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History of Esperanto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In contrast, Zamenhof declared that "Esperanto belongs to the Esperantists", and moved to the background once the language was published, allowing others to share in the early development of the language. Esperanto never fragmented into regional dialects through natural language use, largely because it's the language of daily communication for only a small minority of its speakers. Esperanto is credited with being either the foundation or the inspiration for several later competing language projects, such as the Romance-based Occidental and Interlingua, but these always lagged far behind Esperanto, and even Ido, in their popularity. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Esperanto_history   (2748 words)

Encyclopedia topic: Esperanto   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10) Esperanto was developed in the late 1870s (The decade from 1870 to 1879) and early 1880s (The decade from 1880 to 1889) by L. Esperanto has 27 segmental phoneme ((linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language) s, 22 consonants and 5 vowels. Esperanto is primarily agglutinative (additional info and facts about agglutinative) (Wells 1989 calculates an index of agglutinativity of 0.9999, higher than any non-constructed language), with all grammatical function suffixes appearing at the ends of words, and a mix of prefixes and suffixes with lexical meanings. www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/E/Es/Esperanto.htm   (3309 words)

Ido - the free encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10) Esperanto's alphabet uses six non-Latin letters, three of which are not foundin any other existing language; as a result, Esperanto in typing and in internet e-mail and newsgroups frequently resorts to anyof several schemes to represent these special letters. Esperanto requires the use of the -n ending to signify the use of the accusative case. Ido, unlike Esperanto, does not assume the masculine gender asthe default for family relationship words, and thus does not, for example, derive the word for "sister" by adding a femininesuffix to the word for "brother", as standard Esperanto does. www.encyclopedia-of-knowledge.com /?t=Ido   (1521 words)

Esperanto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Esperanto is part of the state educational curriculum of several countries, but is not an official language of any. Esperanto is particularly prevalent in the northern and eastern countries of Europe; in China, Korea, Japan, and Iran within Asia; in Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico in the Americas; and in Togo and Madagascar in Africa. An estimate of the number of Esperanto speakers was made by Sidney S. Culbert, a retired psychology professor of the University of Washington and a longtime Esperantist, who tracked down and tested Esperanto speakers in sample areas of dozens of countries over a period of twenty years. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Esperanto   (3490 words)

Esperanto Esperanto is a constructed language, created by Doctor Ludovic Lazarus (Ludwik Lejzer) Zamenhof in 1887 as a result of the ten years work. Esperanto is intended to serve as a universal international language, the second language (after the parents' language) of every educated person. Esperanto has a regular grammar (sixteen rules without exceptions), phonetic alphabet (meaning that all words are pronounced as in written and vice versa), and very logical structure (the same words' ending for the same parts of speech, e.g. www.geocities.com /Oleg326756/GNUPedia/Esperanto.html   (294 words)

Encyclopedia - Simple English Wikipedia People have made encyclopedias for hundreds of years, but the name "encyclopedia" is from the 16th century. There are also some encyclopedias that have lots of topics with one point of view or one cultural bias. There are two main ways of organizing encyclopedias: from A to Z (the alphabetical way) or by categories. simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/Encyclopedia   (256 words)

Encyclopedia Encyclopedias can be general, containing articles on topics in many different fields (the English-language Encyclopædia Britannica and German Brockhaus are well-known examples), or they can specialize in a particular field (such as an encyclopedia of medicine, philosophy, or law). Encyclopedias are essentially derivative from what has gone before, and particularly in the 19th century, piracy was common among encyclopedia editors. The encyclopedia's hierarchical structure and evolving nature is particularly adaptable to a disk-based or on-line computer format, and all major printed encyclopedias had moved to this method of delivery by the end of the 20th century. www.cooldictionary.com /words/Encyclopedia.wikipedia   (3101 words)

ESPERANTO - LoveToKnow Article on ESPERANTO   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10) The use of -a to indicate adjectives and of -o to indicate nouns as in kara amiko, " dear (male) friend," is a source of confusion to those familiar with the Romance languages, and has proved a bar to the diffusion of Esperanto among the speakers of these languages. In summing up the merits and defects of Esperanto we must begin by admitting that it is the most reasonable and practical artificial language that has yet appeared. The Esperantists, warned by the fate of Volapuk, have adopted the wise policy of suppressing all internal disunion by submitting to the dictatorship of the inventor, and so presenting a united front to the enemy. 72.1911encyclopedia.org /E/ES/ESPERANTO.htm   (1241 words)

