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Topic: Encomenderos

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	Puerto Vallarta - Mexico Magico - PVMirror
		Encomenderos, first off, had their pick of the Indian women, whether with husband or not.
		All of the early encomenderos, writes a noted scholar, looked upon the encomienda as a license to exploit, not excluding robbing villages of their lands.
		Encomenderos, therefore, were the first to buy land, when they could not steal it.
	www.pvmirror.com /mexicomagico/triumphsandtragedy-chapter1-36.html (836 words)

	Encomienda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In return the encomenderos were expected to provide safety for the people through an established military and teachings in Christianity.
		They used their influence and power as encomenderos and land owners to seize more lands from the natives, increase taxes, and ultimately force the natives into slavery.
		The etymology of encomienda and encomendero lies in the Spanish verb encomendar, "to entrust".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Encomienda (474 words)

	encomenderos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		An encomendero is the name for a conquistador who was given an encomienda grant over a part of the Spanish conquest of South America.
		When this happened, the encomendero was expected to care for the natives that lived there.
		This exploitation of the indigenous natives and the other negative influences of the European presence of encomenderos were some of the factors that led to the breakdown of the entire encomienda system.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /encomenderos.html (213 words)

	WORLD ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Colombia - The Colonial Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		In effect, the encomendero was a deputy charged by the crown with responsibility for the support of the Indians and their moral and religious welfare.
		Assuming that the land and its inhabitants were entirely at its disposal, the monarchy envisioned the encomiendas as a means of administering humane and constructive policies of the government of Spain and protecting the welfare of the Indians.
		The encomenderos, however, sought to employ the Indians for their own purposes and to maintain their land as hereditary property to be held in perpetuity.
	encyclopaedic.net /world/colombia/8.php (1472 words)

	Encomenderos
		Conspiracy of the Encomenderos, 1565-68 (New Spain) Led by Martin Cortes sought to be Viceroy.
		Encomenderos: conquerors and royal favorites received grants of tribute and labor of native villagers (1492-1540s) Crown attempts to.
		These people, Natives, were allocated to the encomenderos, the owners of the encomiendas Along with the land, these "encomenderos" were allotted the Native people of the land as the.
	www.99hosted.com /names8345.html (442 words)

	Aparthotels Santiago, Encomenderos Apartments - Chile Contact
		Located steps away from El Bosque Avenue, the new business central of Santiago, near of restaurants, banks, supermarkets, pubs and others services.
		Note: The actual rates are subject to change due to seasonal demand.
		Encomenderos Apartments is located really close of the Av.
	www.chilecontact.com /en_chile/EncomenderosApartments_819.html (149 words)

	Sociology 350
		The encomendero was the recipient of the grant of indigenous labor.
		The receiver of the grant (encomendero) had legal responsibilities to the state and the church; he had to provide the state with military resources and aid, administer a given territory and defend the colonial legislation.
		The encomendero promised to convert the native population to Catholicism.
	www.unm.edu /~nvaldes/350/encom.htm (1045 words)

	history240lecturepages4
		Encomenderos made “token” visits to their plantations, turning the actual management of them over to a Forman, called a mayordomo.
		Thus, the Spanish encomendero “wanted one of everything.” He was thus determined to possess at least one fine carriage, at least one race horse ranch, at least one mistress, and at least one cattle ranch (the same in the Old South).
		Encomenderos were also accompanied by their slaves, which were deemed a sign of wealth and great status, due to their expense.
	home.att.net /~history240/history240lecturepages6.html (3098 words)

	Aztec and Spainish rule over the Tlaxcala
		In this system, a Spanish encomendero, a conquistador who gained the status similar to that of a landlord, would be given a plot of land, town, or city, and the native population would be required to serve him and work his lands in exchange for military defense and a religious education.
		However, the encomenderos quickly realized their unlimited power over the natives and their freedom to ignore the law since an ocean separated the Spanish colonists and the Spanish government in addition to the fact that the standards for the encomienda system was merely a policy or standard and not official law.
		Thus, the position of the encomendero became a coveted one due to the tributes that the Indians were to payThese tributes allowed the colonists to live and thrive without having to exert themselves, because of the surpluses that the Indian tributes supplied the colonists that enabled the Spanish to trade and make a profit.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/essays/cot/t4w16tlaxcala.htm (1793 words)

	Historical Text Archive: Articles: Encomienda System and the New World Indians
		The encomenderos were order at first to not mistreat the Indians in any way while trying to persuade the Indians to convert their beliefs.
		Most of the time, the encomenderos were granted the responsibility of the Indian for only a short period time in which their Christian instruction began.
		The encomenderos were not treating their Indians properly and as a result their labor force was dying off, especially in the matters of mining (Calero, 39).
	historicaltextarchive.com /sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=633 (2452 words)

