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Topic: Endangered language

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Language revival

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List of endangered languages

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	yourDictionary.com • Endangered Language Initiative• What is an Endangered Language?
		It is a language spoken by a minority of people in the nation and for that reason is held in low esteem, causing its speakers to avoid using it or passing it on to their children.
		Because it is not useful in the society, perhaps even a social liability, an endangered language is not passed on by parents to their children.
		Language is the most efficient means of transmitting a culture, and it is the owners of that culture that lose the most when a language dies.
	www.yourdictionary.com /elr/whatis.html (951 words)

	Endangered Language
		Endangered languages are languages that are on the brink of extinction, much like endangered species of plants or animals.
		For languages that can't be saved, it is still possible to document them for scientific purposes and for the sake of future generations who might want to study or even revive them.
		And the wholesale loss of languages that we face today will greatly restrict how much we can learn about human cognition, the nature of language, and language acquisition at a time when we are just beginning to understand these areas.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/november/endangered.html (873 words)

	Wrestling With Oblivion: Endangered Languages
		Languages are invaluable cultural storehouses, encoding and preserving the entire world view of a people.
		Others appeal to political efficacy or old-fashioned bigotry, asserting that endangerment is proof of a language's "inferiority" (or the "superiority" of competitors.) But as linguist Michael Krauss points out, the benefits of preserving and promoting languages far outweigh the minor inconveniences that such policies imply.
		As to the position that language succession is natural, today's spectacular, unheard-of rate of extinction suggests that markedly unnatural mechanisms are afoot.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/world_languages/53162 (559 words)

	Language revival - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Language revival is the revival, by governments, political authorities, or enthusiasts, to recover the spoken use of a language that is no longer spoken or is endangered.
		Language death is the process by which a language ceases to be used by the people who formerly spoke it.
		In Europe, in the 19th and early 20th century, the use of both local and learned languages declined as the central governments of the different states imposed their vernacular language as the standard throughout education and official use (this was the case in France and Italy).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Language_revival (958 words)

	Language Policy -- Endangered Languages
		More often language death is the culmination of language shift, resulting from a complex of internal and external pressures that induce a speech community to adopt a language spoken by others.
		The languages at the lower end of the prestige scale retreat from ever increasing areas of their earlier functional domains, displaced by higher prestige languages, until there is nothing left for them to be appropriately used about.
		Congress recently passed the Native American Languages Acts of 1990 and 1992, laws that, respectively, articulate a government policy of protecting indigenous languages and authorize a grant program for that purpose.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/JWCRAWFORD/brj.htm (6029 words)

	P.O.V. - The Tailenders . On Endangered Languages (Peter Ladefoged) \| PBS
		Ladefoged: A language is endangered when it's no longer spoken in the home, in which case it rapidly fades away.
		Languages with under 1,000 speakers tend not to be spoken at home, simply because all those 1,000 or so people will speak other languages as well.
		Once a language is no longer the language of the home — in a literal sense, the mother's tongue — then the language is pretty well doomed, unless extraordinary things happen to save it.
	www.pbs.org /pov/pov2006/tailenders/special_languages.html (1473 words)

	[No title]
		Since language is the primary medium through which a society articulates its culture and history, and provides the cognitive structure through which its people apprehend their world, language death on this new scale has consequences that transcend all parochial boundaries.
		Language ideologies have a basic impact on language ecology, by altering the degree to which speaking populations strive to reinforce, expand, or abandon use of given languages, with an array of associated changes in the form and social life of the languages.
		Language ecology is both a transdisciplinary conceptual focus in which we seek to develop theory and method and an empirical focus in which we will produce description and analsysis of particular cases.
	blc.berkeley.edu /language_ecology_proposal.html (10352 words)

	Endangered language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some languages, such as those in Indonesia may have tens of thousands of speakers but be endangered because children are no longer learning them, and speakers are in the process of shifting to using the national language Indonesian (or a local Malay variety) in place of local languages.
		Language documentation is the process by which the language is documented in terms of its grammar, its lexicon, and its oral traditions (e.g.
		Language revitalization is the process by which a language community through political, community, and educational means attempts to increase the number of active speakers of the endangered language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endangered_language (1322 words)

