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Topic: Endemic (ecology)

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	Endemic (ecology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In biology and ecology endemic means exclusively native to a place or biota, in contrast to cosmopolitan or introduced.
		However, it is also differentiated from indigenous: a species that is endemic is unique to that place or region, found naturally nowhere else, whereas a species that is indigenous may be native to other locations as well.
		Islands are especially likely to develop endemic forms because of their geographical isolation; remote island groups, such as Hawaii and the Galápagos Islands, have large numbers of endemic species.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endemic_(ecology) (229 words)

	Endemic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Endemic, in a broad sense, can mean "belonging" or "native to", "characteristic of", or "prevalent in" a particular geography, race, field, area, or environment; native to an area or scope.
		endemic (ecology): an organism being "endemic" means exclusively native to a place or biota
		endemic (epidemiology), an infection is said to be "endemic" in a population when that infection is maintained in the population without the need for external inputs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Endemic (160 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Infectious Diseases in an Age of Change: The Impact of Human Ecology and Behavior on Disease ...
		Climate, crowding, and hygiene profoundly influence the epidemiology of the nonvenereal treponematoses of childhood (yaws, pinta, and endemic syphilis).
		Endemic syphilis was eradicated in Bosnia, and pinta disappeared in Latin America.
		The influence of geography, crowding, and hygiene on transmission of the endemic treponematoses, chlamydia, and chancroid somewhat presages current concepts of the social and spatial concentrations of STD, and the spread of these infections along social networks and spatial contiguity or transportation links (41-44).
	www.nap.edu /books/0309051363/html/198.html (766 words)

	Conservation Ecology: The Relations Among Threatened Species, Their Protection, and Taboos
		Both endemic and keystone species that are important for ecosystem functions are avoided by specific-species taboos.
		Among the 21 threatened species, four are endemic, i.e., confined to a very small range or to one particular region, not occurring naturally elsewhere (Primack 1993).
		Other endemic populations of threatened species avoided include the southern pocket gopher Thomomys umbrinus emotus (no. 45), endemic to New Mexico, United States; the San Quintin kangaroo rat Dipodomys gravipes(no. 48), only found in Mexico; and the houserock chiseltoothed kangaroo rat Dipodomys microps leucotis (no. 49), which is restricted to Arizona, United States (Groombridge 1993).
	www.ecologyandsociety.org /vol1/iss1/art6/main.frames.html (5701 words)

	Endemic - TheBestLinks.com - Alien, Africa, AIDS, Ecology, ...
		For instance, AIDS is said to be endemic in Africa.
		In ecology, an organism being "endemic" means exclusively native to a place or biota.
		In epidemiology, an infection is said to be "endemic" in a population when that infection is maintained in the population without the need for external inputs.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Endemic.html (206 words)

	Ecology at Tembe Elephant National Park - article by Wayne Matthews
		Not only are the numbers of endemics high, but they are also are spread across virtually the whole taxonomic spectrum (an endemic is a plant or animal more or less confined to a particular area or substrate).
		As in the case with plants, the centre is of exceptional zoogeographical interest because of the sharp biogeographical transformation in the region (Poynton 1961).
		Of the 225 Maputaland Centre plant endemic species, 30 are associated with it and 20 restricted to it.
	www.africaelephants.com /ecology.htm (2076 words)

	Ecology and Society: Galápagos Birds and Diseases: Invasive Pathogens as Threats for Island Species (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hawaii has lost a substantial part of its endemic bird fauna since the introduction of avian malaria at the beginning of the 20th century.
		Endemic island species held in captivity appear similarly sensitive to infection by exotic pathogens.
		The impact of this pathogen on the endemic dove species is not known.
	sunsite.wits.ac.za /eco/vol9/iss1/art5/main.html (3846 words)

	Ecologic Studies of Rodent Reservoirs: Their Relevance for Human Health
		The goal of reservoir ecology is to integrate and apply the data toward the development or refinement of predictive models (Figure 6) that help public health authorities identify specific times and locations that may pose a threat to public health.
		Ecology and biologic characteristics of Argentine rodents with antibody to hantavirus.
		Junín virus activity in rodents from endemic and nonendemic loci in central Argentina.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol4no4/mills.htm (4475 words)