	WORLD ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Peru - Colonial Administration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The most important royal official was the viceroy, who had a host of responsibilities ranging from general administration (particularly tax collection and construction of public works) and internal and external defense to support of the church and protection of the native population.
		In the early years of the conquest, the crown was particularly concerned with preventing the conquistadors or encomenderos from establishing themselves as a feudal aristocracy capable of thwarting royal interests.
		The early administrative functions of the encomenderos over the indigenous population (protection and Christianization) were taken over by new state-appointed officials called correqidores de indios (governors of Indians).
	encyclopaedic.net /world/peru/8.php (718 words)

	encomienda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The conquistadors, known as encomenderos, were able to tax these people and summon them for labor.
		This policy usually amounted to enslavement of the local population because of the abuse of powers by the encomenderos.
		Other problems of the encomienda system in Peru occurred due to the breaking up of extended families, or ayllus, which brought an end to their economic system of vertical exchanges.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Encomienda.html (260 words)

	Salinas Pueblo Missions NM: Architectural History (Chapter 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		A separate legal provision called repartimiento, however, allowed the governor, the missionaries, and the encomenderos to force the Indians to work for them, so long as the Indians were compensated for their time.
		Encomenderos were persons of influence in the economic structure of New Mexico, because they had some control over one of the major sources of wealth in the province: the Indian pueblos.
		Encomenderos, because of their relative wealth, frequently owned ranches and farms in the area of their encomienda.
	www.nps.gov /sapu/hsr/hsr2d.htm (1221 words)

	Historical Text Archive: Articles: Repartimiento
		The encomenderos would be compensated from this tribute for the loss of their labor force but they could continue to work the mines on their own account if they chose.
		The idea was that because the encomenderos had no guarantee to the future of their labor force they had misused their labor to get more production out of them.
		If they were reassured that they would not lose their labor, the encomenderos would treat them with more care and attention and subject the Negro work force to the brunt of the mining work.
	historicaltextarchive.com /sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=637 (4107 words)

	ABOUT GUANAJUATO
		In the territory of Michoacan, there was a fierce rivalry between the Spanish landholders, known as 'encomenderos', and the local king, Tzintzicha Tangaxoan, who charged tribute from the area's Purepecha chieftains in return for protection from the ambitions of the Conquistadors.
		Each encomendero was entrusted the task of controlling a given area of land together with the native population and villages within its borders.
		Beltran was more than happy to oblige the encomenderos, subjecting Tangaxoan to a hasty trial and a cruel death.
	www.guanajuato.gob.mx /ingles/histoconqu.htm (1935 words)

	No More Negotiation: Slavery and the destabilization of colonial Hispaniola's encomienda system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The royal cédulas granting encomiendas use language indicating that he is correct, that the encomenderos' authority over their commended Indians was filtered through the caciques, who were to be "los mejor tratados" (treated better [than other Indians]).
		Serralonga was Isabel's encomendero, but he had been away in Spain about one year to be cured of an unspecified illness contracted on Hispaniola, during which time she became attached to a Mayorcan named Pere Martín.
		Despite Serralonga's appeal to Colón and the oidores, the cacica appears to have gotten her way, for another cédula on Serralonga's behalf, who was still or again complaining of ill health, was sent to Colón on August 12, 1512, demanding the return of his cacica and her naborías.
	www.fiu.edu /~history/kislakprize/guitar.htm (5454 words)

	guatemala2
		The names of fifty-seven encomenderos appeared in the 1532 document but only twenty-seven of those appeared on the tribute list of 1548 (See supplement no. 7): that is to say, more than one half of those men had disappeared in the sixteen year period, most of them, it seems, without heirs.
		Perhaps encomenderos were trying to establish figures from which they could bargain with authorities regarding future grants.
		Gomez de Alvarado, brother of the adelantado, testified as to his holding of the pueblo called Nunualco with "1,000 dwellings, more or less"; further, he testified that it was in hot, sterile, broken land and paid as tribute very little maize, chickens, salt, fish, chili, and cotton textiles.
	libro.uca.edu /guatemala/guatemala2.htm (4008 words)

	[No title]
		Dasmarinas also complains that the bishop does not provide laymen to instruct the natives; that he allows the Indians to come to Manila too often with their complaints, and that there are irregularities in the appointment of clergymen to benefices.
		The encomenderos shall fulfil and observe all the aforesaid orders, under penalty of being deprived of their encomiendas.
		Dasmarinas has already compelled the encomenderos to refrain from collecting the fourth part of the tax when they do not provide the Indians with religious instruction--a reform which had never been secured until he made it.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/13742/13742.txt (13802 words)

	[No title]
		Through encomienda (from encomendar, “to entrust”), encomenderos were allowed to exploit Indians but were charged with taking care of their physical and spiritual needs.
		Encomenderos argued against decrees promoting improved treatment of Indian populations by arguing that (1) their care was a civilizing element in their lives and that (2) forced labor was a small price to pay for eternal salvation granted by the Catholic Church (of which they had introduced them to).
		Significance: Encomenderos steadfastly refused to do any menial labor themselves; later the system engendered by encomienda and encomenderos established patterns of defiance against the Crown and elitism against the Indians of the New World that created many of the cultural patterns that we see throughout Latin America today.
	www.csubak.edu /~mmartinez/LATerms.doc (2133 words)

