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Topic: Encopresis

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	Answers about Encopresis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		My daughter's encopresis had successfully resolved for 2 weeks, which was wonderful, but then I began to see evidence of soiling in her underwear; also, she seemed to lose her appetite somewhat.
		A: Because encopresis implies the child is soiling his or her underwear, most pediatricians and gastroenterologists do not make the diagnosis of encopresis until the child is beyond the age of toilet training, which is generally age 3-4 years.
		In some children, encopresis may persist because of their inability to recognize or attend to the normal urge to pass a bowel movement when stool moves down into their rectum and stretches it.
	www.aboutencopresis.com /ask/ask_03.html (8717 words)

	Encopresis - Psychology Wiki - A Wikia wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The estimated prevalence of encopresis in 5-year-olds is ~1%.
		Encopresis is commonly caused by constipation, various physiological, psychological, or neurological disorders, or from surgery.
		Encopresis may also be due to psychological problems, such as oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Encopresis (497 words)

	Encopresis: Encyclopedia of Children's Health
		Encopresis is defined as repeated involuntary defecation somewhere other than a toilet by a child age four or older that continues for at least one month.
		This type, nonretentive encopresis, is a behavioral condition in which the child refuses to defecate in a toilet.
		Retentive encopresis is most often the result of chronic constipation and fecal impaction.
	health.enotes.com /childrens-health-encyclopedia/encopresis (940 words)

	Encopresis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Encopresis is the repeated passage of stool or feces into inappropriate places such as the clothing or floor, whether intentional or involuntary.
		To be diagnosed with encopresis, an individual must be at least 4 years of age, and the encopresis must occur at the rate of at least one episode a month for 3 months or more.
		In the first type of encopresis where the child has some control over the behavior, the encopresis tends to be temporary and often resolves after the stress such as a new sibling, move, or change in school is no longer acute.
	www.lakeside.ca /Patient_Info/encopresis.htm (1182 words)

	ENCOPRESIS
		Encopresis is the repeated passage of stool or feces into inappropriate places such as the clothing or floor, whether intentional or involuntary.
		To be diagnosed with encopresis, an individual must be at least 4 years of age, and the encopresis must occur at the rate of at least one episode a month for 3 months or more.
		In the first type of encopresis where the child has some control over the behavior, the encopresis tends to be temporary and often resolves after the stress–such as a new sibling, move, or change in school–is no longer acute.
	apma-nc.com /PatientEducation/encopresis.htm (1240 words)

	Treatment Guidelines for Primary Nonretentive Encopresis and Stool Toileting Refusal - April 15, 1999 - American ...
		Therapy for nonretentive encopresis is based on ensuring comfortable bowel movements, establishing appropriate defecation behaviors and providing incentives and rewards.
		encopresis in which fecal retention is not a primary etiologic component is under-represented in the literature.
		The guidelines were developed from the literature on toilet training and encopresis, with a special emphasis on practicality and ease of implementation by the family physician.
	www.aafp.org /afp/990415ap/2171.html (3564 words)

	Encopresis , by Dr. Deane G. Baldwin
		Encopresis is a medical condition where a child, more often a male, repeatedly has bowel movements somewhere other than the toilet.
		Usually, once a physician has determined the absence of an identifiable physical illness, encopresis falls into the realm of a mental disorder, particularly when it is protracted or becomes a factor that precipitates an adjustment disorder.
		DSM IV suggests that deliberate encopresis is often associated with anxiety or may be the result of an Oppositional Defiant Disorder or Conduct Disorder.
	www.selfgrowth.com /articles/Baldwin4.html (366 words)

	EPSDT Care for Kids Newsletter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Encopresis is a repeated, involuntary passage of feces into the underwear that occurs at least once a month over a period of at least 6 months.
		Some children with encopresis have daily bowel movements but evacuate incompletely, as evidenced by the periodic passage of very large amounts of stool, sometimes large enough to clog the toilet.
		Parents often assume that the encopresis is caused by the reluctance of the child to use the toilet, and it is important for parents to understand that encopresis is involuntary.
	www.medicine.uiowa.edu /epsdt/win97/encopresis.asp (921 words)