Encyclopedia article: Esperanto culture   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10) The language Esperanto (An artificial language based as far as possible on words common to all the European languages) is often used to access an international culture (A particular society at a particular time and place). Every year, hundreds of new titles are published in Esperanto along with music (An artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner). Esperanto culture has a special word, krokodili ("to crocodile", coming from the fact that crocodiles have a small brain and a big mouth), to describe what is considered the inappropriate use of national languages at Esperanto meetings. www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/es/esperanto_culture.htm   (539 words)

Esperanto on Encyclopedia.com   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10) Esperanto aiming to find more speakers in 21st century Advocates of Esperanto continue to lobby for their lingua franca.(includes related article on the history of Esperanto) The hope of Esperanto; a made-up tongue celebrates its centenary. www.encyclopedia.com /html/E/Esperant.asp   (380 words)

Esperanto However, there are also speakers, children of parents who use Esperanto as a family language, for whom it is a native language or mother tongue, normally in a bilingual or trilingual relationship with the language of the local community or other parental language(s). The traditional aim of the Esperanto movement is the adoption of Esperanto as L2 for all mankind. Serious critics, however, argue first that Esperanto is a language without culture (although supporters of Esperanto would dispute this, pointing to a hundred years’ literary activity, including a substantial body of original poetry); and second, that it is too European (though all alternative solutions to the question of an international language are even more so). www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/wells/esperanto-encyc.htm   (955 words)

Jordan: Note on Esperanto Esperanto is an attractive object of interest for the body of literature that has been created in it and for the cross-cultural contacts that can be made through it. Esperanto is obviously interesting as a linguistic object, although professional linguistics at the moment is much concerned about "native-speaker intuitions" and therefore pays little attention to a language used virtually exclusively by non-native speakers (or, for that matter, to ancient languages). Designed as a universally accessible means of communication, Esperanto is one of the great functional projects for the emancipation of humankind -- one which aims to let every individual citizen participate fully in the human community, securely rooted in his or her local cultural and language identity yet not limited by it. weber.ucsd.edu /~dkjordan/es/esperant.html   (2779 words)

Esperanto --  Encyclopædia Britannica The language is a reworking of Esperanto (q.v.), intended by its originator to improve upon what he considered weak... The best-known attempt at creating a universal language is Esperanto, a word that means “hopeful.” It is an artificial language constructed by Ludwik L. Zamenhof, a Russian physician and oculist. Esperanto, for example, has been proposed as a world language, though it is primarily designed for speakers of European languages, especially the Romance... www.britannica.com /eb/article-9033024   (729 words)

Wikinfo | Esperanto Esperanto (eo and epo in ISO 639) is the most widely spoken of the constructed languages. Esperanto has proven to be a good deal easier for speakers of European languages to learn as a second language than any national language (especially highly irregular and/or non-phonetic languages such as English, French, and Chinese). There is also evidence that studying Esperanto before studying any other second language (especially an Indo-European language) speeds and improves learning, because learning subsequent foreign languages is easier than learning one's first, while the use of a grammatically simple auxiliary language lessens the "first foreign language" learning hurdle. www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Esperanto   (743 words)

Esperanto grammar Esperanto is an agglutinative language which has no grammatical genders and limited, regular verb conjugation. Esperanto has a relatively regular grammar, phonetic alphabet (meaning that all words are pronounced as in written and vice versa), and very logical structure (the same words' ending for the same parts of speech, e.g. All these features make Esperanto easier to learn than most of the world's languages, even for non-Europeans, though particular features may be more or less advantageous to native speakers of particular languages. www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/es/Esperanto_grammar.html   (474 words)

Esperanto Studies: An Overview The Esperanto scholar is thus increasingly required to be familiar with a broad intellectual tradition which draws insights from pure and applied linguistics, psychology, sociology and many other fields. Esperanto was a product of a particular moment in the intellectual history of northeastern Europe, a product also of a particular moment in the development of liberal Jewish thought in that region (Maimon 1978; Gold 1987). Although Esperanto cannot claim to have attained mainstream status in East and Central European universities, research on the language, particularly among younger academics, became relatively widespread in the 1970s and 1980s. esperantic.org /ced/espstu.htm   (3333 words)

Esperanto and Education: A Brief Overview Esperanto uses a modified Latin alphabet of 28 letters; its phonology is similar to that of Italian or Croatian. For many language teachers, Esperanto is especially valuable in helping to establish contact with people of very diverse backgrounds, in contrast to the association of other foreign languages with one or two national cultures. Esperanto has been criticized on a number of grounds, although usually on the basis of a priori arguments rather than empirical studies. esperantic.org /ced/encyclo.htm   (2018 words)