	The Encomienda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The encomienda itself was a grant of Indians within a geographic region, which were given to an encomendero, the Spaniard who received the grant of Indians.
		However, it quickly became an opportunity for the encomenderos to exploit and utilize the Indians to their own ends.
		It was ordered that the encomenderos were not allowed to mistreat the Indians in any way, but at the same time, the Indians were to be "persuaded to abandon their ancient evil ways "(Simpson 11).
	muweb.millersville.edu /~columbus/papers/scott-m.html (2911 words)

	guatemala3
		Beeswax was paid to encomenderos in greater quantities and chickens in greater numbers than anywhere else except for San Salvador; but aside from these two items, tributes were modest and the list is short.
		Leon encomenderos were paid at the highest rates in maize and beans planted, and those of Granada at a rate only somewhat less.
		A small compensation was made to its encomenderos for the meagreness of resources by the number of servants allotted.
	libro.uca.edu /guatemala/guatemala3.htm (1892 words)

	The Encomenderos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Bishop Salazar wrote to the King in 1583 regarding the encomenderos, "They collect tribute from cbildren, old men, and slaves, and many remain unmarried because of the tribute, while others kill their children.
		But the end is not here, but in the manner of collecting, for, if the chief does not give them as much gold as they demand, or does not pay for as many Indians as they say there are, they crucify the unfortunate chief, or put his head in the stocks.
		What the encomendero does after having collected his tribute in the manner stated is to return home and for another year he neither sees nor hears of them.
	www.univie.ac.at /voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi/forbes/forbes57.htm (233 words)

	Biblioteca Digital del INEAM - INTERAMER
		In turn, the encomenderos were—according to the Laws of the Indies—under the obligation to instruct the Indians in Christian doctrine, give them some formal education and attend to their general well-being.
		Most were from the impoverished ranks of the lesser nobility and brought to America their ambitions of acquiring land and wealth, as well as prestige and title.
		Encomenderos were the Spaniards legally granted the possession of an encomienda.
	www.educoas.org /Portal/bdigital/contenido/interamer/interamer_59/notes_intro.aspx (305 words)

	Chapter 7 Page 119
		Another one of the determining factors for the characterization of the period and which accents the phenomenon of inertia, which we pointed out earlier, is the almost continuous war against the uprisen Indians, a most grave problem as old as el Nuevo Reino de León.
		We have be able to collect various examples of encomenderos or captain protectors who, without lands to cultivate, exploited their vassals or protected ones leasing their work to other people.
		Furthermore, the discontent, the violent protest, the spirit of vengeance and the state of rebellion had been growing among the nomads as far as territories very distant from the colonized portion.
	www.library.ci.corpus-christi.tx.us /newkingdom/reinochapter7p119.htm (659 words)

	Encomenderos and Royal Officials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Tributes supplied enough slaves and provisions to allow encomenderos to work a few placer deposits and mines, and to obtain capital in the form of precious metals.
		The only ones to posses capital in this impoverished country were the large encomenderos, some northern miners, and influential officials whose salaries alone represented large incomes which was extremely rare.
		Among the large encomiendas, Jilotepec brought in 17,000 pesos, which was divided equally between Francisco de Velasco, the second viceroy’s brother and Dona Beatriz de Andrade’s heir.
	daphne.palomar.edu /marguello_students/Fall_2003/006350662/royalofficials.htm (210 words)

	A short summery of History of Córdoba
		At the beginning of the XVII century the Jesuits had to face the group of “encomenderos” to protect the interest of the natives.
		On the contrary, the encomenderos obliged the natives to work all day to pay the taxes, without any control from the colonial state.
		The result was a group of ordinances that prohibited the “Personal Service” or, in other words the exploitation of natives and set up a lot of rules for the natives’ work.
	members.tripod.com /~Osvaldo_Carnero/history_full.html (1461 words)

	The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898: explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their ...
		Dasmariñas also complains Page 6that the bishop does not provide laymen to instruct the natives; that he allows the Indians to come to Manila too often with their complaints, and that there are irregularities in the appointment of clergymen to benefices.
		The encomenderos shall fulfil and observe all the Page 24aforesaid orders, under penalty of being deprived of their encomiendas.
		Dasmariñas has already compelled the encomenderos to refrain from collecting the fourth part of the tax when they do not provide the Indians with religious instruction—a reform which had never been secured until he made it.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/1/3/7/4/13742/13742-h/13742-h.htm (13222 words)

	Dominican Republic Information , Hotel , Travel & News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The crown's right to service from the tenants could be transferred in trust to individual Spanish settlers (encomenderos) by formal grant and the regular payment of tribute.
		The encomenderos were entitled to certain days of labor from the Indians, who became their charges.
		Encomenderos thus assumed the responsibility of providing for the physical well-being of the Indians and for their instruction in Christianity.
	www.dominicanrepublic.com /thecountry/history.php (941 words)

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