	CMLR Ecology
		The ecology of the marine lakes offers fascinating opportunities for research because they harbor marine species in an unusually enclosed situation.
		Regarding the ecology of the marine lakes, CRRF's principal undertaking at this time is the continuation and extension of a monitoring program begun in December 1998, in reaction to massive changes in the marine lakes precipitated by the severe 1997/98 El Niño/La Niña (ENSO) event (CRRF Tech.
		In 1998, the previously perennial population of endemic golden jellyfish medusae, Mastigias sp., disappeared from Jellyfish Lake.
	www.coralreefresearchfoundation.org /TheLab/Research/Lake/ecology.html (510 words)

	Flora, Fauna & Ecology - Ministry of Tourism - Ecuador
		One of its main attractions is the Galapagos Archipelago and its marine reserve, which contain endemic species unique to the area.
		Ecuador is home to ten percent of the world’s plant species, the majority of which grow in the northeastern Amazon, where an estimated 10,000 species thrive.
		The biodiversity is the main wealth of these areas, although there are also a number of communities in the urban sector as well as indigenous and country people in the rural area.
	www.vivecuador.com /html2/eng/ecology.htm (448 words)

	Mike Samuel
		Scientific understanding of the ecology and transmission of CWD in free-ranging wildlife is very limited and this information critical to providing knowledge for making management decisions, and helping to better understand the ecology of CWD in free-ranging populations.
		An integrated, multi-disciplinary research project is studying the demography of exotic and endemic forest birds, mosquito vectors, and pox and malaria parasites across a range of climate, hydrology, and vegetation patterns.
		These studies have focused on disease ecology and contaminants in waterfowl, on the effects of disease on waterfowl populations, and on how wetland environmental conditions influence the risk of disease outbreaks.
	wildlife.wisc.edu /faculty/samuel/samuel.htm (700 words)

	The Maltese Ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Endemic species are of great cultural and scientific importance.
		Some of the endemic plants of the islands are relics from the pre-glacial Mediterranean flora (these are called palaeoendemics) and have no close relatives anywhere else in the world.
		The fauna of coastal cliffs includes some of the rarest of Maltese animals; for example, the endemic Maltese Door-snail (Lampedusa melitensis) occupies a very precarious habitat of a few tens of square metres only on the southwest cliffs of mainland Malta, while two other rare endemic snails are found in a few cliffside localities only.
	www.geog.plym.ac.uk /malta/Eco1.htm (3366 words)

	Evolution, Ecology, Conservation, and Management of Hawaiian Birds: A Vanishing Avifauna
		The smallest island to hold an endemic pigeon is 28 km 2 Maketea (Tuamotu Archipelago), home to Ptilinopus chalcurus; and the smallest island to hold an endemic parrot is Norfolk Island (33.7 km 2) where remains of Nestor produetus have been recovered.
		Island-group endemics Just as we saw that a greater proportion of parrots showed endemism to groups of islands than the less mobile rails, a full 51% of the pi- geons and doves are restricted to single-island groups compared to 30% for parrots.
		First, the maximum number of endemics recorded represents the actual max- imum of each taxon that could occur on each type of island and, second, the recorded maxima on each island size/topography are applicable to all islands in each class.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Condor/cooper/SGML/sab_022/sab_022.html (16081 words)

	Publication
		Ecology and conservation biology of the endangered plant species Solidago shortii (Asteraceae).
		The ecology and evolution of clonal plants, by H. de Kroon and J. van Groenendael (eds.).
		Comparative autecology of a narrow endemic and a geographically-widespread species of goldenrod: growth characteristics.
	mtsu32.mtsu.edu:11174 /publications.htm (1526 words)