The Straight Dope Mailbag: The Straight Dope Mailbag: Why are some shortwave radio broadcasts in Esperanto? Some folks met their spouses at Esperanto conventions and thus use the Internacia Lingvo en la domo por paroli con la gefiloj ("the International Language at home for palavering with the offspring"). Doktor E. (or Dr. Z., take your pick) was born in December of 1859 in Byelostok and pursued general medical studies in Warsaw and Moscow, receiving an MD in 1884. He considered using Yiddish as the universal language, apparently because it was already used by a group of folks with whom he was familiar (he was Jewish) and was already used internationally by said folks. www.straightdope.com /mailbag/mesperanto.html   (975 words)

learn_languages: Esperanto culture lesson My personal favorite use of Esperanto is the Pasporta Servo which is a service where Esperanto speakers around the world (over 1200 homes in over 80 countries) sign up to house travellers who speak Esperanto. There are many originals and translations in Esperanto with novels, cultural books, travel books, poetry, etc. The Universala Esperanto-Asocio has over 4000 books in their catalog. There is also an Esperanto encyclopedia project underway on the Internet which currently has over 2250 articles, called the Vikipedio. www.livejournal.com /talkread.bml?journal=learn_languages&itemid=16480   (847 words)

Russ's Esperanto Links   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10) I started studying Esperanto on 2003-04-11 after I studied Lojban (which is harder and doesn't have many speakers) for just 4 days... Institute of Esperanto has lots of sound files of its sample text; also note the unfortunately hard-to-see red links to vocabulary and exercises at the bottom each lesson page. vortaro.org estas pli bona vortaro kun plia informo kaj ekzemploj, en Esperanto. russcon.org /esperanto/links.html   (1810 words)

Esperanto - Unipedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10) There is experimental evidence that studying Esperanto before another foreign language improves one's ability to learn that language, so much so that it takes less time to learn both than it would to learn just the second. Esperanto is the working language of several non-profit international organizations such as the Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda, but most others are specifically Esperanto organizations. Though Esperanto itself has changed relatively little since the publication of the Fundamento, a number of reform projects have been proposed over the years, starting with Ido in 1907. www.unipedia.info /Esperanto.html   (3041 words)

Esperanto Literature Part Two Confronted with irrefutable evidence that thousands of people were learning Esperanto and dozens were using it to either translate works from their national literature or write original pieces themselves, Zamenhof knew that he had two tasks of great importance to accomplish. Marta was translated from Esperanto into both Chinese and Japanese, the first (but not the last) time that Esperanto was used as a "bridge language" between two national languages. It's interesting to note that Esperanto was not mentioned among the languages one of her works was translated to, not th... www.suite101.com /article.cfm/esperanto/10479   (578 words)

Posxto.com  - Esperanto-Posxto Esperanto Multilanguage Center - A great source for Esperanto that is written in 42 languages. Free Esperanto Course - A ten lesson course with a basic vocab intro; is graded by Esperantists for free. The Esperanto League of North America - a national non-profit educational association of Esperantists and supporters of Esperanto in the United States who have a common interest in using and promoting Esperanto as an answer to the world language problem. www.posxto.com   (472 words)

[No title] "Esperanto" is from the same root--it means "A person who hopes"--it was the pseudonym of Dr. Zamenhof, who created the language. A large Esperanto flag is draped across the rear of the stage. Esperanto really has expanded farther than any other experimental language, and taken on a life of its own. www.vic.com /~dbd/kibology/esperanto.tanner   (1520 words)

Esperanto por voja^gantoj (English) Foreign Languages Esperanto can be achieved in a reasonably short period of time, thanks to its extremely regular and very easy to learn grammar. Esperanto aims to promote and protect linguistic cultural diversity, and to provide a low-cost high-quality trans-Babel communication medium by acting as the dialect-free international auxiliary language. Suggestions or corrections for Esperanto for Travellers should be directed (in Esperanto please) to Aaron via his home page. www.travlang.com /languages/cgi-bin/langchoice.cgi?page=main&lang1=english&lang2=esperanto   (300 words)

Esperanto - Encyclopedia Dramatica It was created as a nationalist language for Easter Island, due to the fact that the previous dialect, Easteringer, was absorbed into the sand after a terrible monsoon, resulting in the formation of several hundred gigantic stone Voraphile niggers. FACT: William Shatner starred in the only feature film ever performed entirely in Esperanto. http://www.lernu.com Actually, there are at least three speakers of Esperanto in the world. www.encyclopediadramatica.com /index.php/Esperanto   (96 words)

Reference.com/Encyclopedia/H-circumflex "Ĥ", or "ĥ", is a consonant in the Esperanto alphabet. In the case of the minuscule, some fonts place the circumflex over the mast of the h; others over the n-like part, beside the mast; and others, centred above the entire letter. Today few words are still commonly used in the Esperanto language with the "ĥ" letter (ĥolero, ĥoro, etc.). www.reference.com /browse/wiki/H-circumflex   (110 words)

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