	Language and Linguistics: Endangered Language
		Each endangered language embodies unique local knowledge of the cultures and natural systems in the region in which it is spoken.
		Those who primarily speak one of the world’s major languages may find it hard to understand what losing one’s language can mean--and may even feel that the world would be better off if everyone spoke the same language.
		In another kind of archiving, Joel Sherzer, Anthony Woodbury and Mark McFarland (University of Texas at Austin) are ensuring that Latin America's endangered languages are documented through The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America (AILLA).
	www.nsf.gov /news/special_reports/linguistics/endangered.jsp (772 words)

	E-MELD - Project Goals
		It is an isolating language, and the morphology is minimal, consisting only of a dual/plural distinction in personal pronouns, complex serial verb constructions, and a set of numeral classifiers.
		Mocoví is a Guaicuruan language from northern Argentina, with between 4000 and 7000 speakers.
		Monguor is a Southeastern Mongolic language spoken in the People's Republic of China in the Qinghai province (primarily Huzhu, Datong, Ledu, Minhe, and Tongren counties) and the Gansu province (primarily Tianzhu county, and also Dahejia county).
	emeld.org /goals/languages.cfm (1161 words)

	Resources for Endangered Languages (emphasis on Native American/First Nation/American Indian)
		Teaching Indigenous Languages focuses on "the linguistic, educational, social, and political issues related to the survival of the endangered indigenous languages of the world." The article " Some Basics of Indigenous Language Revitalization" is a good introduction.
		The Native American Languages Act of 1990 declares it a federal policy to "preserve, protect, and promote the rights and freedom of Native Americans to use, practice, and develop Native American languages", and provides about $2 million per year in funding.
		Endangered Language Fund "supports with small grants efforts by Native communities or scholars to do endangered language related work".
	www-swiss.ai.mit.edu /~rauch/languages.html (499 words)

	Language Log: Croatian an endangered language?
		Some of the native languages here in British Columbia are down to 20 speakers, or six or even one.
		Languages like Carrier are a lot closer to extinction than Basque, Croatian, or Kuranko, but there is reason for concern about these larger languages.
		In a world in which a small number of major languages with English at their head increasingly dominate the media, entertainment, business, and academia, there are fewer and fewer domains in which smaller languages are used and more and more pressure to shift to one of the major languages.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/003046.html (174 words)

	Documenting Endangered Languages (DEL) nsf05590
		These languages are among the few sources of evidence for filling in the record of the human past.
		Documenting Endangered Languages is a joint, multi-year funding program of the National Science Foundation and the National Endowment for the Humanities to develop and advance scientific and scholarly knowledge concerning endangered human languages.
		Documentation is a key complement to language revitalization efforts, but DEL does not support other aspects of projects to revive or expand the actual use of endangered languages.
	www.nsf.gov /pubs/2005/nsf05590/nsf05590.htm (5189 words)

	The Cornell Conference on Language and Poverty
		Alongside a grammatical description of the language with glossed texts and a detailed lexicon, Turin has compiled a trilingual glossary in a modified Nagari script for the community in Nepal and is writing a monograph on language endangerment and linguistic policy in the Himalayas.
		From 1983 to 1997 she was Principal Researcher in Language and Cultural Studies at Sealaska Heritage Foundation in Juneau.
		Internationally she acts as a consultant on endangered language documentation and multimedia annotation and archiving (International Metadata Initiative (IMDI), 2000; UNESCO Ad hoc Endangered Language Committee Co-chair, 2001-2002; Electronic Metastructures in Endangered Language Data (EMELD), 2001-present).
	ling.cornell.edu /language_and_poverty/workshops.html (1951 words)

	Endangered Language Resources
		Aboriginal Language Resurrected in South Australia – Transcript of a report from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
		Minority and endangered languages of the world a course taught by Jeff Matthews at the University of Maryland in Europe
		Languages of the World course at the University of Oregon on a variety of languages with a good set of
	www-personal.umich.edu /~duanmu/ling211/endangered.htm (368 words)

	Endangered Language Recordings for NPR Science Friday - 8 March 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		One of the most complex tone languages ever studied, which has defied full analysis despite 30 years of scholarship.
		Click on the IPA transcription to hear the audio, and the tone transcription to hear the larynx recording (made with a laryngograph).
		An undocumented and critically endangered language spoken by 300 people in Ivory Coast, West Africa, collected by Dafydd Gibbon.
	www.ldc.upenn.edu /sb/ScienceFriday (234 words)