	InteliHealth:
		Encopresis, also called fecal soiling, is when a child passes stool (feces, bowel movements) into his or her underpants or some other inappropriate place.
		In 9 out of 10 children with encopresis, the problem is related to chronic constipation, which means bowel movements don't occur often enough, and the stool is hard and dry.
		In rare cases, encopresis is related to medical problems involving the nerves in the spine or bowel wall, or to psychological issues, such as anger, abnormally impulsive behavior, grief over the death of a loved one, sexual abuse or some other stress.
	www.intelihealth.com /IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9339/9887.html (1760 words)

	Encopresis (elimination disorders) symptoms, causes, and treatment on MedicineNet.com
		There are two types of elimination disorders, encopresis and enuresis.
		Encopresis is the repeated passing of feces into places other than the toilet, such as in underwear or on the floor.
		As with encopresis, this behavior may or may not be done on purpose.
	www.medicinenet.com /encopresis/article.htm (260 words)

	Psychology Today's Diagnosis Dictionary: Encopresis
		Encopresis usually an involuntary passage of feces (stools) by a child age four or more in inappropriate places such as clothing.
		Encopresis is categorized according to the subtype that characterizes the presentation -- primary is with constipation and overflow incontinence; secondary is without constipation and overflow incontinence.
		Usually, encopresis is a physical disorder associated with chronic constipation, and the development of abnormal patterns of external sphincter muscle practices whereby the muscle is contracted rather than relaxed when a bowel movement is attempted.
	www.psychologytoday.com /conditions/encopresis.html (965 words)

	Encopresis - Definition, Description, Causes and symptoms, Demographics, Diagnosis, Treatments, Prognosis, Prevention
		Encopresis is an elimination disorder that involves repeatedly having bowel movements in inappropriate places after the age when bowel control is normally expected.
		Although involuntary encopresis, called by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) encopresis with constipation and overflow incontinence, is caused by constipation, the constipation may be the result of psychological factors.
		Since 80–95% of encopresis is related to constipation, the success rate in resolving involuntary encopresis is high, although it may take time to establish good bowel habits and eliminate a reoccurrence of constipation.
	www.minddisorders.com /Del-Fi/Encopresis.html (962 words)

	AboutOurKids.org \| About Encopresis (soiling)
		A child with encopresis passes feces into inappropriate places, such as underwear or the floor, after the time that bowel control is physiologically possible and after the age at which toilet training is expected to be accomplished.
		In many cases encopresis occurs when there is a stressful family situation, such as divorce, birth of a sibling or a transition such as starting school.
		The physiological basis of encopresis is chronic or intermittent retention of feces, resulting in distension of the rectum and colon leading to a lack of sensitivity for the defecation reflex.
	www.aboutourkids.org /aboutour/articles/about_encopresis.html (1709 words)

	Encopresis in Children: Keep Kids Healthy Conditions
		Although encopresis occurs equally in boys and girls in younger children, by school age, it is much more common in boys.
		Encopresis is a complication of chronic constipation, and it is fecal soiling with the loss of semi-formed or usually liquid stools, which may be foul smelling, into a child's underwear.
		Encopresis can sometimes be difficult to treat, and your Pediatrician may consider referring you to a Pediatric Gastroenterologist for further management if he is not improving on his current medical regimen.
	www.keepkidshealthy.com /welcome/conditions/encopresis.html (988 words)

	Mental Health: Encopresis
		The most common cause of encopresis is chronic (long-term) constipation, the inability to release stools from the bowel.
		Another possible cause of encopresis is a physical problem related to the intestine's ability to move stool.
		Encopresis is fairly common, even though many cases are not reported due to the child's and/or the parents' embarrassment.
	www.webmd.com /mental-health/mental-health-elimination-disorders-encopresis (656 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Encopresis
		Encopresis is the voluntary or involuntary passage of stools causing soiling of clothes by a child over 4 years of age.
		The first in which there is a physiologic basis for the encopresis, the second in which there seems to be an emotional basis.
		Encopresis frequently is associated with constipation and fecal impaction.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001570.htm (648 words)

	University Hospital School
		Encopresis occurs when feces, or stools, are allowed to build up in the colon (or large intestine) over a period of time.
		A child with encopresis may complain of a stomach ache, heartburn, or cramps; may feel too full to eat; or may vomit.
		It is important to understand what encopresis really is. The problem is not "in the child's mind." It is not a "behavior problem." Encopresis happens because a child's colon doesn't work as it should.
	www.myotonicdystrophy.org /Encopresis.htm (1193 words)

