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	Encrypting File System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Files and folders that are to be encrypted by the file system must be marked with an encryption attribute.
		EFS works by encrypting a file with a bulk symmetric key (also known as the File Encryption Key, or FEK), which is used because it takes a relatively smaller amount of time to encrypt and decrypt large amounts of data than if an asymmetric key cipher is used.
		The symmetric key that is used to encrypt the file is then encrypted with a public key that is associated with the user who encrypted the file, and this encrypted data is stored in the header of the encrypted file.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/EFS (1100 words)

	Best practices for the Encrypting File System
		Encrypting files consistently at the folder level makes sure that files are not unexpectedly decrypted.
		Although you can encrypt files individually, generally it is a good idea to designate a specific folder where you will store your encrypted files, and to encrypt that folder.
		Files are encrypted through the use of algorithms that essentially rearrange, scramble, and encode the data.
	support.microsoft.com /?kbid=223316 (1636 words)

	Best Practices for Encrypting File System
		Windows 2000 includes the ability to encrypt data directly on volumes that use the NTFS file system so that the data cannot be used by any other user.
		Files and folders can be encrypted by setting an attribute in the object's Properties dialog box.
		Encrypting files consistently at the folder level will ensure that files do not get decrypted unexpectedly.
	www.dabcc.com /win2k/docs/best_practices_for_encrypting_fi.htm (506 words)

	70-270 Windows XP TechNotes: Encrypting File System (EFS)
		When a user opens an encrypted file, the user’s private key will be used to decrypt the list with symmetric keys, which in turn are used to decrypt the file.
		Encrypted files stored on backup media will remain encrypted, but will have to be restored to an NTFS volume to be decrypted and accessed.
		Encrypting files from may leave parts of the unencrypted data on the disk.
	www.techexams.net /technotes/xp/efs.shtml (923 words)

	Guide: Windows XP Pro: Using File Encryption — part 1
		EFS allows you to encrypt individual files or folders on a computer using the NTFS file system.
		Files stay encrypted unless you decrypt them, or move them to an unencrypted folder.
		If you’re encrypting a folder, Windows XP will enquire whether you want to encrypt all the files and subfolders in that folder, or only the folder itself.
	www.practicalpc.co.uk /computing/windows/xpencrypt1.htm (721 words)

	Windows 2000 EFS Resources from LabMice.net
		The best practice for using encryption is to first encrypt the folder, and then move the files you wish to protect into that folder.
		The Encrypting File System (EFS) that is included with the Windows© 2000 operating system provides the core file encryption technology to store NTFS files encrypted on disk.
		This article describes how to cause encrypted files that are copied to a particular Windows 2000-based computer to be stored on that computer in an unencrypted state.
	labmice.techtarget.com /windows2000/FileMgmt/EFS.htm (2796 words)

	SecuriTeam™ - Issues with Windows 2000 Encrypting File System and Disk Wipe Software
		When files which were previously in plain text are encrypted using EFS, either by encrypting the file or the directory the file is in, or by moving the file into a directory with EFS applied, a plain-text (as distinct from cipher-text) copy of the file is made on the disk.
		In terms of the file fragments, this is simply a reflection of the standard operation of most operating systems where "deleted" files are not actually overwritten, but simply de-allocated.
		Depending on the usage of the system, this presents the possibility that the plain text copy and plain text fragments of the original file would persist on the system's disk until the system has a need for the space and overwrites the data contained there.
	www.securiteam.com /windowsntfocus/5TP0L1P4KS.html (720 words)

	SecuriTeam™ - Default SYSKEY configuration compromises encrypting file system
		The Encrypting File System (EFS) permits files and folders on a user's system to be secured against unauthorized access, by providing on-disk data encryption using public key cryptography.
		EFS permits files and folders on a system to be secured against unauthorized access by providing on disk data encryption using public key cryptography.
		Encrypting data raises the issue of data recovery should an employee who has encrypted some sensitive data leave, or their encryption keys be lost.
	www.securiteam.com /windowsntfocus/5FP0B0U1FW.html (1080 words)

	MC MCSE: Understanding Compression and the Encrypting File System
		A file or folder cannot be both encrypted and compressed at the same time under Windows 2000 or XP Professional natively by the operating system itself.
		Moving a file or folder from one NTFS volume to another causes the file or folder to inherit the compression state of the target folder.
		When copying or moving a file or folder from one NTFS volume to another an encrypted file will not inherit the encryption state of the target folder when that folder is unencrypted.
	www.mcmcse.com /windows_xp/guides/compression.shtml (2640 words)