	Ega Endangered Language Documentation
		The archive is made available in the interests of the Ega community, the cause of workable and efficient endangered language documentation, and the advancement of scholarship in this field.
		The focus is on Ega, an endangered language isolate so far assigned to the Kwa family and surrounded by a language of the Kru family (Dida), in the Ivory Coast, West Africa.
		The scientific interest in Ega, in addition to intrinsic interest in cooperating with partners in an endangered language community, concerns the linguistic richness of the Ega language including marked traces of historically old Niger-Congo features, and sociolinguistic reasons for the rapid decline in number of speakers.
	www.spectrum.uni-bielefeld.de /LangDoc/EGA (1204 words)

	Endangered Language
		It is on a par with Sorbian, a Slavic language spoken in
		language, and would like to see it used as a yardstick.
		The language movement is a central aspect of the
	hometown.aol.com /cngaeilge/scotsdanger.htm (2023 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages. Home
		to raise awareness of endangered languages, both inside and outside the communities where they are spoken, through all channels and media;
		to support the use of endangered languages in all contexts: at home, in education, in the media, and in social, cultural and economic life;
		to collect together and make available information of use in the preservation of endangered languages; to disseminate information on all of the above activities as widely as possible.
	www.ogmios.org (352 words)

	Endangered Languages › › Home
		This site is here to assist in the protection and preservation of endangered languages but not as a seperate matter from protecting the people who speak them.
		This site is also here to address the issue of funding for endangered languages and forms of censorship or other events that are endangering these languages.
		Producing manuscripts has to be the greatest success of work in the Akha languages.
	www.endangeredlanguages.org (180 words)

	Endangered languages home
		Does "endangered" mean "doomed?" SIL is concerned for languages, the people who speak them, and the cultures they express.
		SIL makes concerted efforts to survey languages, evaluate their vitality, facilitate language development, and where possible, prevent loss of language and culture.
		The danger of languages dying out is real, but SIL believes every language and culture is part of the mosaic of humanity.
	www.sil.org /sociolx/ndg-lg-home.html (121 words)

	Indigenous Language Links
		Dictionaries for endangered languages of North America University of Arizona
		Endangered Language Fund Gives small grants for EL work
		Endangered Language Groups Gloria Kindell, Summer Institute of Linguistics
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jar/links.html (432 words)

	LINGUIST List 17.361: Endangered Language Fund: Request for Proposals
		The language involved must be in danger of disappearing within a
		Endangerment is a continuum, and the location on the
		Endangered Language Fund with a short formal report of the project and to
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/17/17-361.html (525 words)

	yourDictionary.com • Endangered Languages
		This section of yourDictionary.com will highlight world-wide efforts to slow the loss of endangered languages on planet Earth.
		We offer two examples of unusual Khoisan languages with clicks in their sound system that are no more, vanished from the earth forever.
		Finally, we will provide you with a list of the various foundations around the world that are trying to stem the tide of language loss and offer you an opportunity to help.
	www.yourdictionary.com /elr/index.html (155 words)

	HRELP - Endangered Languages resources
		Reversing Language Shift: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Assistance to Threatened Languages.
		There are numerous websites where you can find out more about endangered languages:
		Linguistic Society of America / Committee on Endangered Languages & Their Preservation
	www.hrelp.org /languages/resources (115 words)

	Endangered languages in Europe: report
		Remarks: There are people living in the Isle of Man who have studied Manx as a foreign language, but who wish to be called speakers of Manx.
		Remarks: five Turkic languages are known to have been spoken in Crimea, viz Crimean Tatar, Krimchak, Karaim, Nogai, and Turkish; two of them, Crimean Tatar and Nogai, are also spoken in Dobruja; a lot of confusion exists in general literature
		There are also secret or in-group languages of nomadic groups like Polari and Shelta (Cant) in the British Isles, Quinqui in Spain, and Yeniche in central Europe.
	www.helsinki.fi /~tasalmin/europe_report.html (9417 words)

	Endangered Language Fund (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Of the more than 6,000 languages currently being spoken,
		When a language is gone, we can only awaken it from materials we have collected from the last speakers.
		Workshop Report, Ethics of Language on the Web
	sapir.ling.yale.edu /~elf (82 words)

	Endangered Language Fund (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Some ways you can learn more about an endangered language
		Below is a very incomplete list of endangered languages and information on how and where they may be studied, where recordings may be obtained, etc.
		(more information on some of these and other languages can be found at the University of Minnesota Less Commonly Taught Languages page).
	sapir.ling.yale.edu /~elf/study.html (353 words)

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