitis Lethargica]
		They claim the type serologically is not the same, nor is it the type as that formerly known as epidemic or lethargic encephalitis.
		Our State Board uses the term epidemic encephalitis, but why they do with the sporadic cases outnumbering the epidemic is not apparent.
		Not having seen a case of encephalitis, but pretty well convinced that that this was one, I reported it as a suspected case to the chairman of the local Board of Health and asked that a state inspector be called to pass on the case.
	www.homeoint.org /hompath/articles/3.html (1100 words)

	Rise of the New Plagues Continues
		Encephalitis lethargica is a mysterious disease that was the subject of the film Awakenings, starring Robin Williams and Robert De Niro.
		Although the epidemic of encephalitis lethargica hasn't recurred, occasional cases had been reported for centuries beforehand and are still sometimes seen.
		The symptoms of encephalitis lethargica can be very variable but the illness usually starts with a high fever, headache and often a sore throat.
	chem11.proboards2.com /index.cgi?board=gaiasphere&action=print&thread=1091101721 (20560 words)

	Encephalitis lethargica: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Encephalitis lethargica is an atypical form of encephalitis (Inflammation of the brain usually caused by a virus; symptoms include headache and neck pain and drowsiness and nausea and fever (`phrenitis' is no longer in scientific use))
		The cause of encephalitis lethargica is not yet known for certain, Exception Handler: No article summary found.
		The encephalitis lethargica epidemic of 1917-1928 has also appeared in comic book literature in Neil Gaiman[for more facts and a summary of this subject, click this link]'s Sandman (An elf in fairy stories who sprinkles sand in children's eyes to make them sleepy)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /ref/encephalitis_lethargica (1330 words)

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