	Explore Kilauea Volcano \| Ecology
		Endemic plants refer to those species that are found only in Hawaii.
		Over 90 percent of the native flora and fauna of Hawai`i is endemic found nowhere else on earth.
		The island's 100 endemic land birds evolved from as few as 20 original ancestors; 1000 kinds of flowering plants evolved from 272 colonizers; over 1000 mollusks evolved from at least 22 immigrants; and about 10,000 insects and spider species evolved from 350 to 400 precursors.
	www.fireworkstudios.com /ecology.html (823 words)

	Threatened birds in Hispaniola - Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center - National Zoo\| FONZ
		The island of Hispaniola is an area of international priority for conservation science because of its unique biological diversity and the high degree of threat to the endemic flora and fauna.
		The island has a particularly distinct avifauna with six endemic genera, and is one of the highest rated Endemic Bird Areas in the world (Stattersfield et al.
		Currently, 19 of the 32 endemic bird species are considered threatened (BirdLife International 2000) and very little data exist regarding the ecology and current status of the majority of these rare species.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /ConservationAndScience/MigratoryBirds/Research/Hispaniola (480 words)

	Chris Schneider
		Ecology and evolution of reptiles and amphibians, molecular systematics and population genetics, tropical biology and conservation
		He is using this phylogenetic framework to analyze the patterns and processes of diversification in the Sri Lankan endemics and he is conducting field studies of breeding ecology, behavior, and population dynamics with the goal of developing conservation measures for the remarkable endemic amphibian fauna of Sri Lanka.
		Suyama Meegaskumbura is a Ph.D. student studying the endemic small mammal fauna of Sri Lanka, its relationship to taxa from other parts of the world, and its biogeography.
	www.bu.edu /biology/Faculty_Staff/cschneid.html (797 words)

	The Cloudbridge Project: cloud forest restoration in Costa Rica
		A high percentage of the plants are endemic to this area, having adapted to the harsh climatic conditions.
		(Chamaepetes unicolor), are endemic to the Talamanca highlands.
		Reptile lovers can find many lizards that are endemic to the highlands, such as the spiny lizard found mostly in the paramo.
	cloudbridge.org /context.htm (3114 words)

	NATURE ARMENIA \| Armenia Travel \| TourArmenia \| Travel Guide to Armenia
		Among these is the gampr, a breed of dog endemic to the Armenian highlands, and one that can trace its ancestry to prehistoric settlements and recordings on the faces of the mountains themselves.
		While there is a huge diversity among the endemic species dating back tens of thousand of years, the prototype of the modern gampr was formed 3000 years ago.
		Some have said gamprs originated from Tibet, but there are no endemic sheep or herding animal originating from that area, whereas the Fertile Crescent (which extended in to the Armenian Plateau), developed thousands of years before Central Asia or Europe, and had every cause to domesticate the gampr along with its sheep and wheat.
	www.tacentral.com /nature/fauna_story.asp?story_no=2 (3401 words)

	Ecology and Conservation of Native Plants of Galapagos, Department of Botany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Area of Ecology and Conservation of Native Plants, Charles Darwin Research Station, works to better understand the ecology of native plants, and in turn be able to develop methods for restoration and protection of threatened populations.
		This area is working to update the existing knowledge of native flora, with emphasis on endemic species, by revising the existing data and through a series of field trips.
		Therefore, we conduct studies on the ecology of threatened species for a better understanding of the factors involved in their survival and plan appropriate action for their conservation.
	www.darwinfoundation.org /terrest/Botany/native.html (477 words)

	Rats in Mauritius
		Ecology of rats on Mauritius and their effects on the Island's endemic birds
		Mauritian native wildlife has a high level of endemicity and many of these species are threatened.
		I aim to look in more detail at the ecology of the rats, in particular the amount of time spend in the trees and on the ground, breeding times and whether breeding is stimulated by the availability of a specific food source.
	www.bio.bris.ac.uk /research/mammal/rattus.html (440 words)