	Working with the encrypting file system
		Second, you can't encrypt some types of files--for example, you won't be able to encrypt system files or compressed files.
		For starters, when you encrypt files, the encryption is done with a combination of your public and private keys.
		If you transfer the encrypted files to another computer, you must also export a copy of your security keys to that computer or you won't be able to use the files.
	www.enterprisenetworkingplanet.com /netsecur/article.php/624201 (1135 words)

	What is EFS? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		EFS is a transparent public key encryption technology that works in conjunction with NTFS permissions to grant and deny users access to files and folders in Windows NT (excluding NT4), 2000 and XP (excluding XP Home Edition) operating systems.
		Files can be encrypted individually, or a folder can be designated as encrypted, so that any file written to that folder is automatically encrypted.
		EFS is not available in Windows versions 95, 98 or Me as these operating systems use the FAT16 and FAT32 file systems.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/E/EFS.html (277 words)

	Windows 2000 EFS (Encrypting File System)
		Windows 2000 provides for the ability to encrypt files and folders on disk in a fashion, which is transparent to the application.
		A file encrypted using EFS can be accessed only by a person who has the private key (generally the file owner), or a "recovery agent", which defaults to being the (domain) Administrator account.
		Files are encrypted in such a way that all recovery agents that exist at the time the file was created can decrypt the files.
	www2.slac.stanford.edu /comp/winnt/faq/ntfs/efs1.htm (544 words)

	2000Trainers.com: Tutorial: Windows 2000: Windows 2000 Encrypting File System (EFS)
		Instead, every file is encrypted with a unique key, called a FEK (file encryption key), and this FEK is stored in the header of the encrypted file, in a field called the Data Decryption Field (DDF).
		For a recovery agent to decrypt the file, the private key of the agent is used to decrypt the FEK, which in turn decrypts the file.
		Otherwise, files encrypted by a user on a given machine can only be opened on that machine, since their key-pair is stored as part of their local profile.
	www.2000trainers.com /article.aspx?articleID=200&page=1 (1350 words)

	Third-party certification authority support for encrypting file system
		The symmetric encrypting key is then encrypted by using the public key derived from your EFS certificate.
		During file encryption, the symmetric encrypting key is also encrypted to the recovery agent's public key, and the information is stored in the named stream containing EFS metadata.
		To recover an encrypted file, EFS uses the recovery agent's private key to decrypt the symmetric encrypting key, which EFS then uses to decrypt the data.
	support.microsoft.com /?kbid=273856 (1470 words)

	Inside Encrypting File System, Part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The first time you encrypt a file, EFS assigns your account one public key and private key pair for use in file encryption.
		When you encrypt a file, EFS generates a random number for the file that EFS calls the file's file encryption key (FEK).
		Encrypting a file's FEK for individual users who access the file lets multiple users share an encrypted file.
	www.windowsitpro.com /Articles/Index.cfm?ArticleID=5387&Key=Internals (1813 words)

	NTFS.com EFS Encrypting File System. Encrypted Files. NTFS5.
		Encryption is transparent to the user who encrypted the file; the system automatically decrypts the file or folder when the user accesses.
		Users who are not authorized to access the encrypted files or folders transparently receive an “Access denied” message if they try to open, copy, move, or rename the encrypted file or folder.
		The exact message text may vary depending on application which tries to access the file, because it is related not to user rights for file but to ability of EFS to decrypt file using user's private key.
	www.ntfs.com /ntfs-encrypted.htm (314 words)

	Encrypting File System
		Each encrypted file will have its own bulk encryption key (EFS will use Data Encryption Standard), which EFS will then encrypt with the public half of the owning user's public key pair and store with the encrypted file.
		EFS will use the public half to encrypt the file's bulk encryption key and store that separately encrypted version of the key with the file, along with the key encrypted with the owner's public key.
		Thus, administrators should be sure to configure applications to store temporary files in a specific directory, and then to specify that the operating system should encrypt the contents of that directory.
	www.softheap.com /internet/encrypting-file-system.html (435 words)