	Encopresis
		Encopresis is when a child older than four has frequent stool or bowel movement accidents.
		The stools may be firm, soft, or liquid.
		If you think your child may have encopresis, the Center for Disabilities and Development can help you with a diagnosis through our Bowel and Bladder Management Service.
	www.healthcare.uiowa.edu /cdd/patients/encopresis.asp (59 words)

	encopresis
		When somebody suffers from encopresis it means that he or she can't control their bowel movements and so they pass bowel movements in their underwear.
		In the 10 percent of children with encopresis who do not have chronic constipation, the disorder may be related to neurological problems involving the child's spinal nerves or bowel wall, or to psychological issues.
		In most cases, encopresis is not primarily a behavioral problem - children with encopresis do not have their accidents out of spite or because they are lazy.
	www.hopefs.org /Behavior/encopresis.html (3507 words)

	eMedicine - Encopresis : Article by Stephen Borowitz, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Little or no evidence indicates that encopresis is primarily a behavioral disorder, and most available evidence suggests that behavioral difficulties associated with encopresis may be the result of the encopresis and not the cause.
		Because more than 80% of children with encopresis have a history of constipation or painful bowel movements, medical therapy generally focuses on evacuation of the distal colon followed by prolonged use of laxative to ensure that stools are soft, frequently passed, and painless.
		Because most children with encopresis have retentive encopresis as a consequence of chronic constipation with resulting overflow incontinence, therapy is initially focused on evacuating the distal colon.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic670.htm (3398 words)

	Dr. M.J. Bazos, MD Patient Handout
		In terms of looking at who has this condition, one study shows that the prevalence of encopresis in children aged 7–8 years is about 1.5% of all children in that age group, with boys being more commonly affected than girls.
		Excessive stress during the toilet-training period, leading to increased anxiety and socalled “pot phobia” have all been associated with higher rates of encopresis.
		In some families where there is an especially large amount of chaos or overstrict punishment, the feces may even be deposited in places designed to cause anger or irritation, and may even be smeared on furniture or walls.
	www.healthcoachmd.com /handouts/encopresis.html (1181 words)

	Soiling (Encopresis)
		Although encopresis is estimated to affect 1% to 2% of children under the age of 10, problems with encopresis and constipation account for more than 25% of all visits to pediatric gastroenterologists (doctors who specialize in disorders of the stomach and intestines).
		Ninety percent of encopresis cases are due to functional constipation - that is, constipation that has no medical cause.
		Up to 20% of children with encopresis experience feelings of low self-esteem that require the intervention of a psychologist or counselor.
	www.kidshealth.org /parent/general/sick/encopresis.html (365 words)

	Encopresis, soiling, encopresis treatment, chronic constipation, child constipation
		To help parents through their difficult trials there are well-meaning encopresis and enuresis lists with parents endlessly encouraging one another to stay the course on oral laxatives, diets, and endless toileting attempts.
		You may form an impression that the doctors for encopresis are primarily concerned with an enlarged colon or "megacolon".
		For most cases of encopresis he has overlearned and is reflexively fighting his pooping urges, causing a back-up, enlarged colon, constipation and medical complications with no insight that you or anyone can transfer to him by disciplinary, purely medical, or rational means.
	www.soilingsolutions.com (1294 words)

	Childhood Encopresis: Causes and Treatment
		For example, a child?s encopresis may anger a parent, who reacts in a critical or hostile manner, whereby the child punishes his or her parents for their anger by soiling again.
		The psychologist was able to determine that the encopresis was due to feelings of traumatization and rejection by his biological parents.
		Encopresis is a serious disorder that have various medical and emotional causes.
	www.locateadoc.com /Patient_Resources/Psychologists/childhood.cfm (1082 words)

	Your Child \| Encopresis (Constipation and Soiling)
		Encopresis is overflow soiling that happens because of constipation.
		In children with encopresis, formed, soft, or liquid poop leaks from the anus around a mass of poop that is stuck in the lower bowel.
		(Also available in Spanish.) The handout covers all the basics of encopresis, including how common it is, what causes it, and how to treat it with medicines, behavior modification, and diet (with a list of common foods and their fiber contents).
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/yourchild/encopre.htm (1194 words)

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