	USGS: Science Topics: ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Overview of research of the Ecology Branch on the ecological consequences of habitat degradation due to altered environment, nonindigenous species, and atmospheric alterations.
		Summaries of research projects on fl bear and grizzly ecology and ecosystems supporting the populations and bibliography of related publications.
		Information on the NWRC Wetlands Ecology Branch, which conducts research related to sustainable management and restoration of the nation's coastal saltwater wetlands, freshwater wetlands, submerged aquatic ecosystems, and coastal prairie.
	www.usgs.gov /science/science.php?term=311 (482 words)

	[No title]
		The Terrestrial Ecology Staff's ecological assessment of the interior Columbia Basin project area included an effort to identify centers of concentration, and local hot spots, of (a) species rarity and endemism, and (b) high species richness (denoted on the maps as "biodiversity").
		For refining maps of endemic plant areas, one might want to request occurrence density maps, that is, the number of plant element occurrences per county, township and range, etc., for those elements with a global ranking of G1, G2, or G3.
		Science Team, Terrestrial Ecology Staff, 9/14/95, Panels for biodiversity, endemism and rarity (letters with instructions to panelists for 5/95 panels on centers of high biodiversity and centers of endemism and rarity for animals in Corvallis, OR and Boise, ID), documentation submitted by Elaine Zieroth.
	www.icbemp.gov /spatial/metadata/species/666aux.html (4800 words)

	Tracking the Elusive Fossa
		Despite the unique ecology and enigmatic evolutionary history of Malagasy carnivores, members of this family have been the subject of few in-depth field studies.
		Investigating and identifying how both endemic and invasive predators divide their resources and otherwise affect one another provides significant information to increase our understanding of both ecological and conservation issues in Madagascar and abroad.
		In the absence of additional endemic carnivore competitors, the eight viverrid and herpestid carnivore species found on Madagascar must fill a particularly broad range of niches.
	www.env.duke.edu /news/screeningroom/students/madagascar2003/research-project.html (641 words)

	EcologyFund.com, Amazon Info - Save, preserve and protect Amazon Basin rainforest for free
		Of its 200 endemic bird species, 60 are considered globally threatened with extinction - 20% of all the threatened species known from the Americas.
		There can be no doubt that some of the endemic species have already become extinct, the majority of them unknown to science.
		The high concentration of endemic species, combined with the severe forest loss makes the Atlantic Forest region one of the highest global conservation priorities.
	www.ecologyfund.com /ecology/info_amazon.html (2434 words)

	EnvironmentNEPAL - ECOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The 125 mammal species known to occur in here include four species that are endemic to the ecoregion (table 1).
		The golden langur is limited to the broadleaf forests to the north of the Brahmaputra River, which flows along the foothills and between the Sankosh and Manas rivers, which flow south from the mountains.
		Of these, eleven are near-endemic species, and one, the rufous-throated wren-babbler, is a strict endemic that is restricted to the Eastern Himalayan Broadleaf Forests.
	www.environmentnepal.com.np /ecology_m.asp?id=20 (1926 words)

	Robinson Crusoe Island, Wildlife, Endemic flora, Chile
		Since 1977, these islands, World Biosphere Reserves, have been considered of maximum scientific importance because of the endemic species of flora and fauna.
		101 of the 146 native species of plants are endemic.
		Since 1977, these islands, declared by the UNESCO to be World Biosphere Reserves, have been considered of maximum scientific importance because of the endemic species of flora and fauna.
	www.cascada-expediciones.com /places/robinsonc/robinsonc.htm (193 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1990 he took up a lectureship in ecology at the Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei, where he was to remain for six years.
		He studied the ecology of treehole breeding species and the courtship and mating behaviour of the Chlorocyphidae, or ‘jewels’, which are so spectacularly represented in Borneo.
		Introductory sections include summaries of dragonfly structure and diversity, classification and biogeography, life cycle and general biology, ecology and habitat relations, collecting and preservation, together with an illustrated key to families and species checklist, preceding the more systematic account which enlarges on recognition, distribution, species abundance and biology.
	www.nhpborneo.com /onlinestore/product_details.asp?id=827 (3531 words)

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