	Define Encrypting File System - a definition from Whatis.com - see also: EFS
		The Encrypting File System (EFS) is a feature of the Windows 2000 operating system that lets any file or folder be stored in encrypted form and decrypted only by an individual user and an authorized recovery agent.
		EFS is especially useful for mobile computer users, whose computer (and files) are subject to physical theft, and for storing highly sensitive data.
		Although an encrypting file system has existed in or been an add-on to other operating systems, its inclusion in Windows 2000 is expected to bring the idea to a larger audience.
	searchsecurity.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci214384,00.html (211 words)

	Inside Encrypting File System, Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Because the file is marked as encrypted, at this point in the file-writing process, NTFS calls EFS to encrypt the data before NTFS writes the data to disk.
		After EFS encrypts the file, EncryptFileSrv records in the log file that the encryption was successful and deletes the file's backup copy.
		After EFS processes log files, the file system will be in a consistent state with respect to encryption, with no loss of user data.
	www.windowsitpro.com /Articles/Index.cfm?ArticleID=5592 (2663 words)

	Evaluating Windows XP Professional's Encrypting File System > How EFS and NTFS Work Together (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Encrypting File System just announced for the first time in Windows XP Professional shows promise as a technology for keeping encrypted files from being accessed despite other operating systems being installed on secured workstations.
		Using the NTFS file system as its foundation, the Encrypting File System (EFS) is a key-based authentication protocol that uses public keys for enabling matches to unlock files.
		What's also interesting about EFS is that you can encrypt from a file directory down in the hierarchy, which is convenient if you organize confidential data in a specific series of locations on your systems' disk.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=23946&seqNum=7 (529 words)

	Home : Windows : File System
		This setting will rearrange files on the hard drive when the computer is idle thus improving the performance of the system.
		This tweak determines whether the system performs a full or quick synchronization of offline files when the user logs off, and prevents users, including administrators, from changing the setting.
		When a file or folder is deleted in Windows Explorer, a copy of the file or folder is placed in the Recycle Bin.
	www.winguides.com /registry/category.php/12 (575 words)

	Key Management in an Encrypting File System - Blaze (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: As distributed computing systems grow in size, complexity and variety of application, the problem of protecting sensitive data from unauthorized disclosure and tampering becomes increasingly important.
		Cryptographic techniques can play an important role in protecting communication links and file data, since access to data can be limited to those who hold the proper key.Inthe case of file data, however,the routine use of encryption facilities often places the organizational requirements of...
		Blaze, "Key Management in an Encrypting File System," Proceedings of the 1994 USENIX Summer Tech.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /215339.html (287 words)

	Free file encryption with EFS tutorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		However, this also means that YOU have to backup your KEY carefully, otherwise you can no longer access your data after a Windows reinstallation or if the key files become corrupted.
		We are not aware of any method to "crack" or "hack" EFS in a reasonable time.
		Among other topics, this paper also describes the necessary steps to export and import your private key (.pfx file) using the MMC with the Certificates snap-in.
	www.iopus.com /guides/efs.htm (383 words)

	Exchange 2000 Security > What Are the Risks? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Recent high-profile virus attacks that targeted and disabled e-mail systems have turned the spotlight on the importance of sound e-mail security.
		In addition, messaging systems transfer and store sensitive information, and it is often the responsibility of the system administrators to ensure the integrity of that information.
		We focus much attention on protecting our systems from external intruders, but it is actually more common for a breach in security to occur from a user within the organization.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=23678&seqNum=8 (341 words)

	Stage - Encrypting File System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Company Confidential Inforamation stored on a laptop's hard drive must be encrypted using Microsoft Encrypting File System.
		due to reinstalls, result in loss of information because encrypted files can no longer be decrypted.
		The assignment provides an accessible description of what EFS is and contains a motivated advise on what recovery procedure to choose.
	www.win.tue.nl /~ecss/internships/rpeters.html (78 words)

	Kernel-Level Implementation Of An Encrypting File System - Dewey (ResearchIndex)
		Kernel-Level Implementation Of An Encrypting File System (1996)
		Data encryption is the most powerful tool available to protect information.
		A modification to the Linux operating system kernel has been developed that allows the transparent encryption and decryption of an entire block device, providing a high degree of security at a low performance and inconvenience cost to the user.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /337021.html (307 words)

	Software (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		CFS is an encrypting file system for Unix-like OSs.
		Blaze, "Key Management in an Encrypting File System." USENIX Summer 1994 Technical Conference, Boston, MA, June 1994.
		"A Cryptographic File System for Unix." Proceedings of the First ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, Fairfax, VA, November 1993.
	www.crypto.com /software (188